Eldred van Straten, GIS Marketing SSA – Kigali, Rwanda 2013 The ZX-Family ABB …€¦ · ·...

© ABB Group June 20, 2013 | Slide 1

The ZX-Family ABB Gas-insulated medium voltage primary switchgear

Eldred van Straten, GIS Marketing SSA – Kigali, Rwanda 2013


Career 1991 – 1999 Commissioning Engineer Eskom (National PTM&C) - Johannesburg 1999 – 2007 Technical Manager: Power System Protection Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality – Port Elizabeth 2007 – Present Senior Sales Engineer ABB South Africa – Port Elizabeth - Utilities and Industry (Eastern Cape area) - Wind Business Coordinator (South Africa) - MV GIS Promoter (SSA) since Nov 2012

Background of speaker Eldred van Straten - Career


Location Port Elizabeth, South Africa

Background of speaker Eldred van Straten - Location


Background of speaker Eldred van Straten – Location Port Elizabeth, South Africa


Standards for MV switchgear Internal Arc in Switchgear Primary MV GIS Application and Concepts ZX Family Common characteristics and family members ZX Technology Benefits ZX “Live” ABB Calor Emag – Location, Portfolio, Key data ZX from manufacturing to operation Cost of ownership Conclusion

The ZX-Family Agenda


Standards for MV Switchgear


Primary Distribution Switchgear, History of standards IEC 60694 – Standard for switchgear

IEC 60694 Common Specifications for switchgear

Standard concerned mainly with the electrical capability of switchgear, i.e. Ratings and functionality.

Type testing consisted of:

Short time current withstand

Dielectric withstand

Temperature rise

IP rating

Specification concentrates on electrical

capability


Primary Distribution Switchgear, History of standards IEC 60298 – Standard for switchgear

IEC 60298 Additional standard for switchgear

Standard in addition to the established IEC60694 standard where safety from internal arc is then considered:

Type testing consisted of:

Internal arc testing for operator safety

Short time current withstand

Dielectric withstand

Temperature rise

IP rating

First edition 1990

Specification includes

internal arc capability “safety”


Primary Distribution Switchgear, History of standards IEC 62271 -200 New standard for switchgear

IEC 62271-200 New Classifications for Switchgear (Replacing IEC 60289)

Broader definition “Metal Enclosed” with specific definitions to cover all types of switchgear

Partitioning – (PM, PI)

Interlocking – (Tool / Interlock based)

Loss of service continuity (LSC)

Internal arc classification IAC according to the new IEC 62271-200 Annex A

First edition of standard 2003

Specification improves on internal arc

capability, and other important safety features


Common numbering of publications

IEC 62271 series

HIGH-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR Old IEC number, if any

Part New title

1 Common specifications IEC 60694

2 Seismic qualification for rated voltages of 72,5 kV and above -

100 High-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers IEC 60056

101 Synthetic testing IEC 60427

102 High-voltage alternating current disconnectors and earthing switches IEC 60129

103 Switches for rated voltages above 1 kV and less than 52 kV IEC 60265-1

104 Switches for rated voltages of 52 kV and above IEC 60265-2

105 Alternating current switch-fuse combinations IEC 60420

106 Alternating current contactors and contactor-based motor-starters IEC 60470

107 Alternating current switchgear-fuse combinations -

108 Switchgear having combined functions -

109 Series capacitor by-pass switches -

200 AC metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV

IEC 60298

Standards IEC 62271 – Series for MV switchgear

All Standards are important for MV Switchgear


MV Switchgear- IEC 62271-200

Circuit Breakers- IEC 62271-100

Current transformers - IEC 60044-1

Voltage transformers - IEC 60044-2

Earth Switches - IEC 62271 – 102

Cable Live VDS - IEC 61243-5

Cable Compartment


Primary Distribution Switchgear, History of standards Certification of switchgear

Switchgear is considered compliant if tested in accordance with test procedures and parameters of standard. Certified and tested equipment can be

considered as:

Safe to operate

High in quality

Reliable

Functional

Internal Arc in Switchgear


What is an internal arc


Characteristics of an internal arc is the result of a rapid release of

energy due to an arcing fault between phases, neutral or a ground.

arises when current passes through a dielectric, usually air

dissipates maximum peak power

has a temperature up to five times the surface temperature of the sun

(20,000°C)

has a light intensity more than 2000 times that of normal office light

causes volumetric expansion of approximately 40,000 x


Rodents, Reptiles and insects

Mislaid and forgotten tools

Faulty insulation or operation

Accidents during work

Causes of an internal arc


Effects of an Internal arc

Effects of an internal arc fault Pressure increases in an enclosed compartment Rapid onset (<15 ms) results in explosive forces Thermal effects, and hot gases present The longer the arc is allowed to burn the greater the risks of damages, and injuries to nearby

personnel.

1 10 100 1000

Con

sequ

ence

of

Inte

rnal

arc

faul

t

time in ms

Cable fire Copper fire Steel fire

Conventional protection device - Dramatic consequences expected - Severe injuries and equipment damage (Dependant on switchgear design)

Fast protection devices - Limited consequences expected for people and equipment damage (Dependant on switchgear design)


Phases of an Internal Arc

1 Compression Phase

2 Expansion Phase

3 Emission Phase

4 Thermal Phase

Four phases of the pressure curve for an internal arc fault

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

time (ms)

Ove

r Pre

sseu

re in

cub

icle

(Bar

)

1 2 3 4


Phases of an Internal Arc

1 Compression Phase

2 Expansion Phase

3 Emission Phase

4 Thermal Phase


Criteria for switchgear to comply with

IEC 62271- 200 Annexure A 1. Correctly secured doors and covers

do not open

2. No fragmentation of the enclosure occurs within the test time

3. Arcing does not cause holes in the accessible sides, up to a height of 2m

4. Indicators do not ignite due to effect of hot gases

5. The enclosure remains connected to its earthing point

Criteria to pass arc test according to 62271-200


Internal Arc IEC 62271 -200 Type test.

Type test comprises of: Simulation of an internal fault in a switchgear

compartments Resulting in a destructive arc

Fire and hot gases Fast pressure rise

Simulation of an operator standing next to the switchgear by means of cotton indicators

After the fault current has been switched off:

Assessment of the test: - Visual inspection - High-speed video - Oscillograms

If test was successful, a type test report can be issued

A type test report provides evidence for health and safety of operators!

UniGear ZS1 with arc ducting undergoing an internal arc test


Internal Arc IAC Classification

Front Lateral

Rear

ZX1.2 Gas Insulated Switchgear


100 ms 700 ms

Feeder CB

Remote Switchboard

I>

Incomer CB

Local Switchboard

ARC I>

I> I>

Fault persists even if CB is operated by Arc protection system

Incomer cable fault has to be cleared by remote CB Therefore switchgear must be able to withstand an arc fault for ≥ 500 ms

400 ms

20 ms

ABB Primary Distribution Switchgear Primary protection from 1 second IAC Rating


Primary MV GIS Application


Primary MV GIS Switchgear for the primary distribution level application

Industry

Primary distribution

level

Secondary distribution

level

Household


Primary MV GIS Applications

Power supply utilities Power and transformer stations

Industry Steelworks, rolling mills, etc. Chemical industry Automobile industry Petrochemicals (pipeline systems) Mining Marine Offshore facilities, oil rigs Ships

Transport Airports, harbours, railway

Services Shopping centres, hospitals


MV Switchgear What do customers need ???


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What do our customers in Rwanda require? Deliver and distribute energy without interruptions Highest availability of equipment Minimise accidents and dangers to human life Highest safety for employees Small footprint Space saving Reduced installation time Easy busbar installation arrangement Reduce total cost of ownership Cost effective solution, low overall lifetime costs

ZX Technology Addressing pain points and needs


k

ZX ZX video clip

ZX Family Key features and family members


High dielectric strength Insulates 2.5 times better than air Enables compact design with less raw materials (= less CO2)

Environmentally relevant properties Non-reactive and non-toxic No damage to the ozone layer But relevant as greenhouse gas (MV GIS - incl. RMU - adds up

< 0.005% to the greenhouse effect in Germany) ABB approach: ZX closed cycle concept & extremely low

leakage rates (<0.1% p.a.)

Legislation & Limitations MV GIS customers do not have to report SF6 amounts! No limitation of use!

Primary MV GIS Sulphur Hexafloride (SF6)


SF6

SBB - AIS

Space saving GIS = 60 %

DBB - AIS

Space saving GIS = 70 %

Primary MV GIS AIS and GIS footprint of 10 units: 36kV, 1250A, 25kA

DBB - GIS

SBB - GIS


Primary MV GIS AIS and GIS concept

AIS Concept

Medium voltage air insulated

Ambient conditions have influence on insulation behavior (humidity, dirt, vermin, salt air, dampness)

Dimensioning and aging behavior depends on insulation quality

Vacuum interrupting medium

SF6

GIS Concept

HV parts are located inside hermetically sealed gas compartments, air is replaced by insulation gas (SF6)

Ambient conditions have no influence on insulation behavior (insulation capability constant over lifetime, independant of altitude of site, no influence by humidity, dirt, vermin, salt air, dampness )

Reduced dimensions

Maintenance free

Vacuum interrupting medium


ZX Family Key features and family members

ZX2

24 40,5 kV

...40 kA ...4000 A

...31,5 kA ...2500 A

(SBB/DBB)

36 12

ZX0 (SBB)

...25 kA ...1250 A

0

ZX0 ZX1.2

ZX2

ZX0.2

(SBB) ZX1.2

(SBB) ZX0.2


ZX Family Gas Compartment Segregation ZX0

SF6

Block design

Up to 5 panels in a block

Most economical of the ZX range

Lower availability due to panels sharing a gas compartment


ZX Family Gas Compartment Segregation ZX0.2

SF6

One gas compartment per panel

Solidly insulated busbars

Three position disconnector and circuit breaker in one chamber


ZX Family Gas Compartment Segregation ZX1.2 & 2

SF6

2/3 gas compartments per panel

Busbars in SF6

Can isolate faulty CB chamber and return busbar to service

Highest availability


ZX Family Panel components

1

4

5

6

8

9

13 14 15

16

17

12

14

10

11

2 3

12

7

Double busbar feeder for 2000A

1 HMI of control unit 2 Three-position switch operating mechanism 3 Three-position switch 4 Gas density sensor (temperature compensated) 5 Circuit-breaker operating mechanism 6 Secondary terminals of current transformer 7 Cable socket 8 Cable plug 9 Electronic of control unit 10 Voltage transformer 11 Multifunctional socket 12 Pressure relief disk 13 Current transformer 14 Pressure relief duct 15 Circuit-breaker 16 Measuring sockets for capacitive voltage indication

system 17 Busbars

SF6


Internal Arc Classification according to IEC 62271 – 200: IAC AFL(R)

IAC Internal arc classification

A Switchgear installed in closed rooms with access restricted to authorized personnel only, 300 mm distance between indicators and panel

FL(R) front, lateral, rear

I 25kA, 31.5kA, 40kA

Time 0.1s, 0.5s, 1s

ZX complies with all relevant IEC standards!

ZX Family IEC 62271 – 200, Internal Arc Classification (IAC)

Tested for highest safety!


ZX Family Key features – SF6 evacuation valve and repair opening

Flexibility to open and repair the panels at site!


ZX Family Features – plug-in technology

Surge arresters

Voltage transformers

Test plugs BB extension

Cable plugs

Blind plugs

Secondary equipment


ZX Family Features – plug-in busbar connections

Simple and safe installation: Factory-tested panels

Reproducible electric connection of primary conductors

Short installation time

No gas works at site!

No screw connection of primary conductors!


ZX Family Shared features – concepts of protection and control

Type

RELION® (multifunctional relays)

PCU100/200 (panel control unit)

Semaphore indicators and control switches

Full flexibility!


ZX Technology Benefits


ZX Technology Our solution – Highest safety for employees

All live parts are touch-proof! Probability of internal faults is

minimized! Even in the unlikely case of an

internal fault: Personnel is completely safe due

to pressure relief duct system!


ZX “Live” From manufacturing to operation


ABB Calor Emag Medium Voltage Products Focused Feeder Factory – location Ratingen


ABB Calor Emag Medium Voltage Products Product portfolio

VD4 ZX-Family Vacuum interrupters

Components

Apparatus

Gas-insulated switchgaear

Poles


ABB Calor Emag Medium Voltage Products Key data

Experience in GIS: since 1965 2. generation of MV GIS: first ZV, since

1995: ZX Product types: ZX0, ZX0.2, ZX1.2, ZX2


ZX “Live” Manufacturing of ZX


ZX “Live” Quality control – panel testing primary part

Factory-assembled and tested panels of highest quality!

Functional test Gas tightness test (leakage rate below 0,1% p.a.) High voltage test of the main circuit

Power frequency withstand voltage Partial discharge measurement


ZX “Live” Delivery of ZX panels

Complete switchboards

Factory assembled / factory tested /

factory gas filled Single panels as transport units

SF6 factory-filled to operating

pressure Prepaired for transport via crane or

fork lift


ZX “Live” Easy installation of ZX panels

Simple and quick installation

Installation on floor frames or

intermediate floor system

Simple connection of panels via

plug-in technology

Cable connection via cable plugs


ZX “Live” Easy installation of ZX panels


Primary MV Switchgear AIS and GIS – Costs of ownership


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Determinants: Availability – rate of failure Maintenance – costs and resulting down time of system Space requirements on civil works and transport Lifetime Time for installation and testing at site Interest rate Inflation rate



0 40 10 t (a)

P (Rand)

20 30

Initial Investment Costs

GIS AIS


0


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Cost simulation!



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Assuming Price (GIS) = +20% of Price (AIS) implies: You get an GIS for the costs of an AIS – plus another at least 10 years of FREE operation! The acummulated costs/year of operating a GIS are 20-25% lower than operating an AIS!



Conclusion ZX advantages


Conclusion Reference customer specification


Conclusion ZX advantages

Space saving

Simple and safe installation due to plug-in technology

No gas handling at site

Protected against ambient conditions

Minimum maintenance, maintenance-free MV part

Increased availability, less downtime of plant

Increased safety for staff

Reduced lifecycle cost and total cost of ownership

Eldred van Straten, GIS Marketing SSA – Kigali, Rwanda 2013 The ZX-Family ABB …€¦ · ·...

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