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Electronics means study of flow of electrons in electrical circuits. The word Electronicscomes from electron mechanics which means learning the way how an electron behavesunder different conditions of externally applied fields. IRE - The Institution of RadioEngineers has given a definition of electronics as "that field of science and engineering,which deals with electron devices and their utilization." Fundamentals of electronics are thecore subject in all branches of engineering nowadays.

Application of ElectronicsElectronics has made tremendous advancement during last few decades and our day today life involves the use of electronic devices. Electronics has played a major role in everysphere of our life; this can be proved with the following application of electronics:

Entertainment and CommunicationAvailability of economical and fast means of communication paves the way for progress of acountry. Few decades ago, the main application of electronics was in the field of telephonyand telegraphy. Now, with the aid of radio waves we can transmit any message from oneplace to another, with out the use of wires. Radio and TV broadcasting offers a means of

both entertainment as well as communication. Today, Electronics gadgets are widely usedfor entertainment.

Defense ApplicationsDefense applications are completely controlled by electronic circuits. RADAR that is RadioDetection and Ranging is the most important development in electronics field. With the helpof radar it is possible to detect and find the exact location of enemy aircraft. Radar and anticraft guns can be linked by an automatic control system to make a complete unit.

Industrial ApplicationElectronics circuits are widely being used in industrial applications such as control of

thickness, quality, weight and moisture content of a material. Electronic amplifier circuits areused to amplify signals and thus control the operations of automatic door openers, powersystems and safety devices. Electronically controlled systems are used for heating andwelding in the industry. The most important industrial application is that the power stationswhich generate thousands of megawatts of electricity are controlled by tiny electronicdevices and circuits.

Medical ServicesElectronics systems are being used by Doctors and scientists in the diagnosis andtreatment of various diseases. X-rays, ECG, Short eave diathermy units and oscillographsare some instruments which have been used so far in medical science. The use ofelectronics in medical science has grown so extremely and is useful in saving the life of

mankind from a lot of sufferings.

Instrumentation - Application of ElectronicsElectronics instruments such as cathode-ray oscilloscopes, frequency counters, signalgenerators, strain gauges are of great help in for precise measurement of variousquantities. Without these electronic instruments no research laboratory is complete.

An Introduction to Electronic Components

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All electronic circuits contain few basic components. That are three passive componentsand two active components. An Integrated circuit may comprise of thousands of transistors,few capacitors on a small chip.

Types of Electronic Components:Passive Components1. Resistors2. Capacitors3. Inductors

Active Components1. Tube devices2. Semiconductor devices

What are Passive Components?

Resistors, capacitors and inductors are called as passive components. These electronics

components are called passive because they by themselves are not capable of amplifyingor processing an electrical circuit. However, passive components are as important as activecomponents in any electronic circuit.

Resistors: The component that opposes the flow of current is called a resistor. Thisopposing force is called the resistance of the material. It is measured in ohms.Capacitors: Capacitor is a component that is used to store electrical energy and releasethem whenever desired. It is measured in farads. Capacitors like resistors can either befixed or variable. Some common capacitors are mica, ceramic, paper and air gangcapacitors.Inductor:

The electronic component which produces inductance is called an inductor. The inductanceis measured in henrys (H). All inductors, like resistors and capacitors are listed as fixed andvariable.

What are Active Components?

Active components are used in electronic circuits. They are classified in two categories:Tube devices and semiconductor devices. Due to many advantages of semiconductordevices, they are replacing tube devices in many electronic applications.

Electronics components and electronic applications are penetrated everywhere in our day today life. Electronics deals in the micro and milli range of voltage, current and power and

also control kilo and mega volts, amperes and watts. Today, Electronics is an establishedbranch of engineering.