Electricity CHAPTER 6. Structure of Atoms Atoms are made of 3 particles Protons-Positively charges...
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Transcript of Electricity CHAPTER 6. Structure of Atoms Atoms are made of 3 particles Protons-Positively charges...
Structure of Atoms
Atoms are made of 3 particles Protons-Positively charges
Found in Nucleus
Neutrons-No Charge
Found in Nucleus
Electrons-Negatively Charged
Found outside of Nucleus
Most of the time, Protons=Electrons Electrically Neutral
Charged Atoms When an atom gains or loses and electron, it becomes charged
Called an ion
Atoms cannot lose a proton and remain the same element
Protons are what determines what element an atom is.
1 proton=Hydrogen
3 protons=Lithium
Etc. See Periodic table
The number of protons is called the atomic number
Charges can be confusing… When an atom GAINS an electron, it becomes negatively charged
Electrons are negatively charged
If it loses an electron, it becomes positively charged
More protons than electrons=more positive than negative
Charge is measured in Coulombs (C)
Static Electricity
Accumulation of excess charge on an object Gained excess electrons
Shoes on carpet, hair on balloon, cloths in dryer
Because the object is negatively charged, it is attracted to objects with a positive charge Opposite charges attract
Law of Conservation of Charge
Yep, another one…
Charge can be transferred, but it cannot be created or destroyed
Typically, it is electrons transferred, not protons
Charges Exert Forces
Unlike charges attract, like charges repel The force depends on the distance and charge
Called Coulomb’s Law
Charges also create a field
Electric Field-area around charged particles that create a force Indicated by arrows
Towards negative
Away from Positive
Strength of Electric Force
Electric force is stronger than gravitational force Why don’t we feel it?
Most objects are electrically neutral
Conductors and Insulators
Conductor-allows electrons to easily pass Best conductors are metal
Insulator-does not allow electrons to easily pass through Plastics are great insulators
Charging
Charging by contact
Charged by touching or rubbing
Charging by Induction
Charged by nearby charged object
Does not need to touch object
Lightning
Storm clouds are arranged with negative charge on bottom Becomes more negative than objects on Earth’s surface
Static discharges from cloud to surface
http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/physics/phys03/alightnin/default.htm