Electron Electron Configuration & The Configuration & The Periodic TablePeriodic TableChapter 12Chapter 12

Groups & PeriodsGroups & Periods Group – vertical column on the periodic Group – vertical column on the periodic

table; share similar chemical propertiestable; share similar chemical properties Period – horizontal rows on the periodic Period – horizontal rows on the periodic

table; give the energy level of the outer table; give the energy level of the outer electronselectrons

Period Period 11: : H: H: 11ss1 1 He: He: 11ss22

Period Period 33: : Li: [He]Li: [He]33ss11 N: [He] N: [He]33ss2233pp33

The BlocksThe Blocks The periodic table is divided into 4 blocks The periodic table is divided into 4 blocks

corresponding to the type of orbital of its corresponding to the type of orbital of its outer electronsouter electrons

1) s-block (groups 1-2)1) s-block (groups 1-2)2) p-block (groups 13-18)2) p-block (groups 13-18)3) d-block (groups 3-12)3) d-block (groups 3-12)4) f-block (Lanthanides & Actinides)4) f-block (Lanthanides & Actinides)

Blocks & eBlocks & e-- configuration configuration Example---need to know Ca configurationExample---need to know Ca configuration Ca is located in the Ca is located in the s-blocks-block, on the , on the 44thth

period, and the period, and the 22ndnd column column Using the noble gas that comes before Using the noble gas that comes before

Ca, we can now write Ca configuration Ca, we can now write Ca configuration just using this infojust using this info

Ca: [Ar]Ca: [Ar]44ss22

More practiceMore practice

OxygenOxygen[He]2s[He]2s222p2p44

VanadiumVanadium[Ar]4s[Ar]4s223d3d33

**Watch for d-block, it will always be **Watch for d-block, it will always be one less than your row #!one less than your row #!

S-Block (Groups 1 & 2)S-Block (Groups 1 & 2)

Group 1 is most reactive – Alkali MetalsGroup 1 is most reactive – Alkali Metals Has configuration of nsHas configuration of ns11

Silvery appearance, but softSilvery appearance, but soft

Group 2 --- Alkali Earth MetalsGroup 2 --- Alkali Earth Metals Has configuration of nsHas configuration of ns22

Harder, denser, stronger; less reactiveHarder, denser, stronger; less reactive

Group 1 and 2 Reactions!Group 1 and 2 Reactions!

The d-block (groups 3-12)The d-block (groups 3-12) Elements are known as transition Elements are known as transition

metalsmetals Good conductors of electricity & heatGood conductors of electricity & heat High luster (shiny) and reactivity High luster (shiny) and reactivity

decreases as group # increasesdecreases as group # increases Configuration (n-1)dConfiguration (n-1)dxxnsnsyy

http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/transition.htmltransition.html

P-block (groups 13-18)P-block (groups 13-18) Known as the main group elementsKnown as the main group elements Configuration of nsConfiguration of ns22npnpxx

Include metals, nonmetals & metalloidsInclude metals, nonmetals & metalloids Group 16—Chalcogens; purify metalsGroup 16—Chalcogens; purify metals Group 17—Halogens; react vigorously with Group 17—Halogens; react vigorously with

metalsmetals Group 18—Noble Gases; inertGroup 18—Noble Gases; inert

F-block F-block Lanthanides– shiny metals similar with Lanthanides– shiny metals similar with

group 2 reactivitygroup 2 reactivity Actinides– all radioactive; only the first 4 are Actinides– all radioactive; only the first 4 are

found naturally on Earth; the others only in found naturally on Earth; the others only in labslabs

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=7278951http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=7278951069225366106&q=atomic+bomb&hl=en069225366106&q=atomic+bomb&hl=en

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L2pyTn1O00http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L2pyTn1O00