Electron Configuration Na: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1 Na: [Ne] 3s 1.
Electron Configuration What is it? ◦ A list of orbitals that contain electrons for an element. ◦...
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Transcript of Electron Configuration What is it? ◦ A list of orbitals that contain electrons for an element. ◦...
Electron ConfigurationElectron ConfigurationWhat is it?
◦A list of orbitals that contain electrons for an element.
◦Ex. 1s22s22p63s1
What are the different ways:◦Orbital notation _______
1s
◦Complete configuration 1s22s22p63s1
◦Abbreviated configuration(noble gas configuration) [He] 2s2
S orbitals are spherical
Lowest energy orbital
P orbitals are dumbell shaped
D orbitals
F orbitals (highest energy orbital level)
Rules of Electron Rules of Electron ConfigurationConfiguration1. Afbau principle
◦ An electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it.
2. Pauli exclusion principle◦ No two electrons in the same atom can
have the same four quantum numbers.3. Hund’s rule
◦ Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin state.
NotationsNotationsOrbital Notation-
◦An unoccupied orbital is represented by ____
◦An orbital containing one electron is represented by ______
1s
◦An orbital containing two electrons is represented by _______
1s
Electron Configuration Notation◦1s2 2s2 2p6
StepsSteps1. determine the number of
electrons to be “addressed”.2. Look at the template or periodic
table and “count”3. You must fill “up” arrows in the
orbitals before filling “down” arrows. 4. The order of filling is 1s, 2s, 2p,
3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p (these are lowest energy to highest)
Blocks on the periodic Blocks on the periodic tabletableCan you find a pattern
Electron configuration Electron configuration practicepractice
Additional itemsAdditional itemsIsoelectric
◦When these atoms lose or gain electrons, they would have the same number of electrons.
Outer shell configuration◦Valence electrons orbitals and
placementDiamagnetic
◦When all of the electrons in orbitals are paired (up spin and down spin). If one is unpaired it is called paramagnetic)
Quantum Theory and Quantum Theory and Electron ConfigurationElectron Configuration
Quantum model of the Quantum model of the atom atom Quantum theory of an atom
◦A theory that uses mathematical equations to describe wave properties of electrons and other small particles.
Quantum Numbers◦These numbers completely describe
orbitals.
Quantum numbersQuantum numbers4 sets of numbers
house #, street, city, zip codearea code, prefix, number,
extension1. Principal quantum number2. Angular momentum
quantum number3. magnetic quantum number4. spin quantum number
Principal Quantum Principal Quantum NumberNumberSymbolized by nIndicates the energy level of the
electronAs n increases the electron’s
energy and its distance from the nucleus increase.
1-7
Angular Momentum Quantum Angular Momentum Quantum NumberNumberSymbolized by lIndicates the shape of the orbital
in a specific energy level.l = n-1For l=0, s orbital (spherical)For l=1, p orbital (dumbbell)For l=2, d orbitalFor l=3, f orbital
Magnetic Quantum Magnetic Quantum NumberNumberSymbolized by mM numbers are whole, including 0
from –l to +l.Indicates the orientation of an
orbital around the nucleus. ◦S has only 1 possible orientation◦P has 3 orientations◦D has 5 orientations◦F has 7 orientations
Spin Quantum NumberSpin Quantum NumberValues are +1/2 and -1/2 Indicates direction of spin2 electrons that are occupying
the same orbital have to have opposite spins.