ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY AND CABLES · TECHNICAL INFORMATION ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY AND...

TECHNICAL INFORMATION

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY AND CABLESEMC: Capability of a system or device to maintain its functions (without irreparable electromagnetic failure) in the electromagnetic environment it is present.Device should not emit undesired EM signals that affect other devices nearby, and at the same time, it should not be affected by undesired signals emitted by the other devices.Cables that connect devices to each other are amongst the main factors that determine EMC quality. Because cables not only transmit undesired signals from one point to another (conductivity interference) but also emit signals, which travel through them, to the environment like an aerial (radiation interference). Quality of shielding material and cable shield earthing are two basic elements that determine cable performance.

1-SHIELDING Screening is defined as isolating two medium from each other with respect to electromagnetic aspect. In order to understand if screening applied well, screening effectiveness is calculated or measured. Screening effectiveness is calculated by using the ratio of the signal received without the shield, to signal received inside the shield. Data obtained by the measurement procedures are converted to shielding effectiveness in different frequency range by mathematical relationships defined in table below.

Materials to be chosen for screening purposes can be divided into three groups;1-High-performance materials:100% covering made of materials like steel, copper and stainless steel(Screening effectiveness of 80-120 dB)2-Standard-performance materials:Conductive metal tapes (screening effectiveness of 20-40 dB)3-Low-performance materials:Metallized fabric structures, conductive paper materials (conductive polymers),(screening effectiveness of 15-30 dB)In practice, many problems can be solved by screening effectiveness of 40 dB.Screening effectiveness of 100-120 dB can be required for military systems. The values required in specifications for instrument cables, coaxial cables, data transmission cables are around 80- 100 dB.

2-EARTHINGIt is defined as either voluntary or involuntary connection of an electric circuit or device to earth or a surface big enough to be a substitute for earth by means of a conductive interconnection.Earthing is accepted as absolute reference zero volt. For the earthing to be accomplished in a real sense of a word, all devices must be brought to this absolute zero point.

Some structures that can substitute earthing in practice:

-Steel construction buildings-Vehicle body (car, plane, ship)-Water pipes-Earthing electrode systems-Earthing plate, grid, etc.

Direction of screening and earthing are important since cables are generally used to transmit signals between source and load. Unwanted electric fields are well-screen in a cable which is shielded only on the load side.However, this is not sufficient for screening the magnetic fields. Electric field shielding is better when earthing is applied on both load and source sides, and by doing so magnetic shielding is obtained as well.(Screening effectiveness increases by 10-20 dB) Magnetic leak is decreased by using twisted pair conductor(by diminishing the area between the conductors and allowing reverse current flows by means of twists).When earthing is applied on both sides, effective electric and magnetic screening is obtained.

FREQUENCYRANGE

MEASUREDQUANTITIES

UNITS SHIELDING EFFECTIVENES (dB)

9 kHz-20 MHz(extendable down to 50 Hz)

20-300 MHz

1.7-18 GHz(extendaple up to 100 GHz)

Tüm frekanslar(as listed above)

H1, H2

V1, V2

E1,E2

P1, P2

All, in dBrelated values

µA/m,µTµV

µV/m

watt

dB SE = E1 (dB) - E2 (dB) (B.5a)SE = H1 (dB) - H2 (dB) (B.5b)SE = V1 (dB) - V2 (dB) (B.5c)SE = P1 (dB) - P2 (dB) (B.5d)

SH = 20 log10 H1 (B.1)a H2

SH = 20 log10 V1 (B.2) V2

SE = 20 log10 E1 (B.3) E2

SP = 10 log10 P1 (B.4) P2

LINEAR UNITS

LOGARITHMIC UNITS

H1 is the magnetic field in the absence

of the enclosure (reference reading)

H2 is the magnetic field within the enclosure.

V1 is the voltage reading in the absence


V2 is the voltage reading within the enclosure.

E1 is the electric field in the absence

of the enclosure(reference reading)

E2 is the electric field within the enclosure;

P1 is the power detected in absence


P2 is the power detected within the enclosure.

1

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTIC

1) CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE

The most general feature of coaxial cables is impedance. It does not depend on length. It depends on cable size and insulation material. It is expressed in Ohms. Coaxial cables are generally produced as 50 ohm, 75 ohm and 93 ohm cables.A simple formula to determine impedance of a coaxial cable;Z0 = 183 x Vp x log (D/d) ohmZ0 = Characteristic ImpedanceVp = Velocity of propagationD = Dielectric (Insulation) Diameterd = Conductor inner diameter

2) CAPACITY (pF/m)

It is electric energy accumulated by insulation material, and depends on conductor, insulation and dielectric con-stant of the insulation material

C: ln (D/d)r: Dielectric Constant

MATERIAL Dielectric ConstantAIR PE SOLID FOAM PE PTFE FEP

3) VELOCITY OF PROPAGATION

Cable’s velocity of diffussion is equal to the ratio of the velocity of a signal inside the cable to the velocity of light.Example: While the velocity of diffussion in the solid PE insulated cable is 66%, in Foam PE it increases to 87%. This feature can also be shown as delay.

4) ATTENUATION (dB/100mt)

All transmission lines, or coaxial cables, experience loses. In other words, there is the decrease in magnitude of a signal as it travels through any transmitting medium, such as a cable, circuitry or free air. These loses, termed attenuation, will decrease where the efficiency of the line, which in turn limits the power capabilities. They are measured as a ratio or as the logarithm of a ratio (decibel). Those losses, termed attenuation,

In order to express cable attenuation performans we need to introduce attenuation consant which is a rating for a cable or other transmitting medium, which is the relative rate of amplitude decrease of voltage or current in the direction of travel. It is measured in decibels per unit length of cable.

5) RETURN LOSS (RL)

Cable sizes, quality of insulation material and mistakes made during cable laying influence the characteristicimpedance. Any single disorder or mistake results in reflections.Return loss is equal to the ratio of output signal to the reflected signal.


COAXIAL CABLE ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTIC

pF/m

12,31,51,952,15

Vp: 1 delay: 1,0167164X r r

2x x8,85x

Ld= (C x VOP)

2


HARMONISED CABLES SYMBOLS

HARMONISED CABLES

Regulation designationH: Harmonised regulationA: Approved national design

Rated Voltage01 100/100 V03 300/300 V05 300/500 V07 450/750 V11 600/1000 V

Insulation materialV Polyvinylchloride (PVC)V2 PVC, up to +90°CV3 PVC for low temperaturesB Ethylenepropylene (EPR)E PolyethyleneX XLPE (cross-linked PE)R RubberS Silicone Rubber

Sheath or braiding materialsV Polyvinylchloride (PVC)V2 PVC, up to +90°CV3 PVC for low temperaturesV5 PVC, oil resistanceR RubberN Cloroprene rubberQ PolyurethaneC4 Screen of copper wire braiding J Glass fibre braiding T Textile braiding

Special construction featuresH Flat divisible cablesH2 Flat non-divisible cablesH6 Flat non-divisible cables, for elevatorsH8 Spiral cables

Conductor type U Single-wire round conductorR Multiple-wire round conductorK Fine stranded (for cables for fixed installations)F Fine strands (for flexible cables) H Extra fine strandsD Fine stranded for welding cablesE Extra fine strands for wilding cables

Protective earthing conductorX Without protective earthing conductor G With protective earthing conductor

3


CABLE SYMBOLS ACCORDING TO VDE STANDARDS

TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABLES AND WIRES

A Outdoor cableG Mining cablesJ Installation cables and wiresL Multicore cablesS Switchboard cables - Signal cableJE Installation cables and wire for industrial electronicLi Stranded wire conductor

Insulation material:P Paper insulationY Polyvinylchloride PVC2Y Polyethylene (PE)3Y PS, polystrene5Y PTFE6Y FEP 7Y ETFE02Y Foam PE, cellular polyethyleneO2YS Foam-skin PE

Structral Features:F Cable core essambly with fillingYv PVC reinforced sheath2Yv PE reinforced sheath(C) Screen of Copper wire braid(L) Screen of plastic-coated aluminium tape(St) Metal foil screenD Concentric layer of copper wires(Z) Steel wire braidM Lead sheathMz Lead sheath with added hardenerL Aluminium sheath, smoothLD Corrugated Aluminium sheathW Corrugated steel sheath(L)2Y Laminated sheathb Armouringc Protective covering of juteE PVC tape(T) Support wire for aerial cableSTIII Star quads in local cablesSTI Star quads for larger distancesST Star quads for use of phantom circuitsF Star quads for railway usePİMF Pair in metal foilTİMF Triad in metal foilVİMF Quad in metal foilBd Laid up in bundlesLg Laid up in layers

4


CABLE SYMBOLS ACORDING TO VDE STANDARD

POWER CABLES

Conductor type:

N VDE - standard(N) On the basis of VDE - standard

Conductor material:

Cu CopperA Aluminium

Insulation material:

H Halogen Free (HFFR) Y Polyvinylchloride (PVC)2Y Polyethylene (PE)2X Cross-linked PE (XLPE)

Concentric conductor, screen:

C Concentric copper conductorCW Consentric copper conductor, in wave conal formation CE Consentric copper conductor over each coreS Copper screenSE Copper screen and conductive layer

Armouring:

F Armour of flat wiresR Armour of round wires B Steel tape armour

Sheath material:

Y PVC2Y PE

Protective earthing conductor:

J With protective conductorO Without protective earthing conductor

Conductor type:

r... Round conductors... Sector-shaped conductoro... Oval-shaped conductorre Single-wire conductorRm Multiple-wire conductorV Compact conductor

5


60332

60332

50267

61034

1

1

2

3

33333

1

2

2

2

1

2

COMPARISON OF FIRE TESTS EN, IEC, DIN VDE AND BS FLAME RETARDANCE

1

2

2

10

2122232425

1

2

3

Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - ApparatusTest for vertical flame propagation for a

single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for 1 kW pre-mixed flame

Test for vertical flame propagation for a single small insulated wire or

cable - Procedure for diffusion flame

Test for vertical flame spread of verticalmounted bunched wires or cables - Apparatus

Category A F/RCategory ACategory BCategory CCategory D

Test on gases evolved during combustion of materials from cables - Apparatus

Procedures: Determination of the amount of halogen acid gas

Procedures: Determination of degree of acidity of gases for materials by measuring pH and

conductivitiyProcedures: Determination of degree of acidity

of gases for cables by determination of the weighted average of pH and conductivity

Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions - Apparatus

Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions - Procedure

60332-1-1

1-2

2-2

60332-3-10

3-213-223-233-243-25

60754-1

1

2

2

61034-1

2

EN 60332-1-1

1-2

2-2

EN 60332-3-10

3-213-223-233-243-25

EN 50267-1

2-1

2-2

2-3

EN 61034-1

2

0482-332-1-1

332-2-1

332-2-2

0482-332-3-10

332-3-21332-3-22332-3-23332-3-24332-3-25

0482-267-1

267-2-1

267-2-2

267-2-3

0482-1034-1

1034-2

EN

EN

PART

PART

CLAUSE

CLAUSE

TITLE

TITLE

IEC

IEC

BS

BS

DIN VDE

DIN VDE

ZERO HALOGEN / CORROSIVINESS OF COMBUSTION GASES

SMOKE DENSITY

EN PART CLAUSE TITLE IEC BS DIN VDE

EN PART CLAUSE TITLE IEC BS DIN VDE

6


PERFORMANCE TEST OF USED ON TO ERVİTAL® CABLES

A sample cable of 600 mm will be fixed vertically in a metal chamber with exposed front side. A propane gas burner will be mounted in order to obtain a 45° angle with axis of the sample cable. The test time is dependent on the cable diameter. If the sample does not burn, or if the flame extinguishes itself, the test shall be deemed as successful.

The test samples are mounted on a steel ladder. The total number of test pieces in the test sample shall be that number required to provide a nominal total volume of non-metallic material of 7 l/m of test sample. The steel ladder is placed on the rear part of a test chamber having a with of 1 m, a depth of 2 m and a height of 4 m. The test chamber should be ventilated by an air vent. The test flame is applied on the sample cable for 40 min. The test is passed if the flames extinguish on their own and no part of the samples is damaged over a length of 2,5 m.

The volume of test chamber is 3m³ . The measurement system consists of a light source (a standard 100w halogen lamp) and a selenium or silicon photo-electric cell, both installed at a height of 2,15m. A rectangular tray will be filled with alcohol. A ventilator is used to ensure the distribution of smoke. The length of the test samples is 1m. The number of test samples depends on the outer diameter. The samples should be attached horizontally above the tray which is filled with alcohol. The ventilator is started and the alcohol is ignited. Light intensity is recorded by a plotter which is connected to the photocell. The test is passed if the level of light transmission does not exceed the values given in the following table during the test.

1- IEC 60332-1, VDE 0482-332-1-2, EN 60332-1-2, BS EN 60332-1-2 TEST FOR RESISTANCE TO VERTICALFLAME DIFFUSION OF A SINGLE INSULATED CONDUCTOR OR CABLE 1 KW PRE-MIXED FLAME

2- IEC 60332-3-22, VDE 0482-60332-3-22, EN 60332-3-22, BS EN 60332-3-22 (CAT A)TEST FOR VERTICAL FLAME DIFFUSION ON VERTICALLY FIXED WIRE OR CABLE BUNDLES

3- IEC 61034-2, VDE 0482-1034-2, EN 61034-2, BS EN 61034-2 MEASUREMENTOF SMOKE DENSITY OF CABLES BURNT UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS

OUTER DIAMETER (mm) FLAME DURATION SEC

OUTER DIAMETER (mm) NUMBER OF SAMPLE LIGHT TRANSMISSION

D<2525<D<7550<D<75

75<D

60 ± 2 120 ± 2 240 ± 2480 ± 2

123N1N2

>60%>60%>60%>60%>60%

N1=45D

N2= 453D

7


This test indirectly allows measuring emission of corrosive gas by insulation and sheath compounds. It is possible to measure small quantities of halogens during measurement of the pH-value and the conductivity. In a 500-600 mm long furnace, at least 1g of insulation or sheath compound should be heated up to a temperature of 935 °C.Air flow will ensure that combustion gases pass through a bottle filled with purified water. The test is passed if the pH-values is lower than 4,3 and the electrical conductivity does not exceed 100 S/cm.

This test determines insulation integrity under fire conditions. Cables which are tested according to these standards are marked as FE 180. 1,2 m long sample cable suitable for electrical connection, having outer sheath and other jackets, which are removed at both ends. The prepared sample will be fixed horizontally about 75mm above the burner. The samples will be connected (one 2 A fuse for each conductor) to a voltage source and will be tested with their rated voltage source, is slightly curled in order to prevent electrical contact. The burner is ignited and heated up to a temperature of at least 750°C by means of a thermocouple. The sample will be connected to electrical supply and placed into the flames. The sample will be tested during a period of 180. If none of the 2A fuses has blown during the test period, the test is passed.

This test is applied to cables having resident fire retardant properties used in emergency circuits such as alarm, lighting and communication. A single piece of cable is attached to a special fibre glass wall with cable at the minimum bending radius. It is burned with the 830°C propane burner. The rated tension values of the cable are applied on the conductors during the test. Every five minutes a mechanical shock of 25 kg is applied to the wall the cable is attached to. The tension values must be preserved during the test.

4- IEC 60754-1-2, VDE 0482-267-2-1, 2 and 3, EN 50267-2-1,2 and 3, BS EN 50267-2-1,2and 3 DETERMINATION OF HALOGEN ACID GAS, MEASUREMENT OF PH AND CONDUCTIVITY

5- IEC 60331-21/23 TEST ON INSULATION INTEGRITY

6- IEC 60331-1/2, VDE 0482-200, BS EN 50200, BS 8434-1,2 SPECIFICATION FOR PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR CABLES REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN CIRCUIT INTEGRITY UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS

8


GENERAL FEATURES OF CABLES WITH 450/750/V NOMINAL VOLTAGE AND THERMOPLASTICINSULATION AND SHEATH TS 9756 HD 21.1 S4 VDE 281/1 INSULATION :Insulation should be made up of the thermoplastic material stated for each type of cable TI 1, TI 2, TI 4, and TI 5types are suitable for maximum continuous temperature 70 ºC and PVC insulated cables.TI3 type is suitable for maximum continuous conductor temperature 90 ºC and PVC insulated cables.

SHEATH:Sheathing should be made up of the thermoplastic material stated for each type of cable.

-TM 1 type for PVC sheathed cables in fixed installation.-TM 2 type for PVC sheathed twistable cables.-TM 3 type for PVC sheathed heat resistant cables that conductor temperature does exceed 90 ºC-TM 5 type (H05VV5-F,H05VVC4V5-K) PVC sheathed and oil resistant cables.-TM 6 type for PVC sheathed cables resistant to low temperature.

APPLICATION:Sheath is extruded as a homogenous layer;a-Over the core for single core cables.b-Over the core groups ad filler or (if exists) over the inner sheath.

FEATURES OF SHEATH

INSULATION FEATURES

Max. continuous conductor temperatureMax. temperature for short circuit conditionsMin. thermal stability at 200°C

TEST

°C°C

minute

UNIT

TI 1

70160

-

TYPE OF COMPOSITION

70160

-

90160240

TI 2

70160

-

TI 3

70160

-

TI 4 TI 5

Plunge into mineral oilTemperature of oilPlunge timeMin. thermal stability at 200°C

Voltage applied on semi-finished cables (aa)Voltage applied on cores (aa)Wall thickness up to 0,60mmWall thickness above 0,60mmLong term resistance of insulation to direct currentTemperature of waterVoltage applied

TEST

TEST

-°C

hoursminute

VVVV

°CV

UNITE

UNITE

TM 1

----

TYPE OF COMPOSITION

RATED VOLTAGE OF CABLES

----

---

240

TM 2

----

TM 3

-90±270x24

-

----

TM 4

2000

15002000

60±5220

300/300V

TM 5

2000

15002000

60±5220

300/500V

TM 6

2500

2000

60±5220

450/750V

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES

9


CABLE CORE COLOURS ACCORDING VDE 0293, TS HD 308 S2

Cables and cordons with green-yellow core

Cables and cordons are without green-yellow core

a: Only for determined applicationsb: Common center conductor that not insulated like metallic sheath, armour or screen wires did not take attention as a corein this table. Common center conductor is described with self position, because of this it is not required to describe with a colour

a: Only for determined applicationsb: Common center conductor that not insulated like metallic sheath, armour or screen wires did not take attention as a corein this table. Common center conductor is described with self position, because of this it is not required to describe with a colour

Single core cables:

Following colours should be used for insulation of sheathed single core cables and insulated conductors:-Two colours from green-yellow compound for protective conductor.-Blue is for neutral conductor black, brown or grey are recommended for phase conductors. Other colour can use for determined applications.

344a5

CORE NUMBER

Green-YellowGreen-YellowGreen-YellowGreen-Yellow

Protector

CORES COLOURSb

Energy

Blue

BlueBlue

BrownBrownBrownBrown

BlackBlackBlack

Grey

Grey

2 3

3a

45

CORE NUMBER

Blue

BlueBlueBlue

Protector

CORES COLOURSb

Energy

BrownBrownBrownBrownBrown

BlackBlackBlackBlack

Grey

GreyGrey Black

10


1- Identification of not individually pairs

-Two pair collectively screened cables are in quad formation colour coded in rotation black, blue,green, brown -Single triple will be blue , black, green

All other cables up to 50 pairs conform to the coding of following table:

PAS 5308 PART-1 MULTIPAIR COLOUR CODE

PAIR NO A WIRE B WIRE PAIR NO A WIRE B WIRE

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425

BLACKBLACKBLUE

BLACKBLUE

GREENBLACKBLUE

GREENBROWNBLACKBLUE

GREENBROWNWHITEBLACKBLUE

GREENBROWNWHITE

REDBLACKBLUE

GREENBROWN

BLUEGREENGREENBROWNBROWNBROWNWHITEWHITEWHITEWHITE

REDREDREDREDRED

ORANGEORANGEORANGEORANGEORANGEORANGEYELLOWYELLOWYELLOWYELLOW

26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950

WHITERED

ORANGEBLACKBLUE

GREENBROWNWHITE

REDORANGEYELLOWBLACKBLUE

GREENBROWNWHITE

REDORANGEYELLOW

GREYBLACKBLUE

GREENBROWNWHITE

YELLOWYELLOWYELLOW

GREYGREYGREYGREYGREYGREYGREYGREY

VIOLETVIOLETVIOLETVIOLETVIOLETVIOLETVIOLETVIOLETVIOLET

TURQUOISETURQUOISETURQUOISETURQUOISETURQUOISE

2- Individually screened pairs- Screened pairs are identified by a numbered tape under the separator tapes of the pair screens- Each pair has one black and one blue core

11


1- Identification of not individually screened pairs

-Two pair collectively screened cables are in quad formation colour coded in rotation: Black, blue, green, brown -Single triple will be blue, white, orange

All other cables up to 50 pairs conform to the coding of following table:

PAS 5308 PART-2 MULTIPAIR COLOUR CODE

PAIR NO A WIRE B WIRE PAIR NO A WIRE B WIRE

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425

WHITEWHITEWHITEWHITEWHITE

REDREDREDREDRED

BLACKBLACKBLACKBLACKBLACK

YELLOWYELLOWYELLOWYELLOWYELLOW

WHITE/BLUEWHITE/BLUEWHITE/BLUEWHITE/BLUEWHITE/BLUE

BLUEORANGEGREENBROWN

GREYBLUE

ORANGEGREENBROWN

GREYBLUE

ORANGEGREENBROWN

GREYBLUE

ORANGEGREENBROWN

GREYBLUE

ORANGEGREENBROWN

GREY

26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950

RED/BLUERED/BLUERED/BLUERED/BLUERED/BLUE

BLUE/BLACKBLUE/BLACKBLUE/BLACKBLUE/BLACKBLUE/BLACK

YELLOW/BLUEYELLOW/BLUEYELLOW/BLUEYELLOW/BLUEYELLOW/BLUE

WHITE/ORANGEWHITE/ORANGEWHITE/ORANGEWHITE/ORANGEWHITE/ORANGE

ORANGE/REDORANGE/REDORANGE/REDORANGE/REDORANGE/RED


GREYBLUE

ORANGEGREENBROWN

GREYBLUE

ORANGEGREENBROWN

GREYBLUE

ORANGEGREENBROWN

GREYBLUE

ORANGEGREENBROWN

GREY

2- Individually screened pairs- Screened pairs are identified by a numbered tape under the separator tapes of the pair screens- Each pair has one black and one blue core

3-Identification of coresCore 1 to 40: Yellow with black printed numbercore 41 to 80: Black with white printed number

12


12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031

CORE NO

WHITEBROWNGREEN

YELLOWGREYPINKBLUERED

BLACKVIOLET

GREY-PINKRED-BLUE

WHITE-GREENBROWN-GREENWHITE-YELLOW

YELLOW-BROWNWHITE-GREY

GREY-BROWNWHITE-PINK

PINK-BROWNWHITE-BLUE

BROWN-BLUEWHITE-RED

BROWN-REDWHITE-BLACK

BROWN-BLACKGREY-GREEN

YELLOW-GREYPINK-GREEN

YELLOW-PINKGREEN-BLUE

COLOURS FOR THE CORES

323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061

CORE NO

YELLOW-BLUEGREEN-RED

YELLOW-REDGREEN-BLACK

YELLOW-BLACKGREY-BLUEPINK-BLUEGREY-REDPINK-RED

GREY-BLACKPINK-BLACKBLUE-BLACKRED-BLACK

WHITE-BROWN-BLACKYELLOW-GREEN-BLACK

GREY-PINK-BLACKRED-BLUE-BLACK

WHITE-GREEN-BLACKBROWN-GREEN-BLACKWHITE-YELLOW-BLACK

YELLOW-BROWN-BLACKWHITE-GREY-BLACK

GREY-BROWN-BLACKWHITE-PINK-BLACK

PINK-BROWN-BLACKWHITE-BLUE-BLACK

BROWN-BLUE-BLACKWHITE-RED-BLACK

BROWN-RED-BLACKBLACK-WHITE


COLOUR CODE BASED ON DIN 47100 (Without colour repetition)

13


12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031

CORE NO

WHITEBROWNGREEN


BLACKVIOLET

GREY-PINKRED-BLUE



GREY-BROWNWHITE-PINK

PINK-BROWNWHITE-BLUE

BROWN-BLUEWHITE-RED

BROWN-REDWHITE-BLACK

BROWN-BLACKGREY-GREEN

YELLOW-GREENPINK-GREEN

YELLOW-PINKGREEN-BLUE


323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061

CORE NO

YELLOW-BLUEGREEN-RED

YELLOW-REDGREEN-BLACK

YELLOW-BLACKGREY-BLUEPINK-BLUEGREY-REDPINK-RED

GREY-BLACKPINK-BLACKBLUE-BLACKRED-BLACK

WHITEBROWNGREEN


BLACKVIOLET

GREY-PINKRED-BLUE



COLOUR FOR THE CORES

COLOUR CODE ACCORDING TO 47100(With colour repetition from core no 45 and above )

14


12345678910111213141516171819202122

23242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

45464748495051525354555657585960616263646566

PAIR NUMBER

WHITEGREENGREYBLUE

BLACKGREY-PINK

WHITE-GREENWHITE-YELLOW

WHITE-GREYWHITE-PINKWHITE-BLUEWHITE-RED

WHITE-BLACKGREY-GREENPINK-GREENGREEN-BLUEGREEN-RED

GREEN-BLACKGREY-BLUEGREY-RED

GREY-BLACKBLUE-BLACK

COLOUR OF THE PAIRS

a-Core

BROWNYELLOW

PINKRED

VIOLETRED-BLUE

BROWN-GREENYELLOW-BROWN

GREY-BROWNPINK-BROWNBROWN-BLUEBROWN-RED

BROWN-BLACKYELLOW-GREYYELLOW-PINKYELLOW-BLUEYELLOW-RED

YELLOW-BLACKPINK-BLUEPINK-RED

PINK-BLACKRED-BLACK

b-Core

COLOUR CODE ACCORDING TO DIN 47100 (Twisted pairs)

15


Pair Numbera-coreb-core

BASIC COLOURS OF PAIRS

4WhiteBlack

3GreenBrown

2Grey

Yellow

1BlueRed

248121620324052

Pair Number Sub-group 1. Layer 2. Layer

------7810

142345123

Star guadPair

4 Pairs Sub-unit4 Pairs Sub-unit4 Pairs Sub-unit4 Pairs Sub-unit4 Pairs Sub-unit4 Pairs Sub-unit4 Pairs Sub-unit

J-Y(St)Y…Lg FIRE ALARM AND COMMUNICATION CABLESColour Code According To DIN VDE 0815

J-H(St)H…Bd FEATURES

2 paired installation cables are stranded as star guad1. Pair: a-core Red b-core Black2. Pair: a-core White b-core Yellow

4 and multi-paired installation cables:a-core of first pair in each layer is Red, other pairs are Whiteb-core: Blue, Yellow, Green, Brown, Black in continuous repetation

In order: From outside to inside

BlueYellowGreenBrownBlack

b-wire Pair Number

3132333435

2122232425

1617181920

1112131415

678910

12345

2627282930

3637383940

4142434445

4647484950

16


12345678910

GROUP NR.

WHITEWHITEWHITEWHITEWHITE

REDREDREDREDRED

COLOURS OF INSULATION

A-WIRE


GREYBLUE

ORANGEGREENBROWN

GREY

B-WIRE

12345678910

GROUP NR.


GREYWHITE-BLUE

WHITE-ORANGEWHITE-GREENWHITE-BROWN

WHITE-GREY

COLOURS OFIDENTIFICATION TABE

INDOOR TYPE TELEPHONE CABLES

(VBV & VBV-K / HBH & HBH-K / VBAPV & VBAPV-K / HBAPH & HBAPH-K / PDV & PDV-K)

INSULATION COLOURS OF GROUPWITH TEN PAIRS

CORE ARRANGEMENT

1234610203050100200

GROUP NR. CORE ARRANGEMENT 1. Layer 2. Layer

-----7---7-

2. Layer

-----------

-----7---7-

PAIRPAIRPAIRPAIRPAIRPAIR

10 PAIR Sub-group10 PAIR Sub-group10 PAIR Sub-group10 PAIR Sub-group50 PAIR Sub-group

17


GENERAL STRUCTURE OF PD-PAP TELEPHONE CABLES (STAR QUAD)

WHITE

REDBLACK

BLUEBLUE QUAD (1)

WHITE

RED

RED

5

4 3

2

1

BLACK

ORANGEORANGE QUAD (2)

WHITE

REDBLACK

GREENGREEN QUAD (3)

WHITE

BLACK

BROWNBROWN QUAD (4)

WHITE

REDBLACK

GREYGREY QUAD (5)

18


INDENTIFICATION TABEOF GROUP AND SUB GROUP

GROUP NO COLOURS OFIDENTIFICATION TABE

12345678910


GREYWHITE-BLUE

WHITE-ORANGEWHITE-GREENWHITE-BROWN

WHITE-GREY

50 PAIRS IDENTIFICATION TABE OF UNIT AND SUBGROUP

GROUP NO COLOURS OFIDENTIFICATION TABE

1234


30 Pair core(3 Sub-group)




(4x50 Pair group)


19


20

METRIC SIZES STANDARD FLEXIBLE CONDUCTORSVDE 0295; IEC 60228; EN 60228

56

565555

5

5

5

55555555555555

0,050,220,50,50,50,5

0,650,750,751,01,251,351,52,02,53,04,04,56810162535507095120150185240300400500

0,30,60,9

0,930,940,98

1,11,141,121,341,471,51,61,872,092,42,612,83,213,754,25,37,18,510,312,414,516,018,020,023,026,030,033,5

7X0,107X0,207X0,3016X0,2028X0,15

151X0,06514X0,2524X0,2042X0,1532X0,2040X0,2019X0,3030X0,2528X0,3050X0,2544X0,3056X0,3065X0,3084X0,30120X0,3080X0,40128X0,40200X0,40280X0,40400X0,40356X0,50485X0,50120X0,30765X0,50944X0,501225X0,501530X0,502034X0,501768X0,60

0,52,04,54,54,54,55,86,76,78,911,112,013,417,822,32736405371891422233124456238461068133516472136267035604450

CLASS OFCONDUCTOR

CROSS-SECTIONALAREAmm2

STRANDING NO.WIRES-SIZEWIRES

mm

NOMINAL DIAMETER OF CONDUCTOR

mm

NOMINAL WEIGHTkg/km


21

CONSTRUCTION OF THE CU WIRE CONDUCTORVDE 0295; IEC 60228; EN 60228

0,0350,050,080,090,140,250,340,380,50,751,01,52,54610162535507095120150185240300400500630

--------

7x0,307x0,377x0,437x0,527x0,677x0,857x1,057x1,357x1,707x2,137x2,5219x1,8319x2,1719x2,5237x2,0337x2,2737x2,5261x2,2461x2,5061x2,8961x3,2391x2,97

-14x0,07

-24x0,0736x0,0765x0,0788x0,07100x0,07131x0,07195x0,07260x0,07392x0,07615x0,07

1040x0,071560x0,072600x0,074116x0,076370x0,079100x0,07

-----------

---

7x0,12418x0,1032x0,1042x0,1048x0,1064x0,1096x0,10128x0,10192x0,10320x0,10512x0,10768x0,10128x0,10

2048x0,103200x0,104410x0,10

-----------

----

18x0,1032x0,1042x0,1021x0,1528x0,1542x0,1556x0,1584x0,15140x0,15224x0,15192x0,20320x0,20512x0,20800x0,201120x0,40705x0,30990x0,301340x0,301690x0,302123x0,301470x0,401905x0,402385x0,40

---

7x0,08-----

7x0,257x0,277x0,307x0,377x0,437x0,5219x0,4119x0,5219x0,6449x0,5149x0,6584x0,62133x0,58113x0,69189x0,69259x0,69336x0,67392x0,69494x0,69627x0,70790x0,70

--

2228x0,60

-----

18x0,1014x0,1519x0,1512x0,2016x0,2024x0,2032x0,2030x0,2550x0,2556x0,3084x0,3080x0,40128x0,40200x0,40280x0,40400x0,40356x0,50485x0,50614x0,50765x0,50944x0,501225x0,501530x0,702034x0,501768x0,60

-26x0,05

--

72x0,05128x0,05174x0,05194x0,05256x0,05384x0,05512x0,05768x0,05128x0,05

-----------------

CrossSection

Multiple WireRound Conductor

Vde 0295Class 2

Column1

Multi StrandedWires Standard

Construction

Column 2

Finely StrandedWires

VDE 0295Class5

Column 3

Extra fine stranded wires

Standard construction

Column5

Column6

Column6

VDE 0295Class56

Column4


22

CLASS 2 STRANDED CONDUCTORS FOR SINGLE AND MULTI-CORE CABLES

a) These sizes are non-preferred. Other non-preferred sizes are recognized for some specialized applications but are not within the scope of this TS EN 60228 standard.b) The minimum number of wires for these sizes is not specified. These sizes may be constructed from 4, 5 or 6 equalsegments (Milliken).c) For stranded aluminium alloy conductors having the same nominal cross-sectional area as an aluminium conductor the resistance value should be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Nominalcross-sectional

area mm2

Circular Circular compressedThe number of conductor wires Conductor resistance at 20 ° C

Formatted Bare copperΩ / km

Tinned copperΩ / km

Aluminum andaluminum alloy

conductorsΩ / kmCu Al Cu Al Cu Al

0,50,75

11,52,546101625355070951201501852403004005006308001200

1400a

16001800a

20002500

77777777777191919373737376161619191bbbbbb

---6666666661215181830343453535353bbbbbb

--------666612151818303434535353bbbbbbb

-------7777191919373737376161619191bbbbbb

------6666661215151530303053535353bbbbbb

--------666612151515303030535353bbbbbbb

3624,518,112,17,414,613,081,831,15

0,7270,5240,3870,2680,1930,1530,124

0,09910,07540,06010,047

0,03660,02830,02210,01510,01290,01130,01010,0090,0072

36,724,818,212,27,564,73,111,841,16

0,7540,5290,3910,270,1950,1540,126

0,10,07620,06070,04750,03690,02860,02240,01510,01290,01130,01010,0090,0072

------

3,081,911,2

0,8680,6410,4430,32

0,2530,2060,1640,125

0,10,07780,06050,04690,03670,02910,02470,02120,01860,0165001490,0127


CONDUCTOR RESISTANCE VALUES ACCORDING TO VDE 0295 EN 60228/IEC 60228

Nominalcross-sectional

area mm2

Copper Conductors

Power cables and wiresConductorDimension

Welding cables

Copper Conductors

0,050,080,090,140,200,250,340,500,75

11,502,50

4610162535507095120150185240300400500630

Ω/km Ω/km

Tinned wires

Class1 Class5Class2 Class6

-------

36,7024,8018,2012,207,564,703,111,841,16

0,7340,5290,3910,2700,1950,1540,126

0,12600,07620,06070,04750,03690,0286

Ω/km Ω/km

~380~240~230~140~96,8~79,3~57,140,1026,7020,0013,708,215,093,391,501,24

0,7950,5650,3930,2770,2100,1640,1320,108

0,08170,06540,04950,03910,0292

Ω/km Ω/km

Bare wires

Class1 Class5Class2 Class6

-------

36,0024,5018,1012,107,414,613,081,831,15

0,7270,5240,3870,2680,1930,1530,124

0,09910,07540,06010,04700,03660,0283

~360~230~215~138~95~78~56

39,0026,0019,5013,307,984,953,331,911,21

0,7800,5540,3860,2720,2060,1610,1290,106

0,08010,06410,04860,03840,0287

Ω/km Ω/km

Aluminium Conductors

Bare wires

Class1 Class2

----------------

1,2000,8680,6410,4430,3200,2530,2060,1640,1250,100

---

---------------

1,9101,2000,8680,6410,4430,3200,2530,2060,1640,1250,100

0,07780,06050,0469

BareWires

TinnedWires

---------------

1,1600,7580,5360,3790,2680,1980,1550,1250,102

-----

---------------

1,1900,7800,5520,3910,2760,2040,1590,1290,105

-----

23


AWGAMERICAN WIRE GAUGE (SOLID COPPER WIRES)

403938373635343332313029282726252423222120191818171616141412121210

0,00490,00620,00810,01030,01270,01590,02010,02550,03240,04010,05070,06490,08060,1020,1280,1620,2050,2590,3240,4110,5190,6530,8230,8971,041,311,312,082,083,313,3

3,085,26

0,0790,0890,1020,1140,1270,1420,160,18

0,2030,2260,2540,2870,320,3610,4040,4550,5110,5740,6430,7240,8130,9121,021,221,151,291,471,631,85

2,0522,0521,992,59

0,04330,05520,07200,09120,1130,1410,1790,2280,2890,3570,4510,5760,7160,908

1,141,441,822,312,893,664,615,87,328,269,2411,611,818,518,929,530,128,946,8

35402780213016801360108085767553243034026621416913510684,266,653,241,933,226,4

2121,216,613,613,68,288,565,215,385,593,28

CLASSCONDUCTOR

(AWG)

CROSSSECTIONAL

mm2

NOMINAL DIAMETER OFCONDUCTOR

mm

NOMINALWEIGHTkg/km

WIRE RESISTANCE(Ω/km)20 ° C

24


AMERICAN WIRE GAUGE (STRANDED COPPER WIRE)

363432323030282827262626242424222222202020202018181818181616161616141414141212121210101010

0,1520,1910,2360,2540,3050,3050,3810,4060,4320,4830,5330,5080,6100,6100,6100,5840,7620,7870,7620,9650,9400,9400,9141,9651,2201,1901,2401,1901,1901,5201,4701,5001,5001,5001,9301,8001,9101,9102,4402,3602,4102,4102,9203,0503,000

0,0060,075

0,00930,0100,0120,0120,0150,0160,0170,0190,0210,0200,0240,0240,0240,0230,0300,0310,0300,0380,0370,0370,0360,0380,0480,0470,0490,0470,0470,0600,0580,0590,0590,0590,0760,0710,0750,0750,0960,0930,0950,0950,1150,1200,118

7 x 447 x 427 x 40

19 x 447 x 38

19 x 427 x 36

19 x 407 x 357 x 34

10 x 3619 x 387 x 32

10 x 3419 x 36

42 x 407 x 30

19 x 3426 x 36

7 x 2810 x 3019 x 32

26 x 3442 x 36

7 x 2616 x 3019 x 3042 x 3465 x 36

7 x 2419 x 2926 x 3065 x 34

105 x 367 x 22

19 x 2642 x 30

105 x 347 x 20

19 x 2565 x 30

165 x 3437 x 2665 x 28

105 x 30

0,0140,0220,0340,0350,0570,0590,0890,0900,1100,1410,1260,1550,2270,2000,2400,2050,3550,3820,3300,5630,5060,6140,5220,5310,8970,8100,9630,8440,8221,4301,2281,3161,3061,3292,2712,4342,1272,1103,3603,0873,2913,3154,7405,2245,317

0,2490,3970,6390,6390,9970,9971,5881,5882,0142,5262,5262,5264,0324,0324,0324,0326,3886,3886,38810,19110,18110,18110,18110,18116,17516,17516,17516,17516,17525,75625,75625,75625,75625,75641,01241,01241,01261,16061,16061,160103,613103,613103,613103,613103,613

1360,6856,0538,4538,4367,4367,4232,0232,0182,4145,6145,6145,690,890,890,890,857,457,457,435,735,735,735,735,722,722,722,722,722,714,214,214,214,214,28,958,958,958,955,615,615,613,543,543,543,54

GAUGE(AWG)

STRANDING(NOM. AWG)

APPROX OD. CROSS-SECTIONmm2INCHES mm

WEIGHTkg/km

WIRE RESISTANCE(Ω/km)20 ° C

25


CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY OF FLEXIBLE CABLES

0,080,140,250,340,50,75

11,52,54610162535507095120150185240300400500

0,51,52,53,551316202736476587115143178220265310355405480555

--

------

1016202535506380100125160200250

------

2,56

8,5910111216212735486588110140175210250

------

-----

1016202535506380100125160224250300355355425500

--

-6

8,5101216202534455778104137168210260310365415475560645770890

-----

16202535506380100125160200250310355425425500600630850

MEASUREmm2

CURRENT CARRYINGCAPACITY

A

FUSE

A


A

FUSE

A


A

FUSE

A

GROUP 1One or more single-core cablesinstalled in conduitNominal

CrossSection

GROUP 2Multi-core cables e.g. plasticsheathed cables, Building cable, mobile cables

GROUP 3Single-core cables freely installed in air, hereby the cables are installed with in termediate spaces of the cable diameter as a minimum, as well as single-core wiring in switching and distribution systems

26


27

LOGISTICSErse serves with the latest technology packaging, wrapping and cutting machines in its separate logistics warehouse with 2800 m2 storing capacity so can make more effective logistic activities.Erse aims to make protective packaging for the cables that facilitates and accelerates the logistics activities of the business partners. The cables in accordance with international standards of production and transport are packaged and shipped pursuant to customer needs. Upon request from the customers, technical knowhow and support on the most suitable package types and cable lengths are provided. Erse does not require an additional fee from its customers for the standard packaging within its framework of logistics.

Heat Treatment Assurance: Only heat treated drums and pallets are used in our export products.

Incoterms: The shipping is made in accordance with Incoterms rules within the framework of mutual understanding with our customers.

Wooden drums

Cardboard box Pallet Euro Pallet

Plywood drums Plastic drums Coils with shrink

OUR PACKAGE TYPES


28

WOODEN DRUMS (STANDARD)

MD-40MD-50MD-60

60708090100120140160180200

400500600630710800900100012501400160018002000

20025030031535540045050063071080010001250

4045505680808080808080100100

310350350415520520690710890890110011001350

2502903003154004005605606706708508401045

10015020025025040075090017002000300040005000

3451725314771

144175280380550

DRUM CODENUMBER

Fdmm

Bdmm

Admm

L1mm

L2mm

MAXIMUM CARRYING CAPACITY

kgDRUM WEIGHT

kg

Fd:Flange DiameterAd:Arbor Hole DiameterBd:Barrel DiameterL1:OverallWindingWidthL2:Inner Winding Width

MAX. CARRYING CAPACITANCE OF DRUMS DEPEND ON OUTER DIAMETER OF CABLESCABLE

Dmm

MD40

MD50

MD60 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200

67891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768

42031023518515014

100

735540430335270230195165140

130115

1070780590465385330270235210185160145

130120

11108406404703883152542381901801401341029692906562605856

20241480106489068056447038536030023922821817216515912211711311080787673

70

27552340146311529807606435424544303582942802282202101671601561501161131091061037674

72

2730

22021768140412061032880749632603505485402387315304294285226220215209162157153150146108

105103

2866234919101540133911591000860736705599576485468389377365299290282226220214209204158154150148144110105102

10

27272265

199017561545135511841139990856827709688668567550462450438428352344336329265259254249244190187183180177174130127125

123120

2967

24802205196017371535135213041145999967839814700680663564550537450440430422348340334327264259254249254240187184180178175172170126124122121119117

22272435

21721930187016571608142012441210118010281003866846828710692678664560549539529437430422415408330325139314310305230235232228225222220216160158156154

152150

2830

252722482172192718671650145014101370120011661009985962824806788722653640627615510502492484475386380373367360356280276270267263260256252190187184182180178174

2954

26082522221821501880182615831540150012891257122710401017994972812795779763750610600589578568558442435428420414408400304300295290287282280275270266264


29


30

D.C VOLTAGE DROPS

A.C SINGLE PHASE VOLTAGE

A.C THREE PHASE VOLTAGE

POWER CONVERSION FACTOR

REACTANCE: INDUCTANCE: IMPEDANCE:

V drop = 2 x l x L x R l = Face Current (A)L = Length (km)R = Maximum conductor temperature, the resistance value of the expected (Ω/km)X = Reactance (Ω/km)Cos Ø = Power Factorf = Frequency(Hz)Z = Impedance (Ω/km)

V drop = 2 x l x L (RCos Ø + X Sin Ø) d = Conductor Diameter (mm) l = Conductor Length (m)

V drop = 3x l x L x (RCos Ø + X Sin Ø)

Sin Ø= 1 - Cos2 Ø

NOTE: Calculations Power Factor (Cos Ø) 0.8 Surface Current (I) 1 A and Length (L) is taken as 1 km.

x = 2 x x f x L x l L=0,2 x [In(2a) + 0,25 ] 106d

Z= R2+X2

ELECTRICAL CALCULATIONS AND FORMULAS

SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT

GENERAL FORMULA:

FORMULA 1 :

FORMULA 2 :

XLPE and the HF90 standards for materialstemperature Tk = & Tb = 90 º C to 250 º C, respectively.These values are placed instead of the formula, the general formula for XLPE and HF90 materials;

tThe standards for PVC materialstemperature Tk = & Tb = 70 º C to 150 º C, respectively.PVC materials of general formula wherein the values for the orthogonality;

lk = 146

lk = 31,66

IK= 226 S 234+Tk lk = Short-circuit current (kA)S = Cross section (mm2)T = Short circuit time (sec)Tk= The expected maximum conductor temperature (short time)(ºC)Tb= Maximum conductor temperature is expected (normal conditions) (ºC)

S t

S

tIn

234+Tb

0,6 / 1 kV + 90 ºC ship type cables short-circuit current formula.

MAX. CARRYING DISTANCE OF VARIOUS POWER IN DETERMINED VOLTAGE DROP ACCORDINGTO CABLE CROSS SECTION (3-380 V THREE PHASES)

Power

kW Cos Ø

CurrentPower

A

CROSS SECTION mm2

1,5 2,5 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 185 240

2,53

3,54

4,55678910121416182025303540455060708090100110130150180200250300

0.82

0.85

567891012141618192327313537465565728393107125143160180197232268320350405500

240200170150135120100857566

4003302852502232001661421251101008275

64053545540035332026522520017516013311310088

80068560053048040034030026524020017015013012095

1000890800670570500445400335285250220200160130115100

1070920800725640535460400355320255215189160140

11201000835720630560500400335285250220200160

11701050880780700560470400350310280220

1000800670570500445400335285250220200

805705625560470400350310280255228

850770635550480425380340290250

800690600535480440370320265

755670600550465400335300

740675570495410370295

640535480385310


31


32

MAX. CARRYING DISTANCE OF VARIOUS POWER IN DETERMINED VOLTAGE DROPACCORDING TO CABLE CROSS SECTION (U-220 V SINGLE PHASE)

Cross Section mm2Power

kW

22.53

3.54

4.556789101214161820253040

CurrentPower

A

911141618212327323641465564728291114136180

1,5

30242017151312

2,5

50403329252220161513

4

54494035322623201716

6

6960534840343026242017

10

80675750454038282523

16

92807264544640353226

25

10083716255504033

35

100887870564736

VOLTAGE DROP: %AU = 3

CONVERSION TABLES

1 centimeter (cm)1 meter (m)1 kilometer (km)1 Inch (in)1 foot1 yard1 state mile1 naut mile

1 gram (gr)1 kilogram (kg)1 tone (metric)1 ounce (oz)1 libre (lb.)1 stone1 small tone1 big tone

Length

WEIGHT

1100105

2,54030,4891,44

--

11000

-28,35453,66530

907,1901106050

cm.

gr.

0,011

10000,254

0,30480,914410691852

0.0011

10000,0280,4546,35

907,21016

m.

kg.

0,393739,3739370

11236

6334672913

0,033235,2735274

116

2243200035,840

Inch(In)

ounce

-0,001

1---

1,6091,852

-0,001

1--

0,00640,9071,016

Km.

Metricton

--

0,6214---1

1152

-0,00111,1023

--

0,0071

1,120

StateMile

Shortton

--

0,5396---

0,8684-

-0,000980,9842

--

0,00630,8929

1

Bigton

0,03283,2813281

0,83313

52806080

-2,205

2204,60,0625

114

20002240

Foot(ft)

Librepound

-1,0941094

0,02780,3333

117602027

-0,157157,470,0040,071

1142,9160

1 square centimeter (cm²)1 square meter (m²)1 Ar (a)1 hectare (ha)1 square kilometer (km²)1 square inch1 square foot (ft²)1 squre yard1 square mile1 acre

1 cubic centimeter (cm³)1 cubic decimeter (dm³)1 cubic inch (in³)1 cubic foot ft³1 cubic yard1 ounce (USA)1 ounce (UK)1 galon (USA)1 galon (UK)1 pint (UK)

Yard(yd)

stone

AREA

VOLUME

11000

---

6,4529298361

--

cm2

1100016,39

--

29,5728,4137854546568,2

cm3

0,00011

1001000

--

0,09290,8361

-4050

m2

0,0011

0,016428,32764,6

0,022960,02843,7854,546

0,5682

dm3

liter

--

0,011

100---

2590,405

ha

-0,035

-1

27--

0,13370,16030,02

ft3

-0,01

1100

1000----

40,5

a (Ar)

0,06161,02

11728

466561,8051,734231

277,434,68

in3

-10,761076

---19-

43640

ft2

0,35335,3

0,5768966,6

26,9091,041

1133,216020

USAounce

---

2,470,3861

----

0,0016

mil2

-0,22

-6,232168,2

--

0,83271

0,125

UKgallon

--

0,0247-

247,1---

6401

Acre

-1,76

0,028849,831345

0,05200,056,662

81

UKpint

-1,196119,6

0,0039--

0,1111-

4850

Yard2

-0,2462

-7,481202

--1

1,2010,1501

USAgallon

---

0,011---

2,59-

km2

---

0,03701-----

Yard3

0,1551550

---1

1441296

--

in2

0,03833,81

0,5541957,525853

10,9607

128153,719,21

UKounce


33

NautMile

34

ABBREVATIONS OF STANDARDS ASSOCIATED ACCORDING TO COUNTRIES

AFNORANSIASTMBASECBSI(BS)BVCATVCEBECCEECEICENCENELECCNETCNOMOCMACSACSTBDEMKODINDKEECMCELOTEICENERAESIFARFTZGOSTHDHNICEAIECIEE

FranceUsaUsaUkUkFranceInt.BelgiumInt.ItalyEccEccFranceFranceUkCanadaFranceDen.Den.Ger.UkUkGreeceGer.Ger.UkUsaGer.UssrInt.FranceUsaEuropeUk

Association Française De NormalisationAmerican National Standarsd InstutieAmerican Standard of Testing MaterialsBritish Approvals Service For Electric CablesBritish Standard InstitutionBureau VeritasCommunity Antenna TelevisionComite Electrotechinique BelgeCommission on Rules for the aproval Electrical EquipmentComitato Electotechnico Belge ItalianoEuropean Committ ee For StrdardisationComite Europeen De Normalisation Electrotechn guessCntre National d’’etude de TelecommuicationComite de Normalisation des Moyens de ProductionCable Makers AssociationCanadian Standars ApprovalCentre Scientifique et Technique du BatimentDenmarks Eletrische Materiel ControlDeutches Institute Für NormungDeutsche Elekrotechische Kommission imDIN undVDEElectric Cable Makers ConfderationHellenic Organisat on For StandardisationEnergy Industries CouncilEuropean StandardsElectrical Research AssociationElectrocal Supply IndustryFederal Air RegulationFernmedetechnisches ZentralamtUSRR-StandardsHarmonisierrugs-DokumateHarmonization des NormesInsulated Cable Engineers AssocationInternational Electrotechnical CommissionInstitue Of Electrical Engineers

IEEEIMQISDNISOKEMALCIELLOYDSLPCMESCMILNECNENNFNFCNEMANEMKONPNSAIOCMAÖVESEMKOSETISEVSNVTSEUKOOAULUNELUNIUSEVDEVDEWZVEHZVEI

Institue Of Electrical And Electronic EngineersInstituto Italiano Del Macho D QualitaIntegraded Services Digital NetworkInternational Standard OrganisationKeuring van Electrotechnische MaterialenLaboratorie Central des Industries ElectriquesLloyds Register Of ShipingLoss Prevention CouncilMaterial And Equipment Standardsand CodeUnited States Millitary SpecificationNational Electrical CodeNederlands Normalisatie-InstituutNormes FrançaisesNormes Françaises Class CNational Electrical Manufacturer AssociationNorks Electrisk Materiell ControllPortuguese Da QualidadeNational Standards Authorty of IrlandOil Companies Meterials AssociationÖsterreichischer Vrband für ElectrotechnikSveska Electr ska Materiel KontrollanstaltenElektriska InspektoratetSchweizerischer Electontechnicher VereinSchweizerischer NormenverbandTurkish Standard InstitueUk Offshore Operators AssociationUnderwiters LaboratoriesUnifiazione ElectretechniaUnifiazione Nationale ItalianoUnion Techniqe del”electr te(Ute)Verband Deustcher ElktrotechnikerVereiningung Deuscher Elektrizitatswerke e.VZentralverband der Deutschen ElektrohandwerkeZentralverband der Electrotechnic-und Electonic

UkItalyInt.GlobalNetherlandsFranceUkUkNetherlandsUsaUsaNetherlandsFranceFranceUsaNorwayPortugalIrelandUkAustriaSweedenFinlandSwitzerlandSwitzerlandTurkeyUkUsaItalyItalyFranceGer.Ger.Ger.Ger.

SHORTNAME

EXPANSION COUNTRY SHORTNAME

EXPANSION


COUNTRY

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY AND CABLES · TECHNICAL INFORMATION ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY AND...

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