Electrochemical Characterization of Implantable Biochips ...d Hexagonal closed packed W.E. a=100...
Transcript of Electrochemical Characterization of Implantable Biochips ...d Hexagonal closed packed W.E. a=100...
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Abdur Rub Abdur Rahman, Gusphyl Justin, Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B)Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and
Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Science, Clemson University
Clemson, South Carolina [email protected] url=http://www.biochips.org
Electrochemical Characterization of
Implantable Biochips for Biosensing Application
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Synopsis
MotivationpTrauma management in combat injury– glucose
and lactate sensingMethodologypUsing amperometry via Implantable
Electrochemical cell on a chip for biosensingFocuspDesign and characterize the working electrode
using Microdisc electrode Array (MDEA) architecture for enhanced mass transport and sensitivity.
Results penhanced sensitivities due to radial diffusion
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Hyperglycemia is associated with excess mortality in critically ill patients [1].Early hyperglycemia (glucose >=200 mg/dL) is associated with significantly higher infection and mortality rates in trauma patients independent of injury characteristics [1].Decreased blood flow to the muscles -vasoconstrictionDecreased oxygen availability to the musclesIncreased oxygen debtIncreased lactic acid build up in the muscles
Lactate is a surrogate for oxygen debt
Importance of Glucose sensing to trauma
1 Laird, Amanda M., Miller, Preston, et al., Relationship of Early Hyperglycemia to Mortality in Trauma Patients, Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 56(5):1058-1062, May 2004.
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Bonding pads
75 µm Au lines
Si3N4passivation
layer
Borosilicate glass
substrate
2000 µm
4000
µm
aa
d
Hexagonal closed
packed W.E.
a=100 µm, d=50 µm
Design of MDEA 5037 Electrochemical Cell chip
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Radial vs. Semi-infinite Linear Diffusion
planarA planarmacroelectrodes
A vDCn10x 686.2i 21
21
apptox2
35p =
B
microboremicrodiscmicroelectrodes
πd8L8nFDCiss +
=
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Si3N4
Au
Diffusion domain
Microdisc
2r
d
d
(a)
rd/2
Recessed depth = 0.5 µm
(b)
Diffusion profile of Microdisc Electrode Arrays
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(a)
Glass Substrate
Au or Pt Metallization
(e)(e)
(c)(c)
(b)(b)
(a)
(d)(d)
(f)(f)
Glass Substrate
Au or Pt Metallization
Photosensitive ResistPhotosensitive Resist
Silicon Nitride PassivationSilicon Nitride Passivation
Fabrication of MDEAs
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Fabricated MDEA 5037 and MDEA 050 electrodes
1 cm
2 cm
MDEA 050
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b
Rs
CPE1
a
Determination of MDEA interfacial parameters by LPR and EIS
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Interfacial and bulk parameters of Au, redox-free system
7.3 x 10-4
(0.0152)
7.3 x 10-4
(0.0152)
0.10 (0.1784)
cm2(cm)
Active area (radius)
17.9
18.4
15.0
ohm-cm
Resistivity
60321; 0.9142,465315037 lactate sensor
62919; 0.9141,095305037 glucose sensor
41.12700; 0.9140,0004,000MDEA 050
Rs (ohm)Q (nS.sn); n(nF/cm2)(nF)Working Electrodes
Interfacial parameters by EIS
Double layer capacitance by
LPR
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0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7-500
0
500
Pea
k C
urre
nt, I
p ( µ
A/c
m2 )
v1/2 (V1/2/s1/2)
Ip-anodicIp-cathodicSlope1Slope2R-S simulation
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7-500
0
500
Pea
k C
urre
nt, I
p ( µ
A/c
m2 )
v1/2 (V1/2/s1/2)
Ip-anodicIp-cathodicSlope1Slope2R-S simulation
Cyclic voltammetry in 1mM FcCOOH in 0.1M TRIS/0.1M KCL
0 200 400 600-400
-200
0
200
400
600
Voltage in mV
Cur
rent
in µ
A/c
m2 050
0 200 400 600-400
-200
0
200
400
600
Voltage in mV
Cur
rent
in µ
A/c
m2 5037
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5037
050
5037
050
b
5037
050
c
a
EIS investigation of MDEA behavior
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Integrated electronics for implantable wireless biosensor
RF Interface
Signal Conditioning ADC
MicroprocessorRAM FLASH
Transducer & Interface
Antenna
PowerModule
Common Electronics
Platform
RF Interface
Signal Conditioning ADC
MicroprocessorRAM FLASH
Transducer & Interface
Antenna
PowerModule
Common Electronics
Platform
RF Interface
Signal Conditioning ADC
MicroprocessorRAM FLASH
Transducer & Interface
Antenna
PowerModule RF Interface
Signal Conditioning ADC
MicroprocessorRAM FLASH
Transducer & Interface
Antenna
PowerModule
Common Electronics
Platform
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Towards an on-chip dual potentiostat
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Connector
Magnetic Field Sensor
Batteries
Antennae
PotentiostatAmplifiers
Data Converters
Processor
RF Transmitter
PSMBioChip System(Physiologic Status Monitoring)
4 cm
1.5 cm
Sensor Electronics
Transducer PC Board
PSM Microdisc die
Temperature Sensor(back of PC Board)
Medical-GradeRibbon Cable
An Implantable Biochip for Physiologic Status Monitoring
4 x 6 mm
4 x 1.5 x 0.5 cm
Discrete Prototype Device ASIC Device
Glucose, Lactate, pH and Temperature
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PSMBioChip Wireless Monitoring
Implantable wireless telemetrySimultaneous glucose and lactate, temperature and possibly pH monitoring
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Conclusion
MDEA WE containing ECC has been designed, fabricated and tested.
MEAD WE shows enhanced sensitivity due to radial diffusion profile.
on-chip sensing and telemetry electronics are being developed simultaneously for wireless implantability.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the US Department of Defense (DoDPRMRP) grant PR023081/DAMD17-03-1-0172 and by the Consortium of the Clemson University Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips. The authors acknowledge work to order contributions of Peter Hansen at Telesensors.
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