BalPure™Electrolytic

Ballast Water Treatment

System

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• Installed Base of SANILEC systems producing over 1 million pounds per day of chlorine equivalent worldwide

• Severn Trent DeNora accounts for 65% of the worldwide operating on-site hypochlorite capacity

• Over 400 systems operating in 59 countries• Offshore applications 21 different size systems

capable of producing from 3 to 2400 pounds per day of hypochlorite

• Installations since 1974

Experience

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Chemistry of electrolyzing sodium chloride

NaCl + H2O + 2e-

--->

NaOCl + H2

Salt+Water+Energy = Hypochlorite+Hydrogen

Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

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• Seawater slip stream enters one end of the electrolytic generator

• DC electric current is passed between electrodes through the Seawater to generate products

• Hydrogen removed while hypochlorite and seawater injected into main ballast line

• Br (Bromine) in Seawater reacts to form OBr -(Hypobromite) and HOBr (hypobromous acid)

• HOBr acts as an aggressive disinfectant when injected back into the main ballast line

How Does It Work ?Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

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Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

Typical Severn Trent DeNora Double Cell Generating Skid

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• Efficacy of Halogens for disinfection is well established• Electrochemical oxidation is a well proven technology with 30 years

experience in the offshore industry, marine, and coastal power plants• STDN BalPureTM units are modular in construction and can be

backfitted into existing vessels without major modifications • Biocide has significant half life, solution mixes extremely well with

ballast water, efficacy is not dependent on seawater turbidity• Electrochemical oxidation systems are low cost vs. the alternate

proposed technologies• The cost of EC is appx. $0.02 per M3 of ballast water treated

($0.15/KWH generation cost)

Competitive Advantages

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• Hypochlorite Generation+ Controlled Addition

• Oxidant Monitoring+ Residual Maintained

• Oxidant Neutralization+ Controlled Addition+ Excess Sulfite Monitoring

• Data Logger

Key System Components

BalPureTM Water Treatment

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• Use sodium sulfite– Also use as food, wine preservative

• Na2SO3 +Br2 +H2O Na2SO4 +2HBr• 4 gpl Na2SO4 already exists in

seawater• HBr will not decrease pH in highly

buffered seawater

Oxidant Neutralization

Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

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• Located on Marrowstone Island at the northwest entrance to Puget Sound

• Typically used for marine fish diseases and aquatic toxicology research

• Previously conducted ballast water bench scale testing at this US Geological Survey Facility– Previously tested UV, Ozone, Chemicals

• Seawater can be pumped from the Sound at a rate of 1500 liters per min (90 M^3/hour)

Marrowstone Marine Field Station

Univ. of Washington Study

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Marrowstone Marine Field Station

Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

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• Total Residual Oxidant (TRO)• Live organisms as Zooplankton • Chlorophyll as a measure of

Phytoplankton• Bacteria• Toxicity of the water• Disinfection By-Products (DBP)

Parameters Measured

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• With or without Filtration: When initial hypo concentration is at least 3.0 ppm– Culturable Bacteria reduced > 99.99%– Phytoplankton reduced > 99%– Mesozooplankton reduced > 99%

• Filtration only impacts efficacy when hypo concentration is less than 1.5 ppm

• Bacteria grow back within 24 hours once residual oxidant is consumed

Test Results

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Test ResultsSodium Hypochlorite Generator / Filtration Experiment

September 2004 Total Residual Oxidant (mg Cl2 / L)

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

0 48 96 144 192 240

Time (h)

TRO

(mg

Cl 2

/ L) Control

Cl w/ filterCl w/o filter

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Test ResultsSodium Hypochlorite Generator / Filtration Experiment

September 2004Culturable Heterotrophic Bacteria

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.0E+04

1.0E+05

1.0E+06

1.0E+07

1.0E+08

1.0E+09

1.0E+10

0 48 96 144 192 240

Time (h)

Col

ony

Form

ing

Uni

ts /

L

ControlCl w/ filterCl w/o filter

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Test ResultsSodium Hypochlorite Generator / Filtration

October 2004 Experiment 1Culturable Heterotrophic Bateria

< 1.00E+04

< 1.00E+06

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.0E+04

1.0E+05

1.0E+06

1.0E+07

1.0E+08

1.0E+09

1.0E+10

0 48 96 144 192 240Time (h)

Col

ony

Form

ing

Uni

ts /

L

ControlF ClF No Cl

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• Ballast water has no toxicity once neutralized with sodium sulfite up to 22 ppm or ten times required+ Discharge Toxicology Studies Show No Effect On

• Herring Embryo• Mysid Shrimp• Bivalve Larval• Kelp• Diatoms

• Disinfection By Products in effluent meet U.S. drinking water standards+ THM 68 ppb (80 ppb)+ HAA5 9 ppb (60 ppb)+ Bromate < 1 ppb (10 ppb)

Test Results

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Commercial Testing

• 1,000 M3 per hour system being tested by United States Coast Guard at the Naval Research Labs in Key West Florida– Test protocol is based on IMO G-8 standards for Ballast

Water Treatment testing.

• STDN has received a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)– Conduct a shipboard demonstration test of the STDN Ballast

Water Treatment System

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Commercial Testing

• Partnership formed with a major US vessel owner to install a BalPure unit on one of their vessels– Vessel route is between US cities on the Gulf Coast– System sized for 2,000 M3 per hour ballast flow– Treatment System will be installed in six major components

• Electrolyzers• Control Panel and transformer / rectifier• Hydrogen separation• Booster pumps• In line analyzers • sulfite addition

• Installation to occur at end of second quarter 2007

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Commercial Certification

• Vessel owner and STDN will apply to the United States Coast Guard (USCG) Shipboard Technology Evaluation Program (STEP)– Pilot testing data completed– Environmental impact data developed

• BalPureTM Ballast Water Treatment System is patent pending

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BALLASTING

TREATM ENT SYSTEM LINESM AIN BALLAST LINES

LEG END

VALVE CLO SED

VALVE O PEN

STARBO ARDBALLAST TANK(S)

PO RT AND

W .L.

M IX TANKSULFITESO DIUM

INJECTPUM P

DECHLORINATIO N UNIT

ANALYZERSULFITE

BALPURE UNIT

CHLORINEANALYZER

PUM PBO O ST

PANELCONTROL

G ENERATO R

BALLASTPUM P

SEACHEST

Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

Metered Disinfection While Ballasting

Aft BallastTank

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Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

Sampling while Underway

CHESTSEA

UNDERWAY

VALVE OPEN

VALVE CLOSED

LEGEND

MAIN BALLAST LINESTREATMENT SYSTEM LINES

DECHLORINATION UNIT

SODIUMSULFITE

MIX TANK

SULFITEANALYZER

PUMPINJECT

PUMPBALLAST

PORT AND

BALLAST TANK(S)STARBOARD

ANALYZERCHLORINE

BALPURE UNIT

GENERATOR

BOOSTPUMP

CONTROLPANEL

W.L.

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Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

Metered Dechlorination while Deballasting

D E-B ALLASTIN G

C H ES TSE A

P U M PBA LLAS T

G EN E R ATO R

C O N TR O LPA N EL

BO O STP U M P

A N ALY ZERC H LO R IN E

BA LP U R E U N IT

SU LFITEAN ALYZER

D EC H LO R IN A TIO N U N IT

P U M PIN JEC T

S O D IU MSU LFITE

M IX TAN K

W .L.

VA LV E O P EN

VA LVE C LO S ED

LEG E N D

M AIN B A LLA S T LIN E STR EA TM E N T SY S TE M LIN E S

B ALLA STD IS C H A R G E

S TAR B O AR DP O R T A N D

B A LLA S T TA N K (S)

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NRL Unit 1000 M3/Hr @ 5 ppm

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• Power– 52 AC KVA

• Process Water– None required

• Instrument Air– None required

• Sulfite for dechlorination– 2 Kg (7.7L) per 1,000M3 ballast

• Maintenance– 4 hours per month

• Base Unit Cost– $440K

Estimates for 1000 M3 / Hr BWT Unit

Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

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2000 M3 / Hr System Dimensions

ITEM DIMENSIONS (M)Length X Width X Height

WEIGHT (Kg)

Generator 2.3 X 0.6 X 2.2 260

Transformer/Rectifier & Control Panel

2.4 X 0.6 X 2.0(1.1 X 1.3 X 2.0)

820(400)

Degas 1.6 X 0.6 X 1.7 91

Booster Pumps 1.2 X 1.2 X 1.6 136

Analyzers 1.4 X 0.4 X 1.5 105

Sulfite Addition 0.4 X 0.3 X 1.1 68

Overall 3.7 X 1.8 X 3.1 3,325

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- Meets IMO standards for Ballast Water Management

- Destruction of living organisms - Bacteria inactivated

- De-chlorinated Effluent is not Toxic- DBPs can be below drinking water

standards- Filtration is not required to meet

IMO standards- Operating cost is less than

$0.02 / M3 of ballast water

Conclusions

Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment�Test ResultsTest ResultsTest ResultsCommercial TestingCommercial TestingCommercial CertificationNRL Unit 1000 M3/Hr @ 5 ppm 2000 M3 / Hr System Dimensions