Electricity PresentingBy

A.S.Krishna

What is Electricity ????

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge. Electricity gives a wide variety of well-known effects, such as lightning, static electricity, electromagnetic induction and electrical current. In addition, electricity permits the creation and reception of electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves.

The experiments on the electricity was held from the B.C onwards so the first person who made the series of experiments is Thales of Miletus.

Thales, the earliest known researcher into electricity.

Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BC….

Thales of Miletus writes about amber becoming charged by rubbing -he was describing what we now call static electricity.

Long before any knowledge of electricity existed people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BC referred to these fish as the “Thunderer of the Nile”, and described them as the “protectors” of all other fish.

After that, the patients suffering from ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them.

Magnus Gets StuckIn 900 BC - Magnus, a Greek shepherd, while looking for lost sheep,

discovers that the nails in his shoes seem to stick to a strange rock. This region becomes known as Magnesia.

Peter Peregrinus of Maricourt was a 13th century French scholar who conducted experiments on magnetism and wrote the first extant treatise describing the properties of magnets. In his letter of 1269, Peregrinus explain how to identify the poles of the compasses. He also describes the laws of magnetic attraction and repulsion.

Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt

In 1269

The Word…& A FatherLater In the 1600, the English scientist William Gilbert, who was a physician and man

of learning at the court of Elizabeth.

William Gilbert’s great treatise De Magnete, or “on the magnet”, printed in Latin in 1600, containing the fruits of his researches and experiments for many years indeed provided the basis for a new science.

And he the person who coined the term “ electra” or “electricity” from his famous book.

And he was also the first person to use the terms electric force, magnetic pole and electric attraction.

And he also explained about the electricity and magnetism, as a result he is the accredited father of the science of electricity and magnetism……..

William GilbertIn 1600’s

The First Electric GeneratorIn 17th century, an inventor and a philosopher, Otto Von Guericke invented a machine

that produced static electricity, this was the first electric generator.

Otto Von Guericke’s generator was described as large sulfur ball mounted on a pole inside a glass globe.

The sulfur ball was rotated by a hand crank. The rotating ball rubbed against a pad generating static electricity sparks, however, Otto Von Guericke had no idea what the sparks were. His devise was used for early experiments with electricity.

Otto Von Guericke

Nov,20-1602May,11-1686

Otto Von GuerickeOtto Von Guericke was the inventor of the nothing we now call a vacuum. He also

served as the mayor or Burgermeister of Magdeburg, Germany from 1646 to 1676.

In 1650, Otto Von Guericke invented the air pump, used to create a partial vacuum.

In 1663, Guericke demonstrated the power of a vacuum with his Magdeburg Hemispheres to Emperor Ferdinand III. During public demonstrations, teams of horses would attempt to pull the hemispheres apart which were held together by the force of atmospheric pressure created using his vacuum pump.

In 1661, Guericke invented the manometer.

In 1671, Otto von Guericke published his treatise "Experimenta nova Magdeburgia de vacuo spatio" or "New Magdeburg Experiments About the Vacuum".

Stephen Gray In 1729, Stephen Gray shows that electricity

doesn’t have to be made in place by rubbing but can also be transferred from place to place with conducting wires.

And he is the person who was the first to systematically experiment with electrical conduction, rather than simple generation of static charges and investigations of the static phenomena.

And as a results he discovered the principle of the conduction of electricity.

Charles Francois

In 1733, Charles Francois de Cisternay du Fay discovered that electricity comes in two forms which he called resinous (-) and vitreous (+), now called as negative and positive.

The Jar….

First CapacitorIn 1745, Ewald Georg von Kleist discovered that electricity was controllable.

And he independently invented the “Kleistain jar”.

Pieter Van Musschenbroek was a Dutch scientist. He was credited with the invention of the first capacitor in 1746: the “Leyden Jar”.

The apparatus was a glass jar filled with water into which a brass rod had been placed; and the stored energy could be released only by completing an external circuit between the brass rod and another conductor.

More commonly known as “Leyden jar” after’s Pieter van Musschenbroek of Leyden.

Kleistain jar Leyden Jar

Practical ApplicationBen Franklin’s important discovery was that electricity and lightning were

one and the same.

In 1750 he published a proposal for an experiment to prove that lightning is electricity by flying a kite in a storm that appeared capable of becoming a lightning storm.

Ben Franklin’s lightning rod was the first practical application of electricity.

Ben Franklin

Human BatteryIn 1752, Johann Georg Sulzer put the tip of his tongue between pieces of two different

metals whose edges were in contact.

He exclaimed, “a pungent sensation, reminds me of the taste of green vitriol when I placed my tongue between these metals”.

The metals are the lead and silver together in his mouth, the event became a famous known test as the “Tongue test” or “battery tongue test”.

Johann Sulzer puts lead and silver together in his mouth, performing the first recorded ``tongue test'' of a battery.

Johann George Sulzer

In 1752

GeneratorOtto Von Guericke’s First Static Generator

Faraday Disk Generator

Hippolyte Pixii

He was an instrument maker from Paris, France.

In 1832 he built an early form of alternating current electrical generator, based on the principle of magnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday

Ferranti two-phase generator

Murray Alternator

High-Current Copper-Brush Commutated Dynamo

In 1729, Stephen Gray shows that electricity doesn’t have to be made in place by rubbing but can also be transferred from place to place with conducting wires.

And as a results he discovered the principle of the conduction of electricity.

Michael FaradayIn 1831

Faraday’s ring transformer

ZBD Engineers Team

Károly Zipernowsky, Ottó Bláthy and Miksa Déri

Companies

GANZ Works

George Westinghouse

UtilizationUtilization of Electricity all over the world is

19,320,360,620 as per the data 2002-10 and the world population is 7,155,700,000 as per 2014 data.

Average power per person in watts is 313 Watts

Final TouchThe Units

Alessandro Volta

Ampere Andre

James Prescott Joule

Georg Simon Ohm

Carl Wilhelm Siemens

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb

Joseph Henry

Michael Faraday

Blaise pascal

Wilhelm Eduard Weber

Ernst Werner von Siemens

Nicola Tesla

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz

Isaac Newton

James Watt

Have A Nice Evening