[Electric auto at re-charging station] c1919 Aug. 25. · PDF fileInfrastructure: Vehicle...
Transcript of [Electric auto at re-charging station] c1919 Aug. 25. · PDF fileInfrastructure: Vehicle...
Plug-in Hybrid Presentation Toyota Technical Center
March 14th, 2012
PEV COLLABORATIVE MEMBER MEETING
Agenda
PHEV: Introduction
PHEV: Small Battery Approach
PHEV: Maximizing Benefits
PHEV: Infrastructure
HEV
PHEV
FCHV
Passenger cars Route buses
Short-distance vehicles
EV
Winglet
Vehi
cle
size
Delivery trucks
Heavy-duty trucks
Small delivery vehicles
Motorcycles
FCHVs
EVs
HEVs & PHEVs with I.C.E.
Driving Distance
Hydrocarbon Electricity Energy sources
Hydrogen
i-REAL
FCHV(BUS)
Intro: Vision of Future Market
EVs Short-distance vehicles; HEVs & PHEVs with ICE Wide-use vehicles; FCHVs Wide-use including heavy-duty vehicles.
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
Intro: Advanced Technology Portfolio
Hybrid Vehicle (HEV)
Fuel Cell (2011)
[ RAV4-EV ]
[FCV-R]
[ Prius ]
[ FT-EV ]
[ Prius PHEV ]
Intro: Beginnings
Objective: Incorporate the advantages of electrification into the highly efficient hybrid platform.
PHEVs ultimate goal is to gain customer acceptance of vehicle electrification technology.
Electrification, as a transportation fuel, offers: ü Reliably abundant supply Low cost Existing infrastructure
Objective: Utilize existing HEV platform
7
2 Main Modifications Adding a high power Lithium-
Ion Battery to provide 11 mile AER
On board installation of a
120V/240V Charger
Base HVBase HV
Engine
Motor
Battery NiNi--MHMH
AC AC SynchroSynchro. . + Boost Converter+ Boost Converter+ Reduction Gear+ Reduction Gear
1.8L1.8L 73kW73kW
60kW60kW
Atkinson & Atkinson & Cooled EGRCooled EGR
PHVPHV
←←
←←
LithiumLithium--ionion1.3kWh1.3kWh 5.2kWh5.2kWh
Intro: Beginnings
[Use HEV Components] +
[Add Li-Ion Battery] =
Allows high volume platform with modest cost investment
Small Battery Approach: Size Matters
VS
L Large battery packs are more $$$,
L Large battery packs are heavier,
L Complicates packaging, compromises vehicle design,
L Large packs have lower utilization factors.
L Large packs require greater charging infrastructure requirements.
Small Battery
PHEVs - cost
effective.
Large battery packs enable longer EV range.
Small Battery Approach: Technology Comparison
Small battery PHEVs can provide:
Coverage of all daily driving trips
Match BEV in gas savings
A significantly less costly platform
11 mi 35 mi 73 mi
58%
Maximizing Benefits
Small battery PHEV benefits of:
ü improved fuel efficiency, ü GHG reductions,
ü fuel cost savings,
become greater when the charging frequency increases.
Frequent Charging
Increased EV
Driving
Maximizing Benefits
Maximizing Benefits: Field data
Field data characterizing charge frequency
Number of Daily Charges & Fuel Efficiency
Fuel
Effi
cien
cy [
L/10
0km
]
Dai
ly C
harg
e, T
imes
per
Day
Ordered by number of daily charges
Profiled user, based on charging frequency:
User A: Twice / day User B: Once / day User C: Once in 5 days
Reduction in Gasoline Usage
Baseline gasoline vehicle
C B A
R
atio
of f
uel c
onsu
mpt
ion
[%]
� Fuel saved, compared to gasoline vehicle
Maximizing Benefits: Field Data
Analysis showing maximum potential reduction in fuel consumption:
80%
Trip Length, km.
Ratio of fuel consumption, per trip segment
EV Operation
HEV Operation
Assumes fully charged @ each trip Summing up the results…
Maximizing Benefits
Increased charging enhances EV operation and maximizes fuel efficiency during short trip operation.
ð PHEVs provide an efficient platform and the opportunity to recharge more often proportionally improves this efficiency.
To recharge more often, efforts are needed to improve the convenience of charging on both the vehicle and infrastructure side.
Infrastructure:
Vehicle Side:
ð Wireless charging, vehicle efficiency and EV range improvements.
Infrastructure: ð Recognize recharging differences of PHEVs vs. BEVs.
ð PHEVs have low power charging requirements
Small Battery Large Battery
ü Less time to charge ü Frequent charging desirable ü Charge not critical
ü Long charge times ü Charging needs plan/schedule ü Critical for vehicle operation
Public infrastructure should support PHEVs: à Accessible and available so PHEV users can recharge often.
R&D efforts to enhance the customer’s recharge experience.
Infrastructure: Vehicle Technology
Park and charge: Pads transmit power wirelessly from garage floor to the bottom of a car.
Witricity
BATTERY: R & D of next-generation secondary batteries with performance that greatly exceeds Lithium-ion batteries.
Magnetic Resonance Inductive
Coupling
• PHEVs have the best potential for gaining mass market acceptance due to their ability to cover all customers driving.
• Smaller battery PHEVs offer the more cost effective solution.
• Frequent charging results in optimizing the fuel efficiency and GHG reduction of the PHEV.
• To achieve successful commercialization, vehicle recharging must be accessible and convenient for all customers.
Conclusion