Elementary Particles(Slide)

Elementary Particle Physics in a Nutshell


Elementary particle physics explores the nature of the very large and the very small



... forces within the nucleus




... the stuff of the universe




... the stuff of the universe

... the unity of forces

...searches for new elementary (not just elemental) forms of matter

Explores the dominance of matter over anti-matter

... the unification of physical symmetries in a hot universe

... origins of mass

...searches for new elementary (not just elemental) forms of matter

Explores the dominance of matter over anti-matter

... the unification of physical symmetries in a hot universe

... origins of mass

... the fundamental theories of life, the universe and everything

Study basic constituents of matter and the forces that

govern their actions

May 4, 2005 Drew Baden 10

The Labs

Fermilab (Near Chicago)The Tevatron

proton-antiproton colliderat c.o.m. Energy = 2TeV

6.3 km circumference

CERN (Geneva, Switzerland)Tdhe LHC

proton-proton colliderat c.o.m. Energy = 14TeV

27 km circumference

Tevatron

not to scale


The ExperimentsD - Fermilab

Weighs 5000 tons~106 channels of informationInspects ~3-30 x106

collisions/sec.Running now, mature experiment,

high quality data

CMS - CERNWeighs 12,500 tons~107 channels of informationInspects ~40-1000 x106

collisions/sec.First physics data: end of 2009

D-Zero


Slice of CMS7m

Are there undiscovered principles of nature: new symmetries, new physical laws?

The kinds of questions we ask

What is dark matter? How can we make it in the laboratory?

Are there extra dimensions of space?

The kinds of questions we askCosmic tug of war How can we solve the mystery of dark

energy?

Composition of the universe

Do all the forces become one?


Standard Model particles, many more may exist

Why are there so many kinds of particles?

What is mass?

>12 orders of magnitude in mass!

W photonmass = 0mass = 80.4 GeV

What is the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking?


What happened to the antimatter?

Now

Matter Antimatter

Then

How did the universe come to be?

E=mc

2

xkcd.com

Cold

Hot

Electroweak Unification

EM-like

Weak-like

EM/Weak interactionsunified at large Energy/ momentum transfer

EM/Weak interactionsunified at large energy/momentum transfer

Gauge theory (like electromagnetism) describes fermions (quarks) which carry an SU(3) charge (color) and interact through the exchange of vector bosons (gluons)

Quantum Chromodynamics

In a more general theory (GUT), expect unification w/ electroweak force

Interesting features:- gluons themselves have color- interactions are strong- coupling constant runs rapidly

becomes weak at momentum transfers above a few GeV

Accumulate world's largest data sets at highest energies before LHC era

physics menu includes:

Precision top physics (first ever) Precision EW physics (new

observations of di-boson states) Searches: Higgs* and new physics

(explore much of SUSY phase space, extra-dimensions, exotic matter states)

QCD and proton hadronic structure (new levels of precision, smallest distance scales yet)*

Discover new states predicted by QPM Heavy flavor physics* (Precision

measurements in heavy quark sector, relationship between generations, matter antimatter asymmetry,...

Mature experiment, high quality data

LHC: The New Frontier

physics menu includes:

Copious top production Test of EW physics to unitarity limit Copious Higgs production*, test SM

vs. SUSY Higgs Direct observations of SUSY states*

or elimination of the lifetime work of many theorists :)

Order of magnitude gain in physics reach at smallest distance scales*

Open door to weirdness: black hole production, extremely massive exotic

states, new types of strong interactions, extra-dimensions*....

A new era of HEP research starts this Fall!

* general group interests at present

Various Technical Projects

At the CMS test beam

Constantly pushing technological envelopes:

High speed electronics Computing Precision detector readout Radiation and high magnetic field tolerant devices Fast, exceptionally sensitive detector technologies State of the art data analysis techniques ...

1990

World's 1st web site and a the WWW, a gift to the world from HEP

Workshops and Physics Schools

Around Fermilab

Around CERN

CERN Surroundings

Where do HEP students go?HEP students and postdocs go many places after completing their research, some (very few really) examples: Industry

Industrial research and instrumentation design Wireless technology and network infrastructure IT Consulting Financial analysis, modeling Design of medical treatment devices

Non-Industry Private and public think tanks National research laboratories (not only HEP) Law, Media

Academia 4-year undergraduate colleges Tier-1 research universities

But, you should only choose this or any other research area because you are interested in the physics!

no passion, no progress!

What can you learn along w/ physics?Lots: detector technologies, typical HEP experiments can easily employ

many varieties of particle detection enormous amount of practical physics in development of detector systems high performance data readout systems, electronics (HEP detectors

must typically process 10's of TB of data each second) high performance computing:

need to cull above data rate to manageable levels in real time handle data sets at many PetaByte level

sophisticated data analysis techniques, statistical reasoning, multivariate approaches for problems -> extracting maximal information from data working with engineers and detector/accelerator physics experts to

bring experiments on-line experience w/ detailed simulations of detector systems and physics

processes join in a large talented physics community, amazing access to

expertise in world wide community + many opportunities to contribute to high-profile efforts

Interested in Experimental HEP?Great opportunities for graduate students this year

Some resources:- seminars, colloquia, ...- Symmetry Magazine: http://www.symmetrymagazine.org- CERN Courier: http://cerncourier.com- Femilab Today: http://www.fnal.gov/pub/today/

A fantastic time to get involved!

Want to try learn more? I'll be happy to meet with interested students. Lab Tours Project Details Opportunities to get involved at UVa, CERN, Fermilab

[email protected]

Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Fermilab and CERNSlide 11Slide 12D0 and CMSSlide 14A Slice of CMSSlide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20EW UnificationQCDYou can be a High Energy Physicist!Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35

Elementary Particles(Slide)

Documents

Transcript of Elementary Particles(Slide)