ElementsBy: Pedro Pablo Fajardo Osuna & Leonardo Madrigal González

ATOMS

An atom is a primordial component in matter. It possesses defined chemical properties and is formed by electrons, neutrons, protons and a nucleus.

ATOMS

Every element is formed of atoms with the same structure. Atoms, unlike elements and compounds, cannot be divided into smaller, simpler molecules.

AN ATOM’S STRUCTURE

An atom has a nucleus – in which the protons and neutrons are stored. The electrons are present in the atom’s orbitals, which surround the atom’s nucleus.

ELECTRONS

The electrons are one of an atom’s subunits. They possess a negative charge.

VALENCE ELECTRONS

Valence electrons are the electrons located in an atom’s outer orbital.

PROTONS

The protons are subunits with a positive charge. They reside in the atom’s nucleus, along with the neutrons.

NEUTRONS

The neutrons are subunits with a neutral charge. They’re located in the atom’s nucleus along with the protons.

PERIODIC TABLE

The periodic table is an arrangment of the chemical elements and it is organized in groups.

FAMILIESThe families are the vertical colums in the periodic table.There are seven families in total: the alkaline metals, the alkaline earth metals, the transitional metals, the pnictogens, the chal-cogens, the halogens and the noble gases.

PERIODS

The periods are the horizontal numbers above the periodic table. These represent the number of valence electrons the elements in them possess. This number increases from left to right.

IONS

An ion is an atom that isn’t neutrally charged. This means it has gone through a process of gain or loss of electrons one or more times(Perchlorate shown in the image).

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

Electronegativity is the capacity of an atom to attract electrons towards itself, while electropositivity is its capacity to give away their own electrons, or repel the electrons it doesn’t need. This is affected by the atom’s number of valence electrons –The more valence electrons it has, the greater its electronegative capacity will be.

For Dummies. (2012). Ions: Atoms with an Electrical Charge. 2012, de For Dummies (c), A Wiley Brand Sitio web: http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/ions-atoms-with-an-electrical-charge.html

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Filemon Tanchoco. (2009). Electronegativity & Electropositivity. 1938, de ACS Publications Sitio web: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed015p291.1

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Tim Sharp. (2013). What is an Atom?. 2013, de Livescience Sitio web: http://www.livescience.com/37206-atom-definition.html

BIBLIOGRAPHIES