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Transcript of Electromagnetic simulation of electric motors for ... – COMPUTER ... Electromagnetic simulation of...
![Page 1: Electromagnetic simulation of electric motors for ... – COMPUTER ... Electromagnetic simulation of electric motors for automotive applications ... New features in EMS 2015 for the](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022012902/5aa3504b7f8b9a80378e17bc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Electromagnetic simulation of electric motors for automotive applications Adrian Scott Market Development Manager Low Frequency Applications
![Page 2: Electromagnetic simulation of electric motors for ... – COMPUTER ... Electromagnetic simulation of electric motors for automotive applications ... New features in EMS 2015 for the](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022012902/5aa3504b7f8b9a80378e17bc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Quick introduction to CST EMS for LF simulation and applications Short summary of motors in automotive applications Typical motor design parameters Simulation example of a PMSM – model set up and useful design parameter extraction Other motor examples : Induction and reluctance motors Outlook CST EMS 2016
Agenda
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
CST EM STUDIO® Solvers
Electrostatics
Stationary Currents
Magnetostatics Time Domain
Frequency Domain
![Page 4: Electromagnetic simulation of electric motors for ... – COMPUTER ... Electromagnetic simulation of electric motors for automotive applications ... New features in EMS 2015 for the](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022012902/5aa3504b7f8b9a80378e17bc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Rotating machines
Synchronous
PMSM (Brushless DC)
Externally excited (ESM)
Reluctance
Switched Reluctance
(SRM)
Variable Reluctance
(VRSM)
Asynchronous
IM
Traction motor candidates for HEV/EVs
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Typical synchronous motor parameters
Requirement Goal Open Circuit MMF Characteristic Parameterization V versus Flux
Torque versus torque angle Parameterization
Torque optimization Maximize
Cogging torque Minimize - vibration
Lq/Ld Extraction Equivalent circuit
Iron loss calculation Efficiency
Permanent magnet demagnetization Short circuit risk
Flux weakening capability Wide range of operating speed
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Electrical machine features 2D Transient and Magnetostatic
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
1. 2D LT Motion solver 2. Permanent magnet transformation 3. Coil grouping 4. State-Space (Ms) 5. Transient Inductance monitors (LT) + Back EMF (LT) 6. Impedance Matrix (LF) 7. Core Loss models (LT)
Key features : 2015
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Iron Loss Calculation Methods
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Conceptual example PMSM Optimization
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
• Stator consisting of • three-phase rotating field winding
system, non-linear steel
• Rotor consisting of • Permanent magnets • Air barriers for flux diversion
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Multi-phase winding/coil systems Voltage and/or current groups Reduced inductance matrix Summation of coils‘ inductances „Terminals“ i.e. single or 3-phase
systems....
Colouring helps to ensure correct coil definition
Coil Grouping / Colouring
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Permanent magnet definition
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Air-Gap Definition (rotional)
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Stator and Rotor steel M19 BH Data
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Mesh with local mesh properties
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
PMSM optimization Average torque and torque ripple (check also cogging torque?) Permanent magnet radial position, angle between magnets, magnet lengths, barrier geometry Motivation : difficult to derive analytical expressions due to non-linear effects e.g. Barrier shape, proximity to rotor surface Conflict of interests : maximum torque, reduced ripple!
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Steady state torque and ripple M
inim
ize
Max
imiz
e
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Rotor permanent magnets and barriers
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Average Torque
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Torque ripple
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Sum of all goals
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Initial and Optimized Steady State Torque
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Steady-State torque
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Cogging torque (stator open circuit)
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Optimized PMSM geometry
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
B-Field (Abs) versus time
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Core losses in Stator and Rotor
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Incremental Inductance versus time
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Back-EMF results
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Back EMF vs. Speed (Frequency)
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Other motor types
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Induction motor performance Performance characteristic Torque
vs. Speed vs. Frequency
12000 rpm
Torq
ue,
Nm
Speed, rev/min Slip
Standstill S = 1 S = 0
Constant Voltage/frequency (V/f) control scheme for induction motors
100 – 400 Hz Squirrel Cage Type 4 Pole, 400 Hz 3-Phase Stator Winding (AC Supply) Synchronous speed proportional to
applied frequency Rotor “slips” behind synchronous
field
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Induction motor B-Field
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
CPU Acceleration Pyhsical cores/multi-threading
Distributing Computing Parametric/optimisation
Induction motor simulation Single simulation (e.g. @ Slip_T_max) Total time 1 Thread: 9m : 23s Total time 4 Threads: 5m : 15s Acceleration: 1.8
Acceleration
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Switched Reluctance Machine
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Salient Pole Synchronous Motor
Salient pole rotor with DC excitation
4 Pole, 50 Hz, 3-Phase Stator Winding (AC Supply)
Synchronous speed proportional to FREQUENCY / Number of magnetic poles
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CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Salient Pole Synchronous Motor Open circuit (no-load) test
Rotor speed = synchronous speed Stator RMS voltage (phase A) versus field current, I_field
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Multiple rotations : magnetic gear
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Shaded-Pole Induction Motor (SPIM)
2D Transient motion
Eddy currents in cage and shaded-pole rings, non-linear magnetic materials
Standard Torque-Speed curves
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New features in EMS 2016
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1. Voltage driven coils in 2D (LT) 2. Zero NET current constraint in LT 2D in magnets 3. Permanent magnet demagnetization Monitor (LT) 4. Periodicity LT (subvolume) 5. Equation of motion (LT) 6. Linear motion (LT) 7. Additional core loss models 8. 2D Forces, 3D LT Force density (Ms, LT) 9. H-Field calculation for (LF EQS) 10. Moment calculation (Ms)
Key features : 2016
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PMSM : Pulse Width Modulation New voltage sources in 2D LT Transient User-Defined PWM stator voltage signals PWM Signals from inverter unit
Motor Control
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New features in EMS 2015 for the simulation of electrical machines – Efficient 2D simulations Simulation example of a PMSM – model set up and useful design parameter extraction The possibilities to optimize design parameters of a PMSM was shown Same principles can also be applied to induction and reluctance motors Outlook CST EMS 2016
Summary