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Electrons in Atoms Electron Configuration Orbital Notation Lewis-Electron Dot Diagram Essential...
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Transcript of Electrons in Atoms Electron Configuration Orbital Notation Lewis-Electron Dot Diagram Essential...
Electrons in AtomsElectrons in AtomsElectron ConfigurationOrbital NotationLewis-Electron Dot Diagram
Essential question: What correlation is there between electron configuration and orbital notation?
Electron ConfigurationElectron ConfigurationA form of notation which shows how the
electrons are distributed among the various atomic orbital and energy levels
◦Example of e- configuration for Hydrogen: 1s1
Principle Quantum number which stands for the energy level
S-Block
Total # of electrons in that sublevel. 1st column of s-block
Essential question: What correlation is there between electron configuration and orbital notation?
Periodic PatternsPeriodic Patterns Yellow represents the s-block Pink represents the p-block Green represents the d-block Orange represents the f-block
S-block
S-block
p-block
d-block
f-block
Learning CheckLearning CheckWhat element would have an
electron configuration ending in 4s1?
Potassium
Order of filling sublevelsOrder of filling sublevels1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
You must fill in each sublevel with its maximum number of electrons before you move to the next energy level
Sublevel (block)
# of orbitals Maximum # of e-
S 1 2
p 3 6
d 5 10
f 7 14
ExamplesExamplese- configuration for Oxygen
◦Oxygen has 8 electrons and is in period 2
◦1s2
2s2 2p4 6 valence electrons
2 energy level and located in the p-block
PracticePracticeWrite the e- configuration for the
following elements:
◦Helium◦Neon◦Sulfur◦Calcium
Orbital NotationOrbital Notation
Every box represents an orbitalEvery arrow represents electrons
Sublevel (block)
# of orbitals Maximum # of e-
S 1 2
p 3 6
d 5 10
f 7 14
General RulesGeneral RulesPauli Exclusion principle
◦ Every orbital can only hold 2 electrons with opposite spins
Hund’s rule◦ Within a sublevel, place one e- per orbital
before pairing them.
WRONG Right
Example:Example:
Orbital Notation for Oxygen:◦ You know the e- configuration for oxygen is
1s22s22p4
◦Remember: Every orbital is represented by a box Every orbital holds a maximum of 2
electrons s-block represented by 1 orbital p-block represented by 3 orbitals
1s2 2s2 2p4
PracticePracticeShow orbital notation for the
following elements:
◦Helium◦Neon◦Sulfur◦Calcium
Lewis Electron Dot StructureLewis Electron Dot Structure
An atom’s Lewis electron dot structure consists of :
◦ element’s symbol-which represents the atomic nucleus and inner-level electrons, surrounded by dots representing the atom’s valence electrons.
Source: Glencoe Chemistry Matter and Change pg. 140
Group 1A: 1 valence electron
How do we use the periodic table to draw Lewis electron dot structures?Identifying the representative group
number will allow you to determine the number of valence electrons.
Here’s how….
Group 2A: 2 valence electrons
Group 3A: 3 valence electrons
Group 4A: 4 valence electrons
Group 5A: 5 valence electrons
Group 6A: 6 valence electrons
Group 7A: 7 valence electrons
Group 8A: 8 valence electrons
Writing out Lewis Electron Dot Writing out Lewis Electron Dot StructureStructure
Group # = number of valence electrons
Example: Phosphorus is on group 5A, so it has 5 valence electrons.
PStep 1: write the element symbol
Step 2: Start at the top of the symbol and place one electron
Step 3: Continue placing one electron on each of the four sides of the symbol & then pair up the electrons until you have placed all valence electrons around the symbol
PracticePracticeWrite the Lewis Electron Dot
Structure for the following elements:
◦Helium◦Neon◦Sulfur◦Calcium
Questions??Questions??