Elements of a Hydrogen InfrastructureElements of H2 Infrastructure, presentation Author: jgw...

Shanghai Industrial Fair + Hydrogen and Fuel cellsNov 3- 8, 2004, Shanghai, China

Elements of a Hydrogen Infrastructure

Jaco Reijerkerk BEng (Hons) MSc Hydrogen Solutions

© 2004 Linde Gas page 2

Introduction of hydrogen - by replacement of conventional fuel systems -

H2 carrier reformer cleaner

conventional fuel

CGH2

LH2

FC MH2

H2

fuel cell

combustion engine

common

infra structure

modified


hydrogen - the energy carrier -

Hydrogen ...

... is more than a fuel.


hydrogen - the energy carrier -

Hydrogen ...

... is storable electricity.


fuel stations - the new fuel offers new opportunities -

Instead of deserts … … green areas.


fuel stations - the new fuel offers new solutions -

For adaptation to future platform concepts suitable refuelling solutions are required.

GM Autonomy


infrastructure & fuel stations - requirements -

• 24 hours available

• multiple customers simultaneously

• adaptable to current gas stations

• less than 3 minutes refuelling time

• dual configuration (liquid / gaseous)

• high purity Fuel Cell grade

• competitive costs


fuel stations - universal cryogenic fuel station, principal scheme -

LH2 transfer pumpcapacity: 3.000 l/h

cryogenicpiston pump

supplyconnection

LH2-dispenser

LH2

dispenserstandard

fillingup to

3.000 l/h

vent flue

CGH2-high pressure

storageCGH2-dispenser

CGH2

dispenserstandard

fillingup to

350 bar

boil off gascompressor

boil off gasheater

ventgas; LH2 - filling

CGH2high pressure

evaporator

LH2 storage tank

valve &remote box

LH2fuel station


• hydrogen?

• industrial infrastructure• production

• distribution

• automotive infrastructure• actual existing elements

• future elements

• [email protected]


the actualindustrial infrastructure

[email protected]


Use of Hydrogen

Target: Automobile ApplicationNew Fields for Hydrogen

yesterday today tomorrow

Ehemals treibende KraftStagnierender Markt

Benzin, Fette, Dünger etc.Ca. 7-10% Wachstum pro Jahr

Zentrale Technik BrennstoffzelleGroßes Potenzial


Linde Group - hydrogen activities -

Fossil PrimaryEnergy Source

Renewable PrimaryEnergy Source

HydrogenGenerator

HydrogenStorage

HydrogenLogistics

HydrogenDispenser

HydrogenMarket

ultimate goal for a sustainable“Hydrogen Society”


Linde Group - hydrogen activities -

Fossil PrimaryEnergy Source

Renewable PrimaryEnergy Source

HydrogenDispenser

CombustionEngines

Fuel Cells

HydrogenStorage

HydrogenLogistics

HydrogenGenerator

ultimate goal for a sustainable“Hydrogen Society”


production & distribution - from the source to the customer -

Gas productioncenter

Filling station

Pipeline

PipelineOn-site supply

Retailer

Transport of liquefied gas

Cylinder transport


production & distribution - Linde steam reformer, Milazzo, Italy -


hydrogen pipelines in Europe - examples -

Leuna

Buna

Bitterfeld

Halle

Leipzig

H2

N2

Dessau

H2

N2

N2

N2N2

O2


transport equipment - comparison for LH2 and CGH2 -

Trailer forCompressed Gaseous Hydrogenwithlightweight compound bottles

total weight: 40 tHydrogen load: 530 kg

Trailer forLiquid Hydrogenwitha super insulated cryostat

total weight: < 40tHydrogen load: 3.370 kg


the actual“automotive infrastructure”

[email protected]


hydrogen projects - EXPO 2000, Berlin, BMW 2000 -


hydrogen projects - NECAR 4 (FC) with LH2 supply, DaimlerChrysler 2000 -


hydrogen projects - ZAFIRA (FC) with LH2 supply, General Motors 2000 -

© 2004 Linde Gas wolf whec 2004 page 21


European Hydrogen Initiatives - CUTE Clean Urban Transport Europe, 2002 -

FC-CITARO bus, DaimlerChrysler 2002

30 FC-city-busses running for 2 years in 9 European cities.


hydrogen projects - hydrogen powered FC-forklift, Linde 2003 -

Fuel Cell BatterySTILLmember of the Linde Group


fuel stations - provisional LH2 filling equipment, California, 2000 -


fuel stations - manual operated LH2 fuel station, Hanover 2000 -

The manual fuel station …

… and the filling process.


fuel stations - CGH2 fuel station, 700 bar technology, GM 2002 -


fuel stations - Hydrogen Fuel Station, Tokyo 2003 -


fuel stations - the ROBOT application on Airport Munich, 2000 -


the futureautomotive infrastructure

[email protected]


infrastructure & fuel stations - requirements -

• 24 hours available

• multiple customers simultaneously

• adaptable to current gas stations

• less than 3 minutes refuelling time

• dual configuration (liquid / gaseous)

• high purity Fuel Cell grade

• competitive costs


fuel stations - universal cryogenic fuel station, principal scheme -



supplyconnection

LH2-dispenser

LH2

dispenserstandard

fillingup to

3.000 l/h

vent flue

CGH2-high pressure


CGH2

dispenserstandard

fillingup to

350 bar


boil off gasheater


CGH2high pressure

evaporator

LH2 storage tank

valve &remote box

LH2fuel station



supplyconnection

LH2-dispenser

LH2

dispenserstandard

fillingup to

3.000 l/h

vent flue

CGH2-high pressure


CGH2

dispenserstandard

fillingup to

350 bar


boil off gasheater


CGH2high pressure

evaporator

LH2 storage tank

valve &remote box

LH2fuel station


fuel stations - universal cryogenic fuel station, after completion -


conventional10% HY LE

7.000 Nm3/d

7.000 Nm3/d

10% HY LS

7.000 Nm3/d

7.000 Nm3/d

10% ELY

7.000 Nm3/d

3.500 Nm3/d3.500 Nm3/d

10% ELY L

7.000 Nm3/d

3.500 Nm3/d3.500 Nm3/d

10% SMR

7.000 Nm3/d

3.500 Nm3/d3.500 Nm3/d

10% SMR L

7.000 Nm3/d

3.500 Nm3/d3.500 Nm3/d

50% SMR

35.000 Nm3/d

17.500 Nm3/d17.500 Nm3/d

50% SMR L

35.000 Nm3/d

17.500 Nm3/d17.500 Nm3/d

50% ELY

35.000 Nm3/d

17.500 Nm3/d17.500 Nm3/d

• 50% H2 capacity: on-site Electrolysis50% ELY L

35.000 Nm3/d

17.500 Nm3/d17.500 Nm3/d

• 50% H2 capacity: on-site Electrolysis with Liquefaction100% HY L

• 50% H2 capacity: on-site Electrolysis with Liquefaction

• 100% H2 capacity: LH2 Supply (underground)

LH2 Tanks(unterirdisch)

Footprint of a conventional Fuelling StationFootprint of a conventional Fuelling Station• 10% H2 capacity: Test Operation with LH2 Supply (underground)(above ground)Supply

Footprint of a conventional Fuelling Station• 10% H2 capacity: Test Operation with LH2 Supply

Footprint of a conventional Fuelling Station• 10% H2 capacity: Test Operation with LH2 (above ground)

• 10% H2 capacity: on-site Electrolysis with Liquefactioncapacity: on-site Electrolysis with Liquefaction capacity: on-site Electrolysis with Liquefaction

Footprint of a conventional Fuelling Station• 10% H2 capacity: Test Operation with LH2 Supply (above ground)

• 10% H2 capacity: on-site Electrolysis


• 10% H2

• 10% H2 capacity: on-site Steam Reforming with Liquefactioncapacity: on-site Steam Reforming with Liquefaction capacity: on-site Steam Reforming with Liquefaction



• 10% H2 capacity: on-site Steam Reforming



• 10% H2

• 50% H2 capacity: on-site Steam Reforming with Liquefactioncapacity: on-site Steam Reforming with Liquefaction capacity: on-site Steam Reforming with Liquefaction



• 10% H2 capacity: on-site Steam Reforming with Liquefaction

• 50% H2 capacity: on-site Steam Reforming




• 50% H2






• 10% H2

• 10% H2

• 50% H2


fuel stations - development & integration of an automotive LH2 coupling -

Integration

Thank you.

Elements of a Hydrogen InfrastructureElements of H2 Infrastructure, presentation Author: jgw...

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