Elements
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Transcript of Elements
Hydrogen
• gas• the most abundant element in the Universe • colourless• odourless• flammable• the lightest element
Universe
Living things
Earth's crust
H2Hydrogen
Sun
83.9 %
63 %
0.22 %
Helium
• a noble gas • formed by single atoms• lighter than air• not flammable
He
1868 – It was first discovered on the Sun during a solar eclipse.
eclipse
helium
helium balloons
Universe
Helium
15.9 %
• the most abundant gas in the atmosphere • colourless• odourless• inert
Nitrogen
Living things
N2
Atmosphere
nitrates
proteins
Nitrogen
78 %
1.4 %
• gas • colourless• odourless• the most abundant element on Earth
Oxygen
21 %
25.5 %
47 %
Oxygen
O2
water
H2Oozone
O3
Living things
Earth's crust
Atmosphere
• the basis of all organic compounds• has a unique ability to form compounds
graphite
Carbon
0.03 %
9.5 %
0.19 %
Living things
Earth's crust
Atmosphere
Carbon
C
coal
oilcarbon dioxide
2.2 %
Elements in the Earth's crust
3.5 %
4.5 %
7.9 % Aluminium
Iron
Calcium
Magnesium
28 % Silicon
47 % Oxygen (O)28 % Silicon (Si)7.9 % Aluminium (Al)4.5 % Iron (Fe)3.5 % Calcium (Ca)2.5 % Sodium (Na)2.5 % Potassium (K)2.2 % Magnesium (Mg)
28 % Silicon
Elements in the Earth's crust
quartz
microchip
silica (SiO2)
• solid substance• brown colour• generally found as a compound
7.9 % Aluminium
Elements in the Earth's crust
micas
feldspars
• soft, light metal• light grey colour• only found as a compound• obtained from bauxite
• metal • grey colour • generally found as a compound
4.5 % Iron
Elements in the Earth's crust
pyrite
hematite
steel
iron and oxygen
iron and sulphur iron and carbon
2.2 %
talc
Elements in the Earth's crust
• metal • silver-white colour• found as a compound
olivine fireworks
Magnesium
• metal • greyish white colour• found only as a compound
Elements in the Earth's crust
limestone stalactites
calcite
calcium carbonate
3.5 %
Calcium
Elements in sea water
composition of sea water
characteristics of water
Chlorine
Sodium
Potassium
Elements in sea water
• yellowish green gas• denser than air• irritating and toxic• used to disinfect swimming pools
Chlorine
Sodium
Potassium
composition of sea water
characteristics of water
Elements in sea water
• metal• soft • shiny• only found in compounds• reacts easily with oxygen
Sodium
halite
Potassium
Chlorine
composition of sea water
characteristics of water
Elements in sea water
• metal• soft• shiny• only found in compounds
Potassiumpotassium chloride
Chlorine
Sodium
composition of sea water
characteristics of water
Elements in sea water
CLOSEBACK
composition of sea water
Salts Grams per litre
sodium chloride 24
magnesium chloride 5
sodium sulphate 4
calcium chloride 1.1
potassium chloride 0.7
sodium bicarbonate 0.2
others 0.5
TOTAL 35.5
Average chemical composition of sea water
Potassium
Chlorine
Sodium
characteristics of water
Water
water molecules
(H2O)
hydrogen bridges
68 % waterGO BACK
characteristics of water