Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications · 2016-11-15 · Electric...

Dr. Ed Generazio

NASA Langley Research Center

Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications

National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Office of Safety and Mission Assurance

. QNDE– July 17-22, 2016

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160013340 2020-03-02T20:25:12+00:00Z

Overview

• Background

• Sensor development & design issues

• Electric field measurement systems

• Application examples

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Background • NDE historically has focused technology development in propagating wave phenomena: • X-ray, ultrasonic, microwave, thermal, terahertz, and eddy

current

• Little attention to the field of electrostatics and emanating electric fields.

• Interest in evaluating the integrity of wire insulation in aircraft and aerospace systems

• This work is based on the original electric field sensor (e-Sensor) work disclosed by Generazio (2002).

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Structure

Floating gate design

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ea ea

Dielectric constant, relative permittivity, e

Electric susceptibility,

c = 1- e

e = 1 vacuum

Conductor

eb > ea

eb < ea

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eb eb


Human Hands Asbestos Rabbit Fur Glass, Mica Human Hair Nylon, Wool Lead Silk Aluminum Paper Cotton Steel Wood Amber Hard Rubber Mylar Nickel, Copper Silver, Brass Gold, Platinum Polyester, Celluloid Saran Wrap Polyurethane Polypropylene Vinyl, Silicon Teflon Silicon Rubber

POSITIVE charge

NEGATIVE charge

Triboelectric affinity

+

-

NEUTRAL

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• Low dielectric constant/Low electric susceptibility

• Non-conductor • Neutral triboelectric affinity

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Catch 22 • Want to select the best materials for constructing an electric

field measurement system, however, the actual electrical properties vary or are unknown in configuration to be used.

• Insulation on wiring • Wire diameters • Circuit elements • Support materials

• Don’t know actual electrical properties until tested

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An Example, “e - Sensor” Antenna Configuration for Wiring Inspection

e - Sensor

Damaged insulation

Electrical equipotential surfaces (V1, V2, V3, V4) are distorted due to damaged or aged insulation. Some

antenna elements are no longer parallel to the electrical equipotential surfaces and now are exposed to an

increase in potential.

The electric field, E, at any point is given by , where V is the electrical potential

New Insulation Damaged Insulation

V4

V2

V1 V3

V1

V4

V2

V1 V3

Equipotential surfaces

e - Sensor

-

V = E


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“e - Sensor” Data from Prototype

e - Sensor LEDs are

dimmed proportionately

by the presence of the

spatially varying electric

potential existing around

statically charged

insulated wire.

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Wire passing through

e - Sensor prototype

e - Sensor


2nd Prototype

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Acquisition point

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15

shoulders

waist

chest

knee

calf

Ed Generazio’s

1st electric field image of a human, 10/23/2012

Electrical potential image of a human in a uniform electric field

Electric Potential Image of Human Using Electric Field Imaging (2016) US 9279719 B2 & Quasi-Static Electric Field Generator (2016) US20160049885A1

• First images identify rich areas of improvement.

• Imaging volumetric dielectric properties of structures

36”

1/4/2012

Image Processing


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http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=09279719&IDKey=F3A37966E622 &HomeUrl=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1%3DPTO2%26Sect2%3DHITOFF%26u%3D%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.htm%26r%3D1%26p%3D1%26f%3DG%26l%3D50%26d%3DPTXT%26S1%3D9279719%26OS%3D9279719%26RS%3D9279719

http://pdfaiw.uspto.gov/.aiw?PageNum=0&docid=20160049885&IDKey=060D8679B1DA&HomeUrl=http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1%3DPTO2%26Sect2%3DHITOFF%26p%3D1%26u%3D%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html%26r%3D1%26f%3DG%26l%3D50%26co1%3DAND%26d%3DPG01%26s1%3Dgenerazio%26OS%3Dgenerazio%26RS%3Dgenerazio




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Generazio, E. R., Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications, Materials Evaluation, November 2015, pgs. 1479 - 1489 18


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Very conservative sensitivity at 1.55mV/cm Several orders of magnitude by FET selection, components, filtering, structural design, etc.

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Equilibrium electrical potential

Equilibrium electrical potential

Ele

ctri

cal P

ote

nti

al (

- V

)

Position on X-Axis

Ele

ctri

cal P

ote

nti

al (

-V

)

Position on X-Axis

Non-rotating sensor

Rotating sensor

Typical Measured Ephemeral Sensor Response in the Presence of a Charged Axially Symmetric Object

X-Axis

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2D EFI

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0 0.88 Time (seconds)

Measuredvoltage,

V

Strobe starts discharging (flashes)

sensor A

sensor B

Individual element sensor responses due to changes in strobe circuit electrical potentials

Strobe electrical components are activated

(charged)

Strobe components discharged

Strobe components

charging

t0 t0+Dt


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Strobe lamp flash Dt = 0.060 sec

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• NASA Programs and Commercial space industry • Electrostatic discharge (ESD) control requirements • Damaged materials characterization requirements • Component operations and integrity • Tether quality control • Lightening Prediction • Vehicle and component charging requirements • Design and construction of unique electronic sensors • Systems and human health monitoring in space. • Atmospheric Imaging

• The Nation • Medical – non-contact EKG and EMG (electromyography) • Intrusion detection • US perimeter security • Transportation security- personnel and baggage inspection • Personnel identification and access • Electronic signature requirements

Anticipated Benefits

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• Electric Field Imaging (2016) US 9279719 B2

• Quasi-Static Electric Field Generator (2016) US20160049885A1

• Ephemeral Electric Potential and Electric Field Sensor (2015) US20150137825

• Solid State Ephemeral Electric Potential and Electric Filed Sensor, Serial Number: 15/177,798 (2016)

For EFI technology listing and licensing opportunities:

Jesse Midgett, Technology Transfer Specialist

[email protected]

757-342-5569

https://technology.nasa.gov/patent/LAR-TOPS-116

[email protected]

Q & A

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mailto:[email protected]













Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications · 2016-11-15 · Electric...

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