ELEG 205 Fall 2017 Lecture #1 - University of Delawaremirotzni/ELEG205/Lecture1.pdf · ELEG 205...

ELEG 205Fall 2017

Lecture #1

Mark Mirotznik, Ph.D.Professor

The University of DelawareTel: (302)831-4221

Email: [email protected]

ELEG 205 Analog CircuitsFall Semester, 2017

Instructor: Mark S. Mirotznik, Ph.D., Professor of ECEThe University of DelawareEvans 102Office: 302-831-4241, Email: [email protected] Hours: Tuesdays & Thursdays 2:00-3:00 PM

Teaching Assistant Lecture: Xiaozhang Liu ([email protected])Office: DuPont 126Office Hours: MW 9:30-11:00, TR 2:00-3:00, F 9:30-11:00

Soumitra Biswa ([email protected])Office: Evans 148Office Hours: M,Tu,Th and F: 1:30-3:30 PM

Teaching Assistants Lab:Aric Lu ([email protected] )Kaleb Burd ([email protected])Patrick Nicholson ([email protected])Colby Banbury ([email protected])

Time and Location:Lecture: Tuesdays and Thursdays 9:30-10:45AM, Willard Hall, Room 007Discussion: Mondays, 2:30-3:20 PM, Kirkbride Hall, Room 004Laboratory: Tuesdays 3:30-7:30 PM and Thursdays, 3:30-7:30 PM, Evans Hall, Room 134

Text: Engineering Circuit Analysis (Eighth Edition), William Hayt, Jack Kemmerly and Steven Durbin

Course Website: http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mirotzni/ELEG205/ELEG205_2017.htm

Course Description This course is a foundation course in electrical and computer engineering that covers the basic laws of electric circuits, analysis of DC and AC circuits, network equations, network theorems and simple operational amplifier circuits. The approach taken in this course is to combine traditional lectures with a series of laboratory exercises to reinforce concepts.

Lectures:Lectures will be given every Tuesday and Thursday. Weekly homework problems will be assigned each Thursday and due the following Thursday. Homework questions can be addressed during office hours or during the weekly Monday discussion session. The homework will not be collected. However, on Thursday one of the homework problems will be selected at random and a modified version will be given as a short in-class quiz. The total quiz grade will be worth the same as one exam.

Course TopicsBasic electric circuit componentsVoltage and Current LawsMethods of Circuit Analysis

Nodal AnalysisMesh or Loop Analysis

Basic Circuit TheoremsLinearity and SuperpositionSource TransformationsThevenin Equivalent CircuitsMaximum Power Transfer

Operational AmplifiersCapacitors and InductorsRC and RL CircuitsRLC CircuitsSinusoidal Steady-State Analysis

Exam #1

Exam #2

Exam #3

Course Material:

Required: You will be required to purchase :(1) Textbook: Engineering Circuit Analysis (Eighth Edition), William Hayt, Jack Kemmerly and Steven Durbin

Optional:

(1) Digital Multimeter: It is optional (but highly recommended) that you also purchase a digital multimeter (DMM). The multimeter will be needed to complete most, if not all, of the laboratory exercises. A multimeter is one of the most utilized instruments an electrical engineer owns and will be useful for your entire time at UD (and hopefully well beyond!). There are many good multimeters that you can purchase on-line or at numerous stores (e.g. Radioshack, Sears, Homedepot ….) . The DMM sold by Digilent (MS8217) we have found to be a well made product at a reasonable cost:http://www.digilentinc.com/Products/Detail.cfm?NavPath=2,842,882&Prod=MULTIMETER-MS8217If you choose not to purchase a DMM you can use the meters available in the Evans 134 laboratory.

(2) Computer: To use the Digilent Explorer Breadboards you will have to connect the boards (via USB) to a computer running the Digilent WaveForms software interface. The software can be downloaded at no cost from Digilent(http://www.digilentinc.com/Products/Catalog.cfm?NavPath=2,842&Cat=17). If you do not have a computer you will have access to the computers in the Evans 134 laboratory.

Borrowed: You will need to check out a Digilent Explorer Breadboard from the ECE Department. You will be responsible for returning the breadboards in good condition at the end of the semester.

http://www.digilentinc.com/Products/Detail.cfm?NavPath=2,842,882&Prod=MULTIMETER-MS8217

http://www.digilentinc.com/Products/Catalog.cfm?NavPath=2,842&Cat=17

Laboratory Exercises:

There will be five different laboratory exercises plus one bonus design problem.

You will also be required to sign up for a weekly 5 minute time-slot to demonstrate your laboratory exercise to one of the TAs (Note: onceyou pick a time-slot you will be required to keep that same time slot throughout the semester unless the TAs agree to a rare exception).During your time slot you will be asked to; (1) turn in the laboratory worksheet, (2) demonstrate your circuit to the TA and (3) answer a fewspecific questions. The TAs will then assign you a laboratory grade based on your worksheets, how well you demonstrated your circuit aswell as how well you answer their questions. No late laboratories will be allowed (i.e. zeroes will be given for any weekly laboratory exercisenot presented to the TA by your scheduled time slot).

To conduct the exercises students are required to first check out a Digilent Explorer Breadboard from the ECE Department and StarterParts Kit (note that this part kit will also be used in ELEG 309). Using the Digilent breadboard you can work on the laboratories at homeor in the ECE Lab (Evans 134).

Board check-out will occur as follows:

Tuesday, 29th August 2017. 10:00am to 12:00 noon, 1:00pm to 6:00pm. Last name beginning with A thru H. Thursday, 29th August 2017. 10:00am to 12:00 noon, 12:00 noon to 5:00pm. Last name beginning with I thru P. Tuesday, 5th September 2017. 10:00am to 12:00 noon, 12:00 noon to 5:00pm. Last name beginning with Q thru Z.

If you drop the class during the course of the semester, you must return their board ASAP.

Tentative Laboratory Schedule

Week 1: August 29 and 31: No lab session Week 2: September 5 and 7: Lab 1 assigned, No lab sessionWeek 3: September 12 and 14: No lab sessionWeek 4: September 19 and 21: Lab 1 due, Lab 2 assignedWeek 5: September 26 and September 28: No lab sessionWeek 6: October 3 and 5: Lab 2 due, Lab 3 assignedWeek 7: October 10 and 12: No lab session Week 8: October 17 and 19: Exam #1, No lab sessionWeek 9: October 24 and 26: Lab 3 due, Lab 4 assignedWeek 10: October 31 and November 2: No lab session Week 11: November 7 and 9: Lab 4 due, Lab 5 assignedWeek 12: November 8 and 10: No lab session Week 13: November 14 and 16: No lab session Week 14: November 21 and 23: Thanksgiving Break, No lab sessionWeek 15: November 28 and 30: Lab 5 dueWeek 16: December 5 and 17: Optional design lab due! Must demonstrate to the TAs and Dr. Mirotznik

Optional Bonus Design Challenge: I will assign a design challenge sometime early in the semester. If you chose toattempt the design challenge you will need to; (1) design a circuit (of your own), (2) visit Dr. Mirotznik during office hoursand show him a paper design prior to building it, (3) demonstrate a working version of your design to the TAs and Dr.Mirotznik by the last day of class. If your design works AND it is clear to Dr. Mirotznik that you did this on your own andunderstand how it works you will get a bump of one letter grade on your final grade (e.g. “C” to a “B” or “B” to an “A” …). However, it must work! No partial credit will be given to non-working circuits. Also, while you are allowed to lookthrough books and on the WEB to get ideas of how to build specific portions of your design you are not allowed to copy theentire circuit directly from these sources or from someone else in the class. If I find you did not do this project on your ownyou will not receive any additional credit and may be reported to the university for an academic honesty violation.

Please be warned that the time you will spend designing, building and testing will almost certainly be greater than the timeyou will spend improving your grade by extra studying for exams. However, there is no better way to learn this subject thanto do it! So I encourage anyone interested to give it a try. The department will pay for your components (as long as they arereasonable in cost).

NOTE: YOU MUST HAVE AT LEAST A “C-” AVERAGE ON THE PREVIOUS 2 EXAMS (70% or above) TO PARTICIPATE IN THE DESIGN CHALLENGE

Design Project Description (TBT)

Homework Assignment

Homework will be assigned each Thursday and due the following Thursday. It will not be collected! Instead, one of the homeworkproblems will be picked randomly, modified slightly and given as an in-class quiz.

Class Attendance and Excused AbsencesStudents are HIGHLY encouraged to attend all lectures and discussion sessions. For missed quizzes, laboratories and exams I follow theuniversity’s policy on “Student Class Attendance and Excused Absences”,http://facultyhandbook.udel.edu/handbook/3113-student-class-attendance-and-excused-absences. Specifically;

(1) Absences due to religious holidays not listed in University calendars, as well as absences due to athletic participation or otherextracurricular activities in which students are official representatives of the University are recognized as excused absences. However, itis the student’s responsibility to inform me in writing during the first two weeks of the semester of these planned absences for thesemester.(2) Absences due to serious illness or death within a student's family, or other serious family emergency, are recognized as excusedabsences. To validate such absences, the student must present evidence to the Dean's Office of the College of Engineering. The Dean'sOffice will then provide a letter of verification to me.(3) Absences due to personal illness is also recognized as an excused absence. However, it is the student’s responsibility to validate suchabsences. To do so the student must present evidence of the illness to the Dean's Office of his the College of Engineering. Supportiveevidence will be provided on the student's request by the Student Health Service directly to the respective Dean. The Dean's Office willthen provide a letter of verification to me.

NOTE: That if you do not provide evidence to the Dean’s office that validates an absence it will be recognized as an unexcusedabsence and any missed graded material (quizzes, laboratories and exams) will be given a failing 0/100 grade. I do not makeexceptions to this policy!

Laboratory grade 20%In class quizzes 20%1st Exam 20%2nd Exam 20%3rd Exam 20%

100%

Grading Your grade will be based on, laboratory grades, quizzes and exams broken down as follows:

Note: I do not curve

Grading scale : 90-100 A80-89 B70-79 C60-69 D<60 F

Dr. M’s Policies, Pet Peeves and Class Philosophy No cell phones, laptops, tablets or other electronic gadgets out during class. You are way better off listening to me and

writing down notes by hand. More importantly, I find it distracting and rude when folks are texting or surfing during my lectures. Please just don’t do it!

Class is optional but highly recommended!

Do not think you can blow off class and get by reading the book and cramming before exams. That simply does not work in this class!

This is not a course, and I am not an instructor, that requires much memorization. This is a class that requires you to learn and apply concepts. My exams are not tricky but do stress your basic knowledge of concepts.

Do not get off to a bad start! This course starts out rather slow and the beginning material is pretty easy. However, it snowballs very quickly and if you did not fully grasp the concepts from the beginning of the course you will struggle as things get more complicated.

Attending the discussion session is a really good idea. I will show you how to do the homework problems and often give hints on problems you might see on exams.

Ask lots of questions! I really like an interactive class. If there are no questions I will likely pick on folks randomly to ask questions. I am not trying to be mean! I am usually trying to figure out if I am going too quickly. Unless I catch you with your phone out (or you have a green bay packer shirt on) and then, yes, I am trying to be mean.

Dr. M’s Policies, Pet Peeves and Class Philosophy

No cell phones, laptops, tablets or other electronic gadgets out during class. You are way better off listening to me and writing down notes by hand. More importantly, I find it distracting and rude when folks are texting or surfing during my lectures. Please just don’t do it!

Class is optional but highly recommended!

Do not think you can blow off class and get by reading the book and cramming before exams. That simply does not work in this class!

Dr. M’s Policies, Pet Peeves and Class PhilosophyThis is not a course that requires too much memorization. This is a class that

requires you to learn and apply concepts. My exams are not tricky but do stress your basic knowledge of concepts and ability to solve problems.

Do not get off to a bad start! This course starts out rather slow and the beginning material is pretty easy. However, it snowballs very quickly and if you did not fully grasp the concepts from the beginning of the course you will struggle as things get more complicated.

Dr. M’s Policies, Pet Peeves and Class Philosophy

Attending the discussion session is a really good idea. I will show you how to do the homework problems and often give hints on problems you might see on exams.

Ask lots of questions! I really like an interactive class. If there are no questions I will likely pick on folks randomly to ask questions. I am not trying to be mean! I am usually trying to figure out if I am going too quickly. Unless I catch you with your phone out (or you have a green bay packer shirt on) and then, yes, I am trying to be mean.

Dr. M’s Honesty Policy

Please just don’t cheat!! I take it very seriously.

If I catch you copying from someone else’s quiz, exam or copying lab reports or any other form of cheating you will; (1) fail the course and (2) be reported to the University for academic dishonesty. No grade is worth the risk!

Please just don’t do it.

Part #1: DC Resistive Circuits

????????

????


????????

DC stands for direct current.

It means that all currents, voltages

and everything else in the circuit DOES

NOT change in time

How would we define the circuit if things do vary in time?


????????



and everything else in the circuit DO

NOT change in time

How would we define the circuit if things do vary in time?

AC stands for alternating current.It means that currents, voltages vary in time


????DC stands for direct current.



NOT change in time

What other components are we going to add later?

Resistive circuits are circuits that

only contain electrical sources (i.e. voltage and current sources)

and resistors.





NOT change in time

What other components are we going to add later?



and resistors.

As time goes on in this course we will start adding other components such as inductors, capacitors and operational

amplifiers





NOT change in time



and resistors.





NOT change in time



and resistors.

Collection of circuit elements (e.g.

sources, resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors ….) that

form a path for electrical charge

(i.e. usually electrons) to flow

Let’s begin with some definitions

1. Electrical Charge What is it? What are it units? What is the symbol


1. Electrical Charge What is it? What are it units? What is the symbol

• Charge is the phenomenon giving rise to forces observed between electrical charged bodies. There are 2 kinds of charges: positive & negative

• Defined in terms of the charge on 1 electron ~=1.6x10-19 Coulombsor stated as Charge on 6.2x1018 electrons is 1 Coulomb• Symbol Q (constant) or q(t) (time varying)


1. Electrical Current What is it? What are it units? What is the symbol



• Motion or flow of charge constitutes an electric current• Conventional current is the flow of positive charges

• Electron current is negative charges• Measure of rate of flow of charge through a surface

1 Ampere = 1 Coulomb/sec

• or Charge is the sum or ‘accumulation’ of current• Symbol for non-time varying I and i(t) for time varying current

dtdQtI =)(



• Motion or flow of charge constitutes an electric current• Conventional current is the flow of positive charges

• Electron current is negative charges• Measure of rate of flow of charge through a surface

1 Ampere = 1 Coulomb/sec

• or Charge is the sum or ‘accumulation’ of current• Symbol for non-time varying I and i(t) for time varying current

dtdQtI =)(

Is 1.0 Amp of current a lot of current? Would it kill you if that much current went through your heart?



• When describing current please use terms like:• The current through ….• The current flow through …

• When describing current please DO NOT use terms like:• The current across ….• The current between …


1. Electrical Voltage What is it? What are it units? What is the symbol



• Fix one Coulomb of charge in space … energy input (work) is required to bring another Coulomb of charge from a point A to a new point B closer to the fixed charge ……. the potential energy difference between points B & A is known as voltage:

• 1 Volt = 1 Joule / Coulomb• Symbol for non-time varying V and V(t) for time varying voltage

+ +

Q1=1 C

A B

Q2=1 C

Work needed to move Q2 to point B

Voltage is defined between two points (A and B)



• Fix one Coulomb of charge in space … energy input (work) is required to bring another Coulomb of charge from a point A to a new point B closer to the fixed charge ……. the potential energy difference between points B & A is known as voltage:

• 1 Volt = 1 Joule / Coulomb• Symbol for non-time varying V and V(t) for time varying voltage

+ +

Q1=1 C

A B

Q2=1 C

Work needed to move Q2 to point B

Technically true but kind of a boring and non-intuitive definition for voltage

Voltage is defined between two points (A and B)

Good Analogy to Electrical CircuitWater tower

High pressure (with respect to the ground)

PAG

A

G

Smaller diameter pipe resists the flow of water more than a larger pipe

Water flowsIA

CB

PBG PCG

D E

G

Water flowsIC

ID IE

IG

Think of voltage as the pressure between two points and electric current as the flow of water

Good Analogy to Electrical Circuit

Some Questions1. Which is bigger IA or IC?


Some Questions1. Which is bigger IA or IC?2. Which is bigger ID or IC?


Some Questions1. Which is bigger IA or IC?2. Which is bigger ID or IC?3. If the two houses are the

same which house has the higher water pressure?


Some Questions1. Which is bigger IA or IC?2. Which is bigger ID or IC?3. If the two houses are the

same which house has the higher water pressure?

4. Which is bigger ID or IE?


Some Questions1. Which is bigger IA or IC?2. Which is bigger ID or IC?3. If the two houses are the same which

house has the higher water pressure?

4. Which is bigger ID or IE?5. Which is bigger PBG or PCG?




4. Which is bigger ID or IE?5. Which is bigger PBG or PCG?6. Which is bigger IA or IG?




4. Which is bigger ID or IE?5. Which is bigger PBG or PCG?6. Which is bigger IA or IG?7. Could you write an equation for PBC

in terms of the other variables in the diagram?


Think of voltage as the pressure between two points and electric current as the flow of water

G

A B C

D E

IA IC

VAG

VBG VCG

VBC=???

Rsmall

Rbig

ID IE

IG

Where the analogy breaks down!

=

G

A B C

D E

IA IC

VAG

VBG VCG

VBC=???

Rsmall

Rbig

ID IE

IG

I=0

This is called an open circuit.No current flows in an open circuit.(electrons do not shoot out the end of the wire)

Some things to keep in mind about voltage1. Voltage is always measured between two points in a circuit. Saying the

voltage at point A is 100 Volts is meaningless unless you tell me what it is measured with respect to.

2. We normally identify a point in the circuit as the reference. This is typically given the symbol of “ground”

3. Voltage has a polarity (+ and -) that tells us which side has the higher voltage with respect to the other side. The + is the high side and the – is the low side.

• When describing voltage please use terms like:• The voltage across ….• The voltage between …

• When describing voltage please DO NOT use terms like:• The voltage through ….• The voltage flowing …

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