Electrochemical Impulse

Electricity

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As a whole- electrically _________, but certain areas are more ______________ or ________________

Positive and negatives _______________, so they are separated by ________________ until we are ready to use the energy that they will create-- > CREATING _______________

Need ___________ to trigger action that brings negative and positive together

Voltage--> Measure of ____________ ___________ generated by separated ___________. In cell- membrane potential.

Current- flow of ____________

The Action Potential Experiment

The resting membrane normally had a potential somewhere near __________ (millivolts); however, when the nerve became _________, the potential on the inside of the membrane registered __________. This reversal of potential is described as an _________ ____________.-40mV did not last longer than a few milliseconds before returning to resting potential (-70mV)

High potassium on inside--> want to diffuse __________ of nerve cellsHigh sodium on outside--> want to diffuse __________ nerve cells

The resting membrane is about 50 times more permeable to ___________ than it is to _____________

The Resting Membrane

The resting membrane is charged and is called a ___________ ______________

Upon excitation, the nerve cell membrane becomes more permeable to ___________ than _____________The rapid __________ of sodium causes a charge reversal, also referred to as _______________Once the voltage inside the nerve cell becomes ___________, the sodium gates _________________ and the inflow of sodium is halted.

Restores the condition of the __________ _____________ by transporting sodium ions _______________ the neuron while moving potassium ions _____________ the neuron, in a ratio of ____ Na+ ions out to ____ K+ ions in The process of restoring the original polarity of the nerve membrane is called _________________

Sodium Potassium Pump

For the impulse to be conducted along the axon, the impulse must move from the zone of depolarization to ___________ ____________

Movement of the Action Potential

The positively charged ions that rush into the nerve cell are ______________ to the adjacent ______________ ionsA similar attraction occurs along the ___________ of the nerve membrane.

Movement of the Action Potential

Nerves conducting an impulse cannot be activated until the condition of the __________ __________ is restored. The period of depolarization must be completed and the nerve must repolarize before the next action potential can be conducted. The time required for the nerve cell to become repolarized is called the ____________ ___________The refractory period usually lasts 1 to 10 ms.

Unidirectionality

Threshold Levels and All or None ResponseThe critical intensity of the stimulus is known as the ____________ __________

In what is referred to as the ________________________, neurons either fire maximally or not at all.The more ___________ the stimulus, the greater the ____________ of impulses.