ELCT 563 – Semiconductor Electronic Devicesee.sc.edu/personal/faculty/simin/ELCT563/01...
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Transcript of ELCT 563 – Semiconductor Electronic Devicesee.sc.edu/personal/faculty/simin/ELCT563/01...
Course textbook:
Solid State Electronic Devices by Ben StreetmanISBN: 9780131497269
Getting to Know Semiconductorsby M. E. Levinshtein, G. S. Simin
World Scientific Pub Co.ISBN: 9810207603
Additional reading:
Transistors: From Crystals to Integrated Circuits
by M. E. Levinshtein, G. S. SiminWorld Scientific Pub Co.
ISBN: 9810227434
ELCT 563 Goals and Objectives
Why taking ELCT 563?
To get 3 credit hours
To make your advisor (boss) happy
Other reasons?
Old economic wisdom
Adam Smith, "An Enquiry into Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" (1776)
The wealth is created by a laissez-faire economy and free trade
John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1936)
The wealth is created by careful government planning and government stimulation of economy.
Modern economic wisdom
Paul Romer, an economist and professor at Stanford University (1990s)
The wealth is created by innovations and inventions, such as computer chips.
Electronic industry is now the largest industry in the US
Electronic industry produces 106 - 107 transistors per person per year
Semiconductor devices are WIDELY used
Solid state Lighting
Microwave devices:Varactors, Schottky diodes, transit time devices, bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), heterostructure bipolar transistors (HBTs), MOSFETs, MESFETs, and high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs).
~800 pages;
data on over 180 devices(only main device types included)
Time required to learn all of these devices one-by-one: lifetime
What are the different semiconductor devices?
What are the different semiconductor devices?
Alternative approach: learn the key concepts.
Time required: One semester (ELCT 563)
Number of device types: Thousands
Number of key device concepts:
10 - 20
History of Semiconductors
1821: Thomas Seebeck discovered semiconductor properties of PbS
1833: Michael Faraday reported on conductivity temperature dependence of semiconductors
1875: Werner von Siemens invented a selenium photometer1878: Alexander Graham Bell used this device for wireless
optical communications1907 Round demonstrated the first LED (using SiC)1940 Russell Ohl discovered a p-n junction diode
Seebeck
von Siemens
History of Semiconductors
Russell Ohl – Inventor of a p-n junction (1940)
In 1939, vacuum tubes were state of the art in radio equipment. Most scientists agreed tubes were the future for radio and telephones everywhere.
Russell Ohl didn't agree. He kept right on studying crystals, occasionally having to fight Bell Labs administration to let him do it.
History of Semiconductors
1947: Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley discovered a Bipolar Junction transistor
"The Transistor was probably the most important invention of the 20th Century…”
The American Institute of Physics
Transistors
First Transistor,
1947
First Integrated Circuit,
1958
Intel’s 1.7 BillionTransistor Chip
2004
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956
More recent history
1954, Chapin, Fuller, and Pearson developed a solar cell.
1958, John Kilby, invented the Integrated Circuit (IC).
1958, Leo Esaki discovered a tunnel diode (Esaki diode).
1960, Kahng and Atalla demonstrated the first MOSFET.
1962, three groups headed by Hall, Nathan, and Quist demonstrated a semiconductor laser.
1963, Gunn discovered microwave oscillations in GaAs and InP (Ridley-Watkins-Hilsum-Gunn effect).
1963, Wanlass and Sah introduced CMOS technology
1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007
After: crepuscule.sourceforge.net/archive5.html
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Transistor technology evolution1995Power PC 620 (Apple, IBM, and Motorola)• 0.5 micron CMOS technology,• 133 MHz clock rate• 7 million transistors• 3.3 V power supply• 30 W power dissipation WHY SO SMALL?
WHAT IS CMOS?
WHY SO MUCH?
2007: 45 nm technology WHY high-k dielectric?
ELCT 563is one of the core courses in the department of
electrical engineering. The students will gain understanding and will be able
to solve problems on basic semiconductor material properties, principles and characteristics of
semiconductor p-n junction and Schottky diodes, field-effect transistors (JFETs, MESFETs, and MOSFETs), and bipolar junction transistors.
ELCT563 Syllabus
Topic Text book reference*
1. Basic properties of semiconductors Ch. 3, 4
2. Junctions, diodes and contacts Ch. 5
3. Field-Effect transistors(JFET, MESFET, HEMT, MOSFET)
Ch. 6
4. Bipolar junction transistors Ch. 7
5. Optoelectronic devices Ch. 8
6. Integrated circuits Ch. 9
7. Microwave and high-power devices (Tunnel diode, Gunn diode, Thyristor)
Ch. 10
* Additional course material can also be used and will appear in the class notes.
