Elements ,compounds, and mixtures
description
Transcript of Elements ,compounds, and mixtures
BASIC COMPETENCY:
To understand the element, compound and mixture.
STANDARD COMPETENCY:
Describes concept of element, compound and mixture
OBJECTIVES 1.To describe the characteristics of elements,
compounds, and mixtures 2.To classify matters into elements ,compounds
,and mixture
Examples of element:
ELEMENTS Element is single matter that cannot be broken
down into simpler matter by chemical methods.
There are 116 known elements. Of these 92 are found in the Earth (natural). The other 24 elements have been made by scientist in laboratories (manmade).
Fluorine
Aluminium
Gold
silver
Mercury
THE SYMBOL OF ELEMENT
Jons Jacob Berzelius proposed alphabets as the symbols of each element.
All of elements use symbol. These symbols were taken one or two letters from their old Latin or Greek name.
Example: Au is the Latin word of gold “Aurum”.
Rules of writing element symbols: 1. If an element is symbolized by one letter, it must be capital
letter, for example oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), carbon (C). 2. If an element is symbolized by more than one letters, the
first letter must be capital letter followed by small letter, for example zinc (Zn), gold (Au), copper (Cu).
THINK TIME What are the chemical symbols of the following
elements?a) Bromineb) Silverc) Uraniumd) Antimonye) Tungsten
What are the names of the elements with the following chemical symbols?a) Si b) Pc) Snd) Pbe) Au
Classification of the Elements
Classification of elements by stateElements can be classified by their
physical state at room temperature Solid (of the 92 natural element, 79 are solids) Gas (of the 92 natural element, 11 are gases) Liquid (of the 92 natural element, 2 are liquid)
Chlorine gaseous element
Bromine liquid element Silver solid element
Classification of elements as metals and non-metals Elements are classified as metals and non-metals,
depending on how well they conduct electricity and heat.
Metals are good conductors and Non-metal very poor electrical conductors.
Some elements are classified as Metalloids (or semi-metals). Metalloids have properties between those of metals and non metals.
Noble gases
lead
mercury copper
boron
silikon
carbon
chlorine neon
sulphur
metal Non - metalMetalloid
Properties Metals Non-metals
Ability to conduct heat and electricity
Good conductor
Poor conductor (except carbon)
Densities, melting and boiling point
Usually solids (except
mercury), high densities, high melting points
and boiling points
Usually liquid and gases with low densities, low melting points and
boiling points
Appearance Usually hard and shiny
Usually soft and dull
Are they malleable?(mudah ditempa )
Yes No
WHAT ARE ELEMENT MADE OF?
AtomsAn atom is the smallest unit of an element, having properties of that element.The atoms of one element are different from the atoms of any other element. For example, all hydrogen atoms are the same
and are different from atoms of carbon or iron.
Molecules
Most gaseous elements form molecules comprising two atoms. Example: Oxygen (O2), Hydrogen (H2), Nitrogen (N2), Chlorine (Cl2)
N N+ N N
N2
Gases
POST TEST
Answer this question. Define an element. State the names and symbols of some
common elements. Describe ways of classifying the
elements.
COMPOUND
Compound is a substance containing two or more elements chemically joined together.
If elements combine together, they will completely change.For example:Water (H2O) is a compound made up of Hydrogen
and Oxygen.Hydrogen and Oxygen are colourless gases, and the compound water is colourless liquid
HH + O HH O
Compound is a single matter that cannot be broken down by physical separation. The compound can only be broken down into its elements by a chemical reaction.
Molecules is the smallest particle of a compound.
A compound contain only one kind of molecule.
Molecule is a group of two or more atoms chemically joined together.
WHAT ARE COMPOUND MADE OF?
The chemical formula for water is
This formula tells us that a water molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
CHEMICAL FORMULA OF A MOLECULE
The chemical formula of a molecule shows the number and kinds of atoms contained in it.
Symbol of atom
The amount of atoms present in
one molecule
H2O
1. State the number of atoms and name the kinds of atoms shown by each formula
a. Alcohol, C2H5OH
b. Refined sugar, C12H22O11
c. Sulphuric acid, H2SO4
d. Sulphur dioxide, SO2
e. Glucose, C2H12O6
f. Urea, CO (NH2)2
THINK TIME
NAMES OF COMPOUND Many compound contain a metal and a non-
metal. The metal part usually comes first, followed by the non-metal part. For example: NaCl (sodium chloride)
The names of many compounds with only two elements often end in –ide. For example: MgO (magnesium oxide)
If the name of compound end in –ate, they contain oxygen. For example: CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate)
Acids are compounds. Their names usually end in –ic acid. For example: HCl (Hidrochloric acid)
These are some of the chemical formulaCompound Chemical Formula
Sodium Chloride NaCl
Magnesium Oxide MgO
Sodium hydroxide NaOH
Calcium carbonate CaCO3
Sulphuric acid H2SO4
Water H2O
Ammonia NH3
Carbon dioxide CO2
Sucrose (sugar) C12H22O11
1. Calculate the comparison between the mass of hydrogen and oxygen in water compound. What is the result?
2. What will happen if the mass of hydrogen and oxygen reacting does not follow the comparison?
3. What can you conclude about the comparison of elements in the compound?
No
BEFORE REACTION
AFTER REACTION
Hydrogen
Oxygen Water produced
Excess
1 1 gram 8 gram 9 gram None
2 2 gram 16 gram 18 gram None
3 2 gram 8 gram 9 gram 1 gram of hydrogen
4 2 gram 17 gram 18 gram 1 gram of oxygen
5 3 gram 30 gram 27 gram 6 gram of oxygen
Chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen producing water
CONCLUSIONa. Water was compound by hydrogen
and oxygen with ratio of 1:8 (1 for hydrogen and 8 for oxygen)
b. If the ratio of H:O was not equal to 1:8, there would be an excess element (sisa)
c. The mass of elements before and after a reaction was CONSTANT
PROUST’S LAW“The mass ratio of elements of a
compound component is constant”
(Perbandingan massa unsur-unsur penyusun senyawa adalah tetap)
1. When 4 grams of hydrogen react with 16 grams of oxygen, how many grams of water are produced? If there is an excess, determine the element and it mass
Answer: The comparison for the mass of hydrogen
and oxygen is 1:8
THINK TIME
No
Before reaction After reaction
Hydrogen
Oxygen Water produced Excess
1 4 gram 16 gram 18 gram(2 gram of hydrogen and 16 gram of oxygen)
2 gram of Hydrogen
Mixtures In the world, there are many things
that’s not pure substances. Mixtures consist of two or more
substances that are not chemically joined together.
Mixtures can consist of elements, compound or both. Also the substances in a mixtures may be solids, liquids or gases
Sea water is mixture of compounds including
water and sodium chlorideBrass is a mixture of the elements copper and zinc
CLASSIFICATION OF MIXTURES
The prefixes "homo"- indicate samenessA homogeneous mixture has the same uniform appearance and composition throughout. Many homogeneous mixtures are commonly referred to as solutions.
Homogeneous
The prefixes: "hetero"- indicate difference.A heterogeneous mixture consists of visibly different substances or phases. The three phases or states of matter are gas, liquid, and solid.
Heterogeneous
In sugar solution,
sugar is the solute and
water is the solvent
Compound Mixtures
Composition Has a fixed composition by mass
Has a variable composition by mass
Melting and Boiling point
Has fixed melting and boiling points
Has variable melting and boiling points
Properties Has it own properties which are different from its elements
Does not usually have its own properties; it has the same properties as its component
Separation Cannot be separated by physical means. Chemical reaction is needed to separate the elements
Can be easily separated into its components by physical means.
Differences between compound and mixtures
CAN YOU DISTINGUISH ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES?
What matter are beside?
It’s elements…
Why?
N
NN
N
N
N
N