Electricity Principles of Electricity as it is related to hair
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Transcript of Electricity Principles of Electricity as it is related to hair
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ElectricityElectricityPrinciples of Electricity as it is Principles of Electricity as it is related to hairrelated to hair
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ElectricityElectricityForm of energy – produces light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes.
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CurrentCurrentFlow of electrons along a path called
a conductor.
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LoadLoadElectrically powered appliances ◦Ex. Blowdryer or curling iron
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ConductorsConductorsMaterial that best transports
electricity to a load.◦Silver and copper are best (contain ions)◦Water and human body are conductors
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InsulatorsInsulatorsMaterial that does not allow current to
pass through it.Protects user from current.
◦ Silk, wood, plastic, rubber, glass, paper, brick, cloth, alcohol, oil and pure distilled water.
◦ Old cords, rubber insulators with fabric coating. Became easily frayed, caused shorts
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Cord SafetyCord SafetyCord – copper wire insulated with rubberKeep cords free of kinks to prevent breaks
which might cause electrical shock.
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Measures of Measures of ElectricityElectricity
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AmpAmpMeasures the strengthPower box to the house supplies amps.Amp rating show how much strength.
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VoltVoltMeasures pressureMeasures how hard electrons are
pushed by source.110 to 220V220 has V prongs on plugLarge motors need 220
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OhmOhmMeasures ResistanceMeasures how difficult it is to push
electrons through a conductor.OHM’s rating = resistance of motion
of electrons.
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WattWattMeasures Amount
Used1 watt is small
amount of energyBlowdryer = 1000
watts per second1000 watts = 1
kilowatt
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HertzHertzMeasures FrequencyHertz = HzNameplate gives listing of Hz
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It is on the label It is on the label pg 93 in pg 93 in texttextTells how many volts and amps a
product uses.Volts X Amps = watts 1000 watts equals
1 kilowattHomework Find 2 appliance's that you would use in
a salon?Find the watts How much is would cost to run for one
hour?Will assign the appliance's
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Electric CurrentElectric CurrentExists in two forms:
◦DC – Direct Current – electrons move at an even rate; flow is in one direction.
◦AC – Alternating Current – electrons flow first in one direction and then in the other.
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Sources of Sources of ElectricityElectricity
Converter changes DC to ACRectifier changes AC to DC
ConverterRectifier
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GeneratorGenerator
Produce alternating current
Uses mechanical energy to produce flow of electrons.
Diesel Generator
Boiler/Steam Generator
Wind Generator
Solar Powered Generator
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BatteryBatteryHas a positive (+) and negative (-) terminalProduces direct current onlyElectrons flow toward positive terminal
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Producing Electric Producing Electric CurrentCurrent
Must have a SOURCE and CIRCUIT.
Circuit
Source
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CircuitCircuitPath through which electrons travel.
◦Closed – Electrons leave the source and operate an appliance.
◦Open – Broken path of electron flow.Open Closed
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Parallel WiringParallel WiringSeveral loads can operate at once or
at different times; use parallel wiring in salon.
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Parallel Wiring in the Parallel Wiring in the SalonSalon
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Series WiringSeries WiringAll loads must run at the same time
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OverloadOverloadMore current
flows than the line is designed to carry.
Frequent problem due to the number of stylist and electrical items used in salons.
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Short CircuitShort Circuit
Be sure to check cords for any breaks in the wire. ◦Often happens when curling
irons or flat irons are left on and the cord comes in contact with the hot iron causing the cord to melt.
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Safety MeasuresSafety Measures
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FuseFuseConnects directly to the circuits in
the power boxContains fine metal wire that allows
current to flow through it.Overload = melted wireFuse can not be reused
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Circuit BreakerCircuit BreakerConnects directly to
the circuits in the power box.
Reusable device that breaks flow of current when over load occurs.
2 pieces of metal make contact-separate if circuit is broken.
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Grounding WireGrounding Wire(3 – wire system)(3 – wire system)
Protects user with certain appliances
Prevents excess flow of current from going to user
3 – prongs, round one connects to grounded wall socket◦ It is not safe to plug a
3-prong cord into a 2-prong socket.
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First Aid for ShockFirst Aid for ShockStep 1 – Knock person
out of the circuit by using an insulator; broom or plastic pail.
Step 2 – Unplug the appliance use an insulator to avoid circuit.
Step 3 – Rush to the power box and turn off all circuit breakers.
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Local Shock Local Shock ProcedureProcedureLocal Shock - Passes through small part of the body.◦Immerse in cold
water immediately◦If severe – take to
hospital◦Keep immersed until
cold and stopped swelling
◦Blot dry and apply antiseptic cream
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General Shock General Shock ProcedureProcedure
General Shock - Passes through the nervous system.◦First – Break the
circuit before touching the person; dial 9-1-1.
◦Start CPR; continue with CPR until emergency team arrives.
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Electrical Fires Electrical Fires Emergency ProceduresEmergency Procedures
Remember: NO WATER!◦Turn off the circuit◦Smother the fire with
rug, towel or powder.
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Electricity By Use In the Electricity By Use In the SalonSalonThermal/Heat Examples:
◦Generates heat◦Curling Irons
Combination Examples:◦Generates heat and produces
flow of air◦Blow Dryers
Mechanical Examples:◦Has a motor◦Clippers
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Electricity Electricity Talking Talking PointsPoints
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Electricity in Electricity in CosmetologyCosmetology
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Before Before ElectricityElectricity
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Effects of Electric Effects of Electric CurrentCurrent
Heating◦More resistance = more heat◦Heating elements heat up when current
flows through.Mechanical or Magnetic
◦Push – pull effect causes motor to turnElectrochemical
◦Electric current travels through a water – based solution to produce relaxing or stimulating effects.
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Demonstration of Demonstration of ElectrotherapyElectrotherapy
http://youtu.be/3dtN4aSz128Musichttp://youtu.be/KQHL_o-hB0k
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Galvanic CurrentGalvanic CurrentOldest form of
electrotherapyAppliance (rectifier that is
built into the machine) necessary to convert AC to DC
Direct current – low volt and high amp
Chemical effects caused by passing current through acid or alkaline solutions and/or by passing current through body tissues and fluids.
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Phoresis Phoresis (Bleaching)(Bleaching)Process of forcing an acid or alkali into the skin by applying current to the chemical.
Chemical penetrates the skin without breaking the skin.◦Most typical application
of Galvanic Current
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How to Use Galvanic How to Use Galvanic CurrentCurrent
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AnaphoresisAnaphoresisNegative Pole (catode)Negative Pole (catode)
Process of forcing liquids into tissues from the negative toward the positive pole. ◦Desincrustation – used
to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and blackheads in the hair follicles.
◦Used to treat acne, milia, and comedones.
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CataphoresisCataphoresisPositive Pole ( anode)Positive Pole ( anode)
Forces acidic substances into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive toward the negative pole.
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Effects of Galvanic Effects of Galvanic CurrentCurrentCataphoresis
Positive + pole Produces acidic
reactions
Closes the pores
Soothes nerves
Decreases blood supply
Contracts blood vessels
Hardens and firms tissues
Anaphoresis
Negative – pole
Produces alkaline reactions
Opens the pores
Stimulates and irritates the nerves
Increases blood supply
Expands blood vessels
Softens tissues
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Caution!!Caution!!Do not use negative
galvanic current on skin with broken capillaries or pustular acne conditions, or on a client with high blood pressure or metal
implants!!
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How to Use PhoresisHow to Use Phoresis
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FaradicFaradicAlternating current; produces mechanical
effect; stimulates nerve and muscle tissue.◦ Improved blood circulation, muscle tone,
stimulation of hair growth, increased glandular activity.
◦ Today it is primarily used to improve muscle tone.
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SinusoidalSinusoidalAlternating currentMechanical effectPenetrates deeper than
faradicGreater Stimulation –
causes muscle contractionsShould never be used on
unhealthy or broken skin.
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TeslaTeslaHigh-frequency current “violet ray”Alternating current – produces a
vibrating effect making this a stimulating current.
Different voltages produce heatCan offer stimulation or relaxation
◦Improved blood circulation◦Increased rate of metabolism◦Increased sebaceous gland activity◦Relieves Congestion
Faradic, Sinusoidal and Telsa are all alternating currents (AC).
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ElectrotheraElectrotherapy Webpy Web
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Light TherapyLight TherapyVisible light is
electromagnetic radiation that we can see.◦Also called “radiant energy”
– carries, or radiates, energy through space on waves.
◦Distance between two successive peaks is called the wavelength. Low frequency – Long
wavelengths (fewer waves). High frequency – Short
wavelengths (more waves).
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Electromagnetic Spectrum – the entire range of electromagnetic radiation.◦Visible light – the part of the
electromagnetic spectrum that we can see. Makes up 35% of natural sunlight.
◦Ultraviolet rays and Infrared rays – also forms of electomagnetic radiation. Invisible – wavelengths are beyond the visible
spectrum of light. Makes up 65% of natural sunlight.
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Infrared RaysInfrared RaysMake up 60% of
natural sunlight.Longer wavelengthsPenetrate deeperProduce more heat
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Infrared LampsInfrared LampsUsed mainly
during hair treatments and to process hair color. ◦Operate at a
distance of at least 30 inches for exposure time of about 5 min.
◦Never leave client unattended.
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Visible LightVisible LightRays that are the primary source of light
used in facial and scalp treatments.Bulbs used are white, red and blue.
◦White light – “combination light” – combination of all visible rays of the spectrum.
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet
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Blue LightBlue LightOnly used on
bare oily skinContains fewer
heat raysLeast
penetratingSome germicidal
and chemical benefits
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Red LightRed LightUsed on dry
skin in combination with oils and creams.
Penetrates the deepest.
Produces most heat.
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Ultraviolet (UV) Ultraviolet (UV) RaysRaysMake up 5% of natural sunlightShorter wavelengthsPenetrate lessProduce less heat than visible light.Produce chemical effects and kills
germs.Prompts the skin to produce Vitamin D
◦Fat-soluble vitamin that promotes mineralization of bones.
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Overexposure to UV Overexposure to UV RaysRaysCan cause premature aging of the skin and skin cancer!!◦Over 1 million new cases
of skin cancer diagnosed each year.
◦Estimated 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer. 90% are result of
overexposure to UV rays from sun, sun lamps, and tanning beds.
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BeforeBefore
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AfterAfter
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Application of UV RaysApplication of UV RaysCan be beneficial if
done with utmost care.
Apply with lamp at a distance of 30 to 36 inches.
Begin with exposure times of 2 to 3 minutes.◦Gradually increase to
7 or 8 minutes.
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Light Light Therapy Therapy WebWeb
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