ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM. Song The electromagnetic spectrum song.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
description
Transcript of Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
Astronomy Chapter 3.1Pages 94, 95, 99 & 100
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• Travel in the form of waves
• These waves can travel through empty space.
Electromagnetic Radiation
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• ER waves travel at the speed of light– 300,000km per second
• Wavelength, the length from one wave to another, determines the type of radiation
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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D. Gamma Rays
B. Visible
C. Ultraviolet
A. Radio Waves
Which of the following has the longest wavelength?
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• Emits electromagnetic radiation of all types.
The Sun
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Electromagnetic Spectrum• The various types of ER waves arranged on a continuum
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• A form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that you can see
• A form of energy that travels in waves like:• Radio waves• X-rays• Visible light
What is Visible Light?
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• Visible Light– Made of various colors, each with a different
wavelength
– These are the colors seen in a rainbow.
Spectrum
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F. Violet
C. Yellow
D. Green
A. Red
Which color has the shortest wavelength?
B. Orange
E. Blue
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–When white light is passed through a prism, the light is bent into the visible spectrum.
Spectrum (Prisms)
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R – O – Y – G – B – I – V• (Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue,
Indigo, Violet)
Spectrum
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Spectroscope• Uses a prism to split the light gathered by a telescope into a spectrum.
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• Three different typesContinuous Spectrum
Emission Spectrum
Absorption Spectrum
Three types of Spectra
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• Unbroken band of colors
• Shows that the source is emitting all visible wavelengths.
Continuous Spectrum
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• A series of unevenly spaced lines of different colors and brightness.
• The bright lines show that the source is emitting light of certain wavelengths.
Emissions Spectrum
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• Produced by glowing gases
• Every element has a unique emission spectrum– Allows scientists to determine the elements in
objects.
Emissions Spectrum
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• A continuous spectrum crossed by dark lines
• Lines form when light from a glowing object passes through a cooler gas.– The gas absorbs the wavelengths that are
missing.
Absorption Spectrum
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• The colors absorbed are the same that the gas would emit– Absorption Spectrum for Hydrogen
– Emission Spectrum for Hydrogen
Absorption Spectrum
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D. Absorption Spectrum
B. Emission Spectrum
C. Continuous Spectrum
A. Visible
Which spectrum would you expect to see produced by
glowing gasses?
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Which spectrum would you expect to see if you were studying the
gasses on another planet?
D. Absorption Spectrum
B. Emission Spectrum
C. Continuous Spectrum
A. Visible
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How do these spectrum allow astronomers to figure out what elements make up the atmospheres of stars and planets?
Absorption Spectrum
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• Chemical elements in a star’s atmosphere absorb light from the star.
• Each element absorbs a different wavelength. Each absorbed wavelength is shown as a dark line on a spectrum.
Chemical Composition
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• It acts like a finger print each element has a unique set of lines.
• By comparing the star’s spectrum to the known spectrums of different elements, astronomers can determine the elements present.
Chemical Composition
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• Most stars have a chemical composition similar to the sun. 73% H, 25%He and 2% other elements.
• Stars at different temps produce different line spectrums.
• If the star is at about 10,000˚C it produces a very strong spectral lines for H.
• If the hydrogen line is not strong, it means the star is cooler than 10,000˚C
Temperatures
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Hydrogen
Helium
Sodium
Calcium
Star A
Absorption Spectrums
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Hydrogen
Helium
Sodium
Calcium
Star B
Absorption Spectrums
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Hydrogen
Helium
Sodium
Calcium
Star C
Absorption Spectrums
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Constellations• Patterns of stars in the sky• ORION- The Hunter