ELECTRICAL POWERELECTRICAL POWER

OutlineOutline

Early Sources Of Electrical EnergyEarly Sources Of Electrical EnergyMechanical Generators Of ElectricityMechanical Generators Of ElectricityDynamo-Electric GeneratorsDynamo-Electric GeneratorsGramme Armature & SuccessorsGramme Armature & SuccessorsAlternatorAlternatorElectric LightingElectric LightingPower StationsPower StationsBatteriesBatteries

Early Sources Of Electrical EnergyEarly Sources Of Electrical Energy

Electro-StaticsElectro-StaticsFrictional Machines Using Glass Cylinders Frictional Machines Using Glass Cylinders

Electro-ChemistryElectro-ChemistryChemical Effects Of An Electric CurrentChemical Effects Of An Electric Current

Alessandro VoltaAlessandro VoltaElectro-MagneticsElectro-Magnetics

Allesandro Volta (1745-1827)Allesandro Volta (1745-1827)

Voltaic PileVoltaic Pile 18001800 Electricity Generated In A Electricity Generated In A

BatteryBatteryZinc (Z)Zinc (Z)Silver (A) Or CopperSilver (A) Or CopperFlannel Or Paper Flannel Or Paper

Soaked In Brine Alkaline, Saline, Or Acid

Current Trough WireCurrent Trough Wire

Electro-magneticsElectro-magnetics

H. C. Oersted (1771-1851)H. C. Oersted (1771-1851)Danish Scientist - 1820Danish Scientist - 1820Magnetic Needle Moved In Vicinity Of A Conductor Magnetic Needle Moved In Vicinity Of A Conductor

Carrying ElectricityCarrying ElectricityMagnetic Field Surrounding A Conductor Carrying Magnetic Field Surrounding A Conductor Carrying

ElectricityElectricityA. M. Ampere (1775-1836)A. M. Ampere (1775-1836)

Electro-Dynamic Interaction Of Electric Currents & Electro-Dynamic Interaction Of Electric Currents & MagnetsMagnets

CommutatorCommutator

Electro-magnetics (continued)Electro-magnetics (continued)

D. f. J. Arago (1786-1853)D. f. J. Arago (1786-1853)Produced First Electro-Magnet (1820)Produced First Electro-Magnet (1820)

W. Sturgeon (1783-1850)W. Sturgeon (1783-1850)First Practical Electro-Magnet (1825)First Practical Electro-Magnet (1825)

Michael Faraday (1791-1867)Michael Faraday (1791-1867)““Convert Magnetism Into Electricity”Convert Magnetism Into Electricity”Electro-Magnetic Induction (1831)Electro-Magnetic Induction (1831)Not Interested In CommercialismNot Interested In Commercialism

First Mechanical Generators Of First Mechanical Generators Of ElectricityElectricity

Basic PrinciplesBasic PrinciplesHippolyte PixiiHippolyte PixiiSaxtonSaxtonClarkeClarke

Basic PrinciplesBasic PrinciplesA Conductor Carrying Electricity Produces A A Conductor Carrying Electricity Produces A

Magnetic Field Surrounding ItMagnetic Field Surrounding ItIf Conductor Is Coiled Around IronIf Conductor Is Coiled Around Iron

Iron Temporarily Magnetizes

If Iron Is Hardened By HammeringIf Iron Is Hardened By Hammering Iron Permanently Magnetizes

Electric GeneratorsElectric GeneratorsField SystemField System

Simple Or Compound Magnets

Coil SystemCoil SystemGeneration Takes Place

Relative Movement Between SystemsRelative Movement Between Systems

Hippolyte PixiiHippolyte Pixii

First Magneto-Electric First Magneto-Electric MachineMachine

18321832 Hand-DrivenHand-Driven Only Working ModelOnly Working Model Field Magnet Revolves Field Magnet Revolves

Relative To CoilRelative To Coil First Practical Application First Practical Application

Of Faraday’s PrincipleOf Faraday’s Principle

Magneto-Electric MachinesMagneto-Electric Machines

Saxton (1833)Saxton (1833)Arrangement Of Components Was ReversedArrangement Of Components Was Reversed

Coil RotatedMagnets Remained Fixed

Pixii (1833)Pixii (1833)Added Commutator - Based On Ampere’s WorkAdded Commutator - Based On Ampere’s WorkConverted Oscillating Current To Unidirectional Converted Oscillating Current To Unidirectional

CurrentCurrent

E. M. ClarkeE. M. Clarke

Owned Company Making Owned Company Making Scientific InstrumentsScientific Instruments

First Manufacturing On First Manufacturing On Commercial ScaleCommercial Scale18341834

Coils Rotated In Plane Coils Rotated In Plane Parallel To Side Of MagnetParallel To Side Of Magnet

Experimented With Types Experimented With Types Of WindingsOf Windings

Stoehrer Of LeipzigStoehrer Of Leipzig

18461846 Three Horseshoe Three Horseshoe

Shaped MagnetsShaped Magnets Six-Polar ArmatureSix-Polar Armature Science Museum Of Science Museum Of

LondonLondon

F. Nollet (1794-1853)F. Nollet (1794-1853)

First To Contemplate First To Contemplate Making A Power-Driven Making A Power-Driven Magneto-Electric MachineMagneto-Electric MachineSupply Relatively Large Supply Relatively Large

OutputOutputLighthousesLighthousesDied Before CompletionDied Before Completion

Frederick Hale Holmes Frederick Hale Holmes Continued WorkContinued Work

Frederick Hale HolmesFrederick Hale HolmesTested On Small ScaleTested On Small Scale

Trinity House Wharf to Woolrich On ThamesTrinity House Wharf to Woolrich On ThamesComponentsComponents

36 U-Shaped Magnets In Pairs Of Six36 U-Shaped Magnets In Pairs Of SixPoles OutwardPoles OutwardStationary Coils & CommutatorStationary Coils & Commutator

Size - 5’ Square & 2 tonsSize - 5’ Square & 2 tonsOutputOutput

Driven By Steam Engine At 600rpmDriven By Steam Engine At 600rpm1.5 kw1.5 kw