Electrical Energy. Electrical Charges Electrical Charges and Current Like charges attract, unlike...
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Transcript of Electrical Energy. Electrical Charges Electrical Charges and Current Like charges attract, unlike...
Electrical Energy
Electrical Charges Electrical Charges and Current
Like charges attract, unlike charges repel.
Coulmb’s Law
.
.2
21
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qqkFelectric
Electric and Hydraulic Analogy
Current
Flow rate
Voltage
Elevation
Battery
Pump
Motor Water wheel
Series and Parallel Circuits Series
Same current passes through all devices
If one device fails, all fail Parallel
Currents add up Devices work independent of each other Fire Hazard
Units Charge C Current A Voltage V Resistance Energy kWh Power W, kW, MW, GW
PowerTable 1. Power Consumption For Several Household
Appliances*Appliance Power, W Appliance Power, W
Clock RadioTelevision (color)Freezer/RefrigeratorHair DryerWasher (clothes)Vacuum CleanerHome Computer
270 - 40065 - 200
600 - 10001200 - 1800
350 - 5001000 - 1400
100 - 400
Air ConditionerCoffee MakerIronDishwasherToasterMicrowave OvenDryer (clothes)Oven range
800 - 1000900 - 1200
1200 - 2400850 - 1400800 - 1400750 - 1100
1800 - 500010000 - 12000
Generation of electricity Thermal Powerplants Solar Photovoltaics Thermophotovoltaics Electrically Conductive Plastics Fuel Cells
Fuel Cells
Principle of Operation Electrolysis
H2O + electric current H2+1/2 O2 Fuel Cells
H2+1/2 O2 H2O +electric current
Generation
Storage Battery (chemical energy) Ultracapacitor (static energy) Flywheel (rotational energy)
Batteries Batteries are devices
that produce electric potentials Primary batteries Secondary batteries
Batteries are characterized by: Electrical potential Capacity
Transmission To reduce power loss we must
reduce current P=RI2
To reduce current we must transmit power at very high voltages (Since voltage is constant) P=V.I
Transmission Grid
Load and Capacity Base load Peak load Average load Capacity Factor Optimal Size
Load Duration