Electricity in IndiaDevelopments, Issues, &

Remedies

Shardul Kulkarni

08104EN035

B.Tech Part IV

Electrical Engineering

Developments

• Consumption started for lightening the palaces of the King of Cooch Behar in West Bengal and the King of Bikaner in Rajasthan in 1886.

• In 1897 first Hydro Electric Power Station was installed at Sidrapong under Darjeeling District of West Bengal.

• CESC Limited commenced electrification in Kolkata (Calcutta)in 1899, as the first Thermal Power Station wascommissioned on 17th April, 1899.

• C.E.A. and D.V.C. in 1948 , Rural Electricity Corporation in 1969 and N.T.P.C. and N.H.P.C. in 1975 were formed.

• The Accelerated Power Development & Reform Programme was launched in 2001 and Electricity Act was passed in 2003.

• Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana was set up in April 2005.

i. Brief History

ii. Current Scenario

• As on 31-03-2011

i. Total Installed Capacity 1,73,626.40 MW

ii. Peak Requirement 1,36,193 MW

iii. Peak Availability 1,18,676 MW

Source: Ministry of Power iv. Deficit 12.9%

• Only power surplus states/UTs in terms of energy and peak -Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Delhi, D.N. Haveli.

Thermal65%

Hydro22%

RES10%

Nuclear3%

Installed capacity

Domestic29%

Commercial9%

Irrigation20%

Industries35%

Others7%

Electricity Consumption MUThe Dream

Power to all !

The reality

Crisis !!!

ii. Current Scenario contd.

Source: Ministry of Power

• The government is expected to miss its target of adding 78,577MW by around 60% because of shortage of equipment.

• High aggregate technical & commercial (AT&C) loss – 27.15% .

• Large commercial losses -

a) Poor billing, collection and metering.

b) Power theft – `45,000 crores.

• State Electricity Boards lose `1.10 per unit of electricity sold and now their total loss is over `1,00,000 crores.

• Under-pricing and political interference in price determination have worsened the financial situation of the main electricity producers.

Issues

An electrical linesman repairs cables in Allahabad.Illegal subsidiary wires are mangled to the main cables

Issues contd.

• The coal deficit in India to touch 142 million tonnes this fiscal.

• Shortage in power during peak hours has adverse effects on economic growth.

• Low level of access to electricity and recurring black-outs cause increased use of Battery powered inverters, Diesel generator sets.

• Low end-use efficiency – Irrigation motor-pump sets used specifically in agriculture, old appliances.

• Approximately 4% of total residential electricity used is for stand-by power.

Remedies• Increasing Generation:

i. Government has planned 16 Ultra mega power projects of 4000MW each using supercritical technology.

ii. Capacity addition in form of hydro, nuclear, captive power.

• Reducing Losses:

i. Restructured APDRP for actual, demonstrable performance in terms of sustained loss reduction.

ii. Smart Grid, Distributed generation.

• Promoting Efficiency:

i. Encouragement to Slim T5 Tube lights, CFLs, Electronic regulators.

ii. Introduction of capacitors on agriculture pumps and drinking water supply schemes.

• Saving Electricity:

i. Saves environment

A bulb 100W x 24hr = 2.4KWh Electricity generated by coal = 0.35 x 6150 = 2152.5KWh/ton, Coal burned = 1.115kg, CO2 produced = 2.30kg, Ash produced = 379g, NO2 produced = 6.34g, SO2 produced = 6.22g

ii. Saves power

‘Delhi may face power cut as supply falls short’ – India Today, 08th October 2011

‘More power cuts on cards for Chennai city, suburbs’ – Deccan Chronicle, 20th June 2011

‘Telangana strike makes Bangalore power problems worse’ – NDTV, 10th October 2011

‘Maharashtra to face power cuts for 11 hours daily’ – Economic Times, 06th October 2011

iii. Saves money

Power outages cost India over ` 43,000 crores in FY'09 – The Financial Express

Save Today Survive Tomorrow - Energy Saved is Energy Generated – The Institution of Engineers (India)

Sound practices

• Avoid switching on of heavy duty appliances like washing machines, geysers, irons, building water pumps during peak hours, i.e. 6 am to 10 am, and 5 pm to 9 pm.

• Bring up use of Solar water heaters.

• Look for BEE star label while purchasing electrical appliances.

• Promptly switch off the lights and fans when the occupants leave the room/hall.

• Take off the socket PCs, Laptops, TVs, Chargers, Mosquito repellents after use.

• Use always the natural air and light; avoid switching on lights during the day.

• Avoid wasteful use of water by regulated water flow.

ReferencesSlide

2: (http://www.electmen.org/elc_hisind.htm)

3: (www.cea.nic.in/reports/yearly/lgbr_report.pdf)

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_India_by_installed_power_capacity)

4: (www.powermin.nic.in/generation/pdf/17th%20EPS.pdf)

5: (http://www.livemint.com/2007/08/28002818/India-is-all-set-to-miss-its-2.html?d=1)

(http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=74844)

(www.powermin.nic.in/whats_new/pdf/Improving.pps)(http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/article2582397.ece)

7: (http://www.livemint.com/2011/06/16212907/Coal-shortage-worsens-outlook.html) (http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/Residentialpowerconsumption.pdf)

8: (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mega_Power_Plants_(India)) (http://www.energymanagertraining.com/DSM/ElectricityDemandSideManagement.doc)

Thank You