Electricity and Electronics Brad Dearing 108 University High School Normal, IL 61761 (309) 438-5513...
-
Upload
corey-mclaughlin -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
4
Transcript of Electricity and Electronics Brad Dearing 108 University High School Normal, IL 61761 (309) 438-5513...
Electricity and Electronics
Brad Dearing108 University High School
Normal, IL 61761
(309) 438-5513
The Nature of Matter• Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space.
– Element – the most basic form of a substance.(Sodium) or (Chlorine)
• Compound – the combination of two or more elements. (Salt)
• Molecule – the smallest part of a compound that still retains its unique properties. (One small piece of salt)
– Atom – smallest part of an element (one sodium atom)• Electrons – Negative part of atom (11 electrons in Na)
• Protons – Positive part of atom (11 protons in Na)
• Neutrons – No charge or neutral part of atom (11.990 neutrons in Na)
Ionization
• Ionization occurs when an atom gains or loses an electron.– Positive Ion – more protons than electrons in an
atom (loses an electron)– Negative Ion – more electrons than protons in
an atom (gains an electron)
Static Electricity
• Electricity at rest (static)
• Stationary charge
• Produced by friction
• Law of charges: Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other.
Terms
• Coulomb – the measurement of the amount of electricity. 1 coulomb = 6.24 x 1018 electrons
• Electrostatic Fields – the field of force surrounding a charged body. (dielectric field)
See next slide
• Induction – the transfer of a charge without direct contact, bringing it close to another object.
Terms
• Battery – form of DC electricity, generally by chemical reaction.
• Load – when electrical energy is converted to some other form of energy. (i.e. light, heat, magnetism, etc.)
• Conductor – pathway conducive to carrying electricity, generally coated with a protective coating.
Terms
• Voltage – the force behind electron flow. (volts: V) aka: potential, potential difference, or electromotive force (emf) (E)
• Current – the flow of electrons. (ampere: A) (I) 1 amp = 1 coulomb of charge flowing past a point in one second.
• Resistance – the opposition to the flow of electrons. (ohms: )
Terms
• Conductor – anything that permits the free flow of electrons.
• Insulator – extremely poor conductors.
• Semiconductor – a material that limits the flow of electrons, considered neither a good conductor nor a poor conductor.
See table of common conductors and insulators p. 27
Current • AC – Alternating Current: flows in both directions. (household current) (Cycle or hertz: Hz)
• DC – Direct Current: flows in only one direction in a circuit. (battery)
Electron Flow Theory• Conventional current
flow theory – positive to negative.
• Electron flow theory – negative to positive.