ELECTRICAL POWERLINE NETWORKING FOR SMART HOMES

OVERVIEWIntroduction to Smarthomes.Goals & Functions of Smart Homes.Powerline Networking & its Need.Types of Powerline Technologies.a. Intellon CE-Busb. LON Worksc. X-10d. Intelogis Plug-Ine. Adaptive Networks TechnologyAdvantages of Powerline Technology.Disadvantages of Powerline Technology.Applications of Powerline.Current Powerline devices.Conclusion

WHAT IS SMART HOME??A smart home or building is a home or building, usually a new one, that is equipped with special structured wiring to enable occupants to remotely control or program an array of automated home electronic devices by entering a single command. Automated homes, Domotics, Networked Homes, Intelligent homesElectrical devices used in the home to enhance the quality of life by providing more control over the users environmentMonitor ActivitiesBehavioral aspectsDesign ConsiderationsSafety Issues

SMART HOME OUTLOOK

19th Cenrury Elementary tasks based on Human Capability & FlexibilitySmart Home Perspective .... a new kind of service delivery environment providing value to the consumer

20th Century Functional System Integration makes life easier21st Century Integration of comprehensive Living EnvironmentInfotainmentHealth care

Digital Video surveillanceAccess controlIntrusion detectionAlarms managementIntelligent building Perspective... any device (Smart Machine) becomes a Point for Service Delivery to the enterprisesEnergy / Inventory .Management

SMART HOME GOALSContribute to a better quality of life by increasing self control, self esteem, and enabling self-fulfillment.

Allow the elderly to remain independent in the home or age in place by making everyday life easier.

Allow the home to adapt to the functional capabilities of the user.

Use health monitoring for prevention and early intervention.

Increase the efficiency of care services through the use of technology to provide care to people within their local environment.

Improve social environment.

SMART HOME FUNCTIONSControl of systemsEmergency helpTemperature monitoring/ ventilation controlWater and energy useAutomatic lightingDoor surveillanceCooker safetyProperty securityCommunicationsAssistive devices

Water temperature controlWindow, blind, and curtain controlOn-line linksET and Edu servicesCleaning functionsMemory joggers/remindersDiary facilityLifestyle monitoringMedical monitoringLeisure devices

POWERLINE NETWORKINGElectric power line networking is a method of home networking which is capable of interconnecting electrical in your home.It uses exciting AC wiring and power outlets to transmit data around a home or small offices.It is based on the concept of 'no new wires'.

NEED OF POWERLINE TECHNOLOGY

COST EFFECTIVE

NO NEW WIRES REQUIRED

EASY CONTROL OF ANY DEVICES

SPEED UPTO 500Mbps

HOW NETWORKING IS DONE

TYPES OF POWERLINE TECHNOLOGIES

Intellon CEBusEchelon LON WorkX-10Intelogis PLUG-INAdaptive Networks

CE-BUSCE-Bus is an open architecture which explains how to make products communicate through: Power line wires, Low voltage twisted pairs, Coax, Infrared, RF, and Fibre optics

CE-Bus based products consist of two components A transceiver which implements spread spectrum technology A controller to run the protocol

CE-Bus Power line Carrier uses Spread Spectrum technology.

CE-Bus protocol uses a Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection and Resolution(CSMA/CDCR) protocol to avoid data collisions.

Due to the high noise level of power line channels, data should be transmitted via short frames. The requirement for short frames is met by a physical layer spread spectrum technology. Each frame is transmitted on a raw data rate of 135 Kbps.

LON WORKSLONWorks (Local Operation Networks) technology is an new solution for control networks developed by Echelon .

LONWORKS technology is a solution for implementing distributed control networks These networks consist of nodes that communicate with one another over a variety of communications media using LonTalk protocol

The technology of distributed nodes can reduce the amount of wire and number of junctions by one or more orders of magnitude As a result, the network has simpler field installation, increased reliability, and decreased cost

LON TALK PROTOCOLCommon message based protocol.Protocol can run as fast as 20MHz.

FEATURES OF LON TALK PROTOCOL

-- Media Access --Client-server support-- Transaction Acknowledgement --Foreign Frame Transmission --Data type standardization & Identification--Peer-to-peer Communication --Unicast/Multicast/Broadcast Addressing-- Authentication --Mixed media support-- Priority transmissions --Error detection & recovery-- Duplicate Message Detection-- Collision Avoidance-- Automatic Retries-- Mixed Data Rates

X-10Each bit requires a full 60 Hz Cycle & thus the X-10 transmission rate is limited to only 60 bps.

Usually a complete X-10 command consist of 2 packets with a 3 cycle gap between each packet-Each packet contains 2 identical messages of 11 bits (or 11 cycles) each.-A ccomplete X-10 command consumes 47 cycles that yield a transmission time of about 0.8s

X-10It is a powerline carrier protocol.

Allows compatible devices to communicate via 110V wiring in house.

Transmits binary data using Amplitude Modulation Technique

To differentiate the data symbols, the career uses the zero voltage crossing point of 60 Hz AC sine wave on the cycles negative or positive transition.

Synchronized receivers accept the careers at each zero crossing point.-X-10 uses zero crossings to transmit binary digit to reduce errors.

INTELOGIS PLUG-IN

It is closely related to Open System Interconnection(OSI) model.>All OS layers - Application Layer PLUG-IN Common Application Layer(iCAL) Protocol.- Network Layer - PLUG-IN Power Line Exchange (PLX)Protocol- Transport Layer- PLUG-IN PLX Protocol- Data-Link Layer - PLUG-IN PLX Protocol- Physical Layer - PLUG-IN Digital Power Line (DPL)

PLUG-IN uses the CE-Bus Generic Common Application Language as its Application Layer protocol But Intelogis uses a client/server topology instead of the peer-to-peer model Using a client/server topology allows more of the intelligence of each PLUG-IN node s application to be placed in a centralized Application Server.

PLX PROTOCOLPLX protocol defines rules of operation for the Data Link, Network, and Transport layersPLX also defines the MAC portion of the data link layer Uses a MAC protocol consisting of two separate access mechanisms Datagram sensing multiple access (DSMA) Centralized Token Passing (CTP)

DPL PROTOCOLAt the physical layer, DPL protocol uses a modulation methodology called Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) to send digitalsignals over the power line FSK modulation sends digital signals over the power line by using two or more separate frequencies that are in a fairly narrow band PLUG-IN DPL single channel solution boasts line speeds of up to 350 Kilobits (Kbps) per second

INTELOGIS PLUG-IN

ADAPTIVE NETWORKS TECHNOLOGY Utilizes a hybrid token passing media access schemes.

A token-passing MAC provides :-- Reliable transfer of control in a noisy medium--Support for multimedia

It addresses:--False synchronization--Missed transmissions--Near-far problems

ADVANTAGES OF POWERLINE NETWORKING

ITS INEXPENSIVE USES EXISTING POWERLINE EASY TO INSTALL EVERY ROOM WILL HAVE MANY OUTLETS NO NEED OF NEW CARD TO COMPUTER OR ANY SOFTWARE SPEED UPTO 50Mbps

DISADVANTAGES OF POWERLINE NETWORKING

PERFORMANCE CAN BE IMPACTED BY HOUSE POWER USAGE

THE SPEEDS MAY VARY

OLDER WIRING CAN AFFECT THE PERFORMANCE

IT USES LARGE WALL DEVICES TO ACCESS DATA

APPLICATIONS

DEVICES BEING USED NOW NETGEAR POWELINE ADOPTOR CORNEX POWERLINE ADOPTOR

CONCLUSIONNo need for additional new wiring--Existing wires can be used as a medium--An inexpensive solutionA mature and proven technology for home automation X-10, CEBus, LONWork, Plug-in, and Adoptive Network technologies have being used for many years

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