Electric Charge
description
Transcript of Electric Charge
Electric Charge
Spectra of ScienceAmole2013
Electric Charge-an electrical property of matter that creates electric and magnetic forces and interactions
Electric Field-a region in space around a charged object
Electrical Force-the force of attraction or repulsion between objects due to charge
Current-the rate electric charges move through a conductor
Resistance-the opposition posed by a material or a device to the flow of electrons
Conductor -a material that can carry an electrical current in which charges move freely
Insulator-a material that does not transfer current easily
Vocabulary
All matter is made of atomsAtoms contain:
◦Protons- Positive
◦Electrons- Negative
◦Neutrons- Neutral/ No charge
An unequal amount of (+) and (-) makes a material “charged”
What causes electric forces?
+-
0
Objects with opposite charges (one negative, one positive) will attract each other.
Objects with like charges (both negative or both positive) will repel each other.
What gives matter an electric charge?
+ -
+ + - -
(+) and (0) are relatively fixed in the nucleus, but (-) in the outer parts of atom can be transferred between objects.
If the nucleus were a size of a marble, the whole atom is the size of a football stadium
How do objects become charged?
Charging by friction◦rubbing or sliding
Charging by contact◦touching
Induced charge◦Charge brought near object
◦Pg. 532-533
How do objects become charged?
Charge◦More charge = greater force
Distance◦Greater distance = weaker force
Does not require contact due to their electric field
What affects electric force?
+ -
Charge DemosBalloons:-rub hair-wall-other balloon-plasma ball
A set of electrical components that supply one or more paths for movement of charges
Open- incomplete/broken pathClosed- complete/continuous path
What is a circuit?
Current: The rate that electric charges move through a conductor
Resistance: opposition posed to a circuit
What is current and resistance?
Series- same loop◦All resistors on same
loop experience same amount of current
Parallel- multiple loops◦current splits up
among the loops with the individual loop currents adding to the total current
What is a series and parallel circuit?
Open Circuit
Closed Circuit
Series Circuit- 1 bulb- 2 bulb
Parallel Circuit
Build a Circuit
Conductor – a material in which charges move freely and can carry not electric current
Insulator - a material in which charges cannot move freely and does not easily carry electric current
What are conductors and insulators?
Build simple series circuitTest:
- paperclip- penny- nickel- foil- index card- wood stick- string- plastic stick
Conductors and Insulators