Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999...
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Transcript of Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999...
![Page 1: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ElectronicsElectronics
Principles & ApplicationsPrinciples & ApplicationsFifth EditionFifth Edition
Chapter 4Power Supplies
©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Charles A. Schuler
![Page 2: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• The System• Half-Wave Rectification• Full-Wave Rectification• RMS to Average• Filters• Multipliers• Ripple and Regulation• Zener Regulator
INTRODUCTION
![Page 3: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Power Supply
Circuit A
Circuit B
Circuit C
The power supply energizes the other circuits in a system.
Thus, a power supply defect will affect the other circuits.
![Page 4: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ac Power Supply
Circuit A
Circuit B
Circuit C
dc
dc
dc
Most line operated supplies change ac to dc.
![Page 5: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
+
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0
+
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0ac
A series rectifier diode changes ac to dc.
Half-wave pulsating dc
The cathode makes thisthe positive end of the load.
![Page 6: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
+
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0
Full-wave pulsating dc
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0
ac
Two diodes and a transformer provide full-wave performance.
The cathodes make thisthe positive end of the load.
![Page 7: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
VLOAD is equalto one-half thetotal secondary
voltage.
C.T.
One-half of the transformer secondary conducts at a time.
VTOTAL
VTOTAL
![Page 8: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
+
-
0
Full-wave pulsating dc
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0
ac
The bridge circuit eliminates the need for a transformer.
![Page 9: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
+
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0
Full-wave pulsating dc
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0
ac
Reversing the diodes produces a negative power supply.
![Page 10: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Power supply basics quiz
Most line-operated power supplies changeac to ________. dc
A single diode achieves ________ -waverectification. half
Two diodes and a center-tapped transformerprovide ________ -wave rectification. full
A bridge rectifier uses ________ diodes.four
The positive end of the load is the end incontact with the diode ________. cathodes
![Page 11: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Vac
Vdc
ac
Vac
Vdc
Ignoring diode loss,the average dc is 45%
of the ac input forhalf-wave.
Vac
Vdc
Converting rmsto average
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Vac
Vdc
ac
Vac
Vdc
Ignoring diode loss,the average dc is 90%
of the ac input forfull-wave.
![Page 13: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Average dc quiz
The average dc voltage with half-wave isequal to ______ of the ac voltage. 45%
The effective ac voltage in a two-diode, full-wave rectifier is _______ of the secondary voltage. half
The average dc voltage with a full-waverectifier is _________ of the effective ac voltage. 90%
The average dc voltage with a bridge rectifieris equal to ________ of the ac voltage. 90%
![Page 14: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Filtercapacitor
+
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0
Charge
Discharge
VP
A relatively large filter capacitor will maintain theload voltage near the peak value of the waveform.
ac
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ac
+
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0
Discharge time
Full-wave is easier to filter since the discharge time is shorter than it is for half-wave rectifiers.
VP
![Page 16: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Adding a filter capacitorincreases the dc output
voltage.
Vac
Vdc
ac
Vac
Vdc
Ignoring diode lossand assuming a largefilter, the dc output is
equal to the peak valuefor both half-wave and
full-wave.
![Page 17: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Vac
Vdc
Vac
Vdc
ac
Ignoring diode lossand assuming a largefilter, the dc output is
equal to the peak valuefor both half-wave and
full-wave.
![Page 18: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ac
Vac
Vdc
Full-wave doublerVac
Vdc
Ignoring diode loss andassuming large filters,
the dc output is twice thepeak ac input.
![Page 19: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
C1 is charged.
C1ac
Half-wave voltage doubler
C2
The charge on C1 adds to the ac line voltageand C2 is charged to twice the peak value.
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Capacitive filter dc output quiz(assume a very light load for this quiz)
The dc output in a well-filtered half-wave supply is _____ of the ac input. 141%
The dc output in a well-filtered full-wave supply is _____ of the ac input. 141%
The dc output in a well-filtered half-wave doubler is _____ of the ac input. 282%
The dc output in a well-filtered full-wave doubler is _____ of the ac input. 282%
![Page 21: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Vac
Vdc
Vac
Vdc
An ideal dc power supply has no ac ripple.
ac ripple = 0%
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Vac
Vdc
Vac
Vdc
acac ripple =
12 Vdc
1.32 Vac x 100% = 11 %
Real power supplieshave some ac ripple.
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Vac
Vdc
An ideal power supply has perfect voltage regulation.
The voltagedoes not change.
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Vac
Vdc
Vac
Vdc
ac
The output of areal supply drops
under load.
Voltage Regulation =VVFL
x 100 %
= 12 V1 V
x 100 %
= 8.33 %
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ac
Vac
Vdc
A zener diode canregulate voltage.
Vac
Vdc
Vac
Vdc
But, if the zener stops conducting, the regulation is lost.
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Power supply quality quiz
The voltage regulation of an ideal powersupply is ___________. 0%
The ac ripple output of an ideal powersupply is ___________. 0%
small
The ac component of an ideal dc power supplyshould be as ________ as is feasible. small
A device that is commonly used to regulatevoltage is the ________ diode. zener
V in a real power supply should be as ___________ as is feasible.
![Page 27: Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Power Supplies ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bf731a28abf838c7ecfb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
REVIEW
• The System• Half-Wave Rectification• Full-Wave Rectification• RMS to Average• Filters• Multipliers• Ripple and Regulation• Zener Regulator