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Elcometer 110

P.A.T.T.I.® Pneumatic Adhesion Tester

Operating Instructions

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This product meets the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive.The product is Class B, Group 1 ISM equipmetn according toCISPR 11.

Group 1 ISM product: A product in which there is intentionally generated and/or used conductively coupled radio-frequency energy which is necessary forthe internal functioning of the equipment.Class B products are suitable for use in domestic establishments and inestablishments directly connected to a low voltage power supply networkwhich supplies buildings used for domestic purposes.

is a registered trademark of Elcometer Limited.The Elcometer 110 P.A.T.T.I.® and its use are protected under US Patent No.4567758P.A.T.T.I.® is a registered trademark of SEMicro Division, M.E. Engineering Inc.P.A.T.T.I.® is an acronym for Pneumatic Adhesion Tensile Testing InstrumentAraldite is a registered trademark of Ciba-Geigy plc

All other trademarks acknowledged.© Copyright Elcometer Limited. 2008/2010.

All rights reserved. No part of this Document may be reproduced, transmitted,transcribed, stored (in a retrieval system or otherwise) or translated into anylanguage, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, magnetic,optical, manual or otherwise) without the prior written permission ofElcometer Limited.

A copy of this Instruction Manual is available for download on our Website viawww.elcometer.com.

Doc.No. TMA-0187 Issue 06Text with Cover No: 4858

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CONTENTSSection Page

1 About your tester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.1 Basic principle of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.2 The control module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.3 The piston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.4 Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3 Safety precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4 Preparing for a test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.1 Attaching the pull stub to the coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.2 Preparing the control module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.3 Pressurising the system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.4 Preparing the piston. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

5 Pull off test procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.1 Pull off test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.2 After the test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

6 Recording the Pull Off Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

7 Piston burst pressure to POTS conversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

8 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

9 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

10 Accessories and spare parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

11 Technical specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

12 Related equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

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hank you for your purchase of this Elcometer 110 Pneumatic AdhesionTester. Welcome to Elcometer.

Elcometer are world leaders in the design, manufacture and supply ofinspection equipment for coatings and concrete.Our products cover all aspects of coating inspection, from development throughapplication to post application inspection.The Elcometer 110 is a world beating product. With the purchase of this productyou now have access to the worldwide service and support network ofElcometer. For more information visit our website at www.elcometer.com

1 ABOUT YOUR TESTER

The Elcometer 110 Pneumatic Adhesion Tester is a simple-to-use instrumentfor measuring the bond strength between a coating and a substrate.The tester uses a pneumatically operated piston to apply a tensile force alongthe axis of a pull stub which has been glued to the coating. The tester measuresthe pressure in the piston during the test and records the pressure at the pointof coating failure or at the point when the test is stopped.The values obtained provide a quantitative measure of the strength of the bondbetween a coating and its substrate or the strength of an adhesive.

1.1 StandardsThe Elcometer 110 can be used in accordance with the following National andInternational Standards:• ASTM D 4541• AS/NZS 1580.480.5• ISO 16276-1

1.2 What the box contains• Elcometer 110 Pneumatic Adhesion Tester control module• Connection hose• Adhesive masks, x 25• Cut-off rings, x 25• Talcum powder• Carry case• PP3 battery

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• Recorder jack plug• CO2 cartridge holder• Adhesive, 1 pack• Piston selection card and conversion chart• Operating instructionsNote : Pistons are not supplied as standard and must be orderedseparately. See “Accessories and spare parts” on page 18

Figure 1. Elcometer 110 kit of parts

The Elcometer 110 Pneumatic Adhesion Tester is packed in a cardboard andfoam package. Please ensure that this packaging is disposed of in anenvironmentally sensitive manner. Consult your local Environmental Authorityfor further guidance.

To maximise the benefits of your new Elcometer 110 Pneumatic AdhesionTester please take some time to read these Operating Instructions. Do nothesitate to contact Elcometer or your Elcometer supplier if you have anyquestions.

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2 GETTING STARTED

2.1 Basic principle of operationAn aluminium pull stub is glued to the test surface. When the glue has fullycured, a pulling piston is attached to the pull stub (Figure 2).A reservoir inside the control module is pressurised by a CO2 cartridge or by acompressed air line.The control module is connected to the pulling piston by a hose.The control module applies increasing pressure to the pull stub until it becomesdetached from the test surface or until the test is stopped.The control module registers the maximum pressure (psig) attained and thisvalue can be converted to bond strength (POTS) - see “Piston burst pressureto POTS conversion” on page 17

Figure 2. Principle of operation

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2.2 The control module

Front panelAll functions of your tester are controlled from the front panel of the controlmodule (Figure 3).

Figure 3. Control module - front panel

1. Run (Push): Push button to start a test.2. Supply pressure: Analogue pressure gauge displaying the pressure of the

compressed air line connected to the air line input at the rear of the controlmodule, or the pressure remaining in the internal reservoir. When operatingusing the internal reservoir, the supply pressure will slowly decrease duringa test.

3. Rate: Rotate to adjust rate at which the piston pressure increases during atest.

4. Piston pressure (psig): Digital pressure gauge displaying the pressureinside the piston. Piston pressure will start at zero and slowly increaseduring a test.

5. Piston: Outlet for piston connecting hose.6. Reset: Push button to reset digital piston pressure gauge to zero.7. On/Off/On: Rotate to switch the instrument on or off.

100.0Run (Push)

Rate

Supply Pressure

PATTI

OffOn

OnReset

Piston

Piston Pressure (PSIG)

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Back panel (Figure 4)

Figure 4. Control module - back panel

1. Zero reset: Press the Reset button on the front panel and then, ifnecessary, rotate Zero reset on the back panel to set the digital pistonpressure gauge to zero.

2. Battery compartment: Insert one 9 V PP3 battery.3. 9 V dc in: Inlet for optional external 9 V power supply4. Recorder output: Electrical interface for monitoring or recording of

pressure during a test.5. Air-line in: Interface for connection to compressed air line or optional

trigger operated inflator.6. CO2 cartridge: Interface for connection to CO2 cartridge.

zero reset recorder output

+ 44 (0)161 371 6000sales@elcometer.comwww.elcometer.com

air-line in

CO cartridge2Elcometer 110

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9V dc in

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2.3 The piston

Standard pistons

Figure 5. Standard piston components, pull stub and hoses

F20 PistonThe F20 piston (Figure 6) differs from the standard pistons as it has two pistongaskets. The compressed air supply to each of the gaskets can be switched onor off, therefore allowing the piston to be used as:• an F8 piston (air supply to inner gasket only)• an F12 piston (air supply to outer gasket only)• or as an F20 piston (air supply to inner and outer gaskets)To switch off the airsupply to a gasket,remove the gasket toreveal the tapped holein the piston housing.Insert into this hole oneof the two screws withO-ring supplied withyour piston and tightengently.

Reactionplate

Piston gasket

Piston housing

Pull stub

Piston hose

Connectinghose

Figure 6. F20 Piston

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2.4 Power supplyYour Elcometer 110 Pneumatic Adhesion Tester is powered by a single 9 V drycell battery or direct from the mains electricity using the optional external powersupply.• To fit the battery, slide open the battery compartment at the rear of the

tester and insert the battery taking care to observe the correct polarity. Slidethe battery compartment closed when you are finished.

If appears on the display, change the battery.

• Plug the optional power supply into the mains outlet and connect the lead tothe socket marked ‘9 V DC in’ on the rear of the control module. There is noneed to remove the battery while the tester is powered from the mains.

3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

USE EXTREME CAUTION WHEN CARRYING OUT PULL OFFTESTS.

Due to the high pressures utilised (up to 100 psi), pieces of the test sample orapparatus may fragment, and consequently, safety precautions should befollowed at all times.The control module should be as far removed as possible from the surfaceunder test (i.e. the full length of the connecting hose).Pull off may occur at any pressure level. At pull off point the piston (with the pullstub attached) will be forced upwards from the test surface. Consequently,while waiting for pull off to occur you must not lean over, or place any part ofyour body over, the test surface.When releasing pressure from the system (see page 16), ensure that your faceis not over the piston.Use extreme caution when disconnecting hoses while the system is pressurised(see page 16).

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4 PREPARING FOR A TEST

4.1 Attaching the pull stub to the coatingThese instructions describe the use of Araldite epoxy resin to attach the pullstub to the coating. Use of other adhesives may require different surfacepreparations and/or application techniques. Please refer to the relevantmanufacturers recommended procedures.1. To ensure good adhesion, the pull stub and test surface must be clean and

free from debris and contaminants e.g. skin oils etc. Any recognisedmethod for cleaning and degreasing aluminium may be used. Apply anadhesive mask to each test surface.

2. Mix the epoxy. Apply to the blast cleaned end of the pull stub and some tothe middle of the mask, press it into the roughened surface of the pull stubto fill the voids.Note: Ensure no epoxy gets onto the threaded part of the pull stub.

3. Press the epoxied end of the pull stub to the epoxied area of the testsurface guide the pull stub to the centre of the adhesive mask and maintainpressure for approximately 1 minute.

Figure 7. Attaching a pull stub to the coating

DO NOT rotate or tilt the pull stub in relation to the test surface as this willcreate voids in the epoxy. If this does happen, remove the pull stubimmediately, remove all residual adhesive, restore the blast cleaned(roughened) surface and re-attach the pull stub to the test surface.

4. Allow the epoxy to fully cure (24 hours at room temperature).

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4.2 Preparing the control module1. Attach the connecting hose to the piston outlet on the front panel of the

control module.2. Switch the instrument on by rotating the Off/On control.3. Reset the instrument; press and hold the Reset button, then release.4. Bleed any residual pressure in the connecting hose by pressing the stem in

the centre of the connector carefully. Then push Reset, and at the sametime turn the Zero Reset spindle on the back panel of the control moduleuntil the digital piston pressure gauge reads 00.0. Release Reset.

4.3 Pressurising the systemThe system must be pressurised before it can be used. When the system is fullypressurised (170 psig), sufficient gas is available for 5 tests using the F4 pistonat a maximum pressure of 100 psig.The system can be pressurised using any of the following techniques:• CO2 cartridge + standard cartridge holder.• Compressed air supply using optional hose assembly.• CO2 cartridge + optional trigger inflator.

4.3.1 Pressurising using the standard cartridge holder1. Fit the cartridge into the cartridge holder and screw it into the inlet marked

‘CO2 cartridge’ on the rear panel of the control module until resistance isfelt.

2. Continue screwing the cartridge holder until the cartridge is pierced and thegas is heard to flow into the control module.The analogue supply pressure gauge will indicate the pressure. Excesspressure (above 170 psig) will escape through the relief valve inside thecontrol module; the analogue meter reading should drop to approximately170 psig.

3. Unscrew the cartridge holder and dispose of the empty CO2 cartridge.

4.3.2 Pressurising using a compressed air supplyThe system can be pressurised from an external compressed air supply(compressed air line, compressor, bottle, etc). Ensure that the maximumpressure of the supply is regulated to a maximum of approximately 100 psig.1. Use the optional connecting hose assembly (part number T11013455 - see

“Accessories and spare parts” on page 18) to connect the compressed air

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supply to the inlet marked ‘air-line in’ on the rear panel of the controlmodule.

2. Open the compressed air supply valve to pressurise the control module.The analogue supply pressure gauge will indicate the pressure.The compressed air supply can be left connected to the control moduleduring testing.

3. When you have finished testing, close the compressed air supply valve andremove from the inlet at the rear of the control module.

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4.3.3 Pressurising using the trigger inflator (optional item)The trigger inflator is available as an optional accessory - see “Accessories andspare parts” on page 18.1. Non-threaded cartridges:

Unscrew and remove the handleof the trigger inflator and insertthe cartridge into the handle withthe narrow end up. Screw thehandle slowly onto the body ofthe trigger inflator until thecartridge begins to make contactwith the puncture pin. Withoutdepressing the trigger, quicklyand firmly continue to screw thehandle to puncture and then sealthe cartridge (Figure 8).Threaded cartridges: Unscrewand remove the handle of thetrigger inflator. Screw thecartridge slowly into the valvebody until the cartridge begins tomake contact with the puncturepin. Without depressing thetrigger, quickly and firmlycontinue to screw the cartridgeto puncture and then seal thecartridge (Figure 9).

2. Screw the outlet of the triggerinflator onto the inlet marked ‘air-line in’ on the rear panel of thecontrol module.

3. Depress the trigger of the inflator to pressurise the control module.The analogue supply pressure gauge will indicate the pressure. Excesspressure (above 170 psig) will escape through the relief valve inside thecontrol module; the analogue meter reading should drop to approximately170 psig.

4. Unscrew the outlet of the trigger inflator from the inlet at the rear of thecontrol module. If the CO2 cartridge is exhausted, dispose of the cartridge,otherwise retain for future use.

Figure 8. Inserting a non-threaded cartridge

Figure 9. Inserting a threaded cartridge

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4.4 Preparing the piston1. Rotate the Rate control on the front panel of the control module to 0.005.

Note: The closed position is 0.000. Do not overtighten the Rate control asthis may damage the valve inside the control module.

2. The run rate can be adjusted finely if required, by turning the Rate controlby small increments.

To apply a tensile force increasing at a constant rate of less than 1 N/mm2

per second (150 psi/s), but to reach full force in less than 100 seconds, therun rate should be adjusted to be within the times shown in Table 1. Thisshould be done with the appropriate piston attached.

3. Press and hold Reset to reset the digital meter to 00.0. The time taken toreset is relative to the time taken for maximum pressure to be reached instep 2 above.

4. Attach the piston hose to the valve on the connecting hose (Figure 5).5. Remove the black reaction plate (removing the pull stub from the centre of

the piston) to expose the gasket and then press the Run button.6. The piston gasket must be pushed out using less than 3 psig. If not, remove

the piston gasket from the piston housing being careful not to scratch thevertical walls of the piston housing. Wash the gasket with detergent andwater solution. Wipe dry and lubricate the gasket and piston housing with alight coating of pure talcum powder.

7. Replace the gasket into the piston housing carefully; the concave surfacemust face into the housing.

Table 1: Recommended run rate for 12.7 mm (½") diameter pull stub

PistonMaximum time to

reach 50 psi(seconds)

Minimum time toreach 50 psi(seconds)

F1 50 2F2 50 3.5F4 50 7F8 50 14F12 50 21F16 50 28F20 50 35

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5 PULL OFF TEST PROCEDURE

Before you start a test, the adhesive between the pull stub and the coating mustbe cured. Prepare the instrument and piston - see “Preparing for a test” onpage 9.

5.1 Pull off testIf the adhesion need only be tested to a specified pull off tensile strength(POTS), the pressure must be determined by the burst pressure (BP) to POTSConversion Table - see “Piston burst pressure to POTS conversion” on page 17The test is only successful if pull-off does not occur up to and including thespecified POTS.For best accuracy a piston that pulls off at a high burst pressure (greater than60 psi) should be selected.1. Ensure the metal protection washer inside the piston body is in place.2. With the felt-coated side downwards, place the selected piston over the pull

stub.

Figure 10. A test in progress

3. Thread the reaction plate onto the pull stub until light contact is made withthe piston. Note this orientation.

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4. Unscrew the reaction plate through 90° from the point of contact. This willallow gasket sealing and alignment of the reaction plate perpendicular tothe pull stub axis.

5. The digital piston pressure gauge should read 00.0. If not, adjust the zerosetting by holding in Reset and at the same time turning the Zero resetcontrol on the back panel of the control module. Then release Reset.

6. Press and hold Run until the piston assembly (with attached pull stub)detaches from the surface (pull-off point), or 100 psig is attained.

7. Release Run.

5.1.1 If pull-off has occurred1. Using extreme caution, unscrew the connector hose from the piston

assembly and bleed any residual pressure by pressing the stem in thecentre of the hose valve fitting.

2. Unscrew the reaction plate from the piston and remove the pull stub.3. Record the maximum pressure as indicated on the digital piston pressure

gauge (using correct mathematical rounding), the piston size and nature offailure.

4. Convert the pressure reading to adhesion strength by referring to theappropriate Piston Burst Pressure to POTS Conversion Tables.

If you want to carry out further tests, ensure the system is still correctly setup(Section 4) and then repeat Section 5.1.If the pressure on the analogue meter has dropped below 100 psi it is advisableto re-pressurise the system (Section 4.3) before attempting further pull off tests.

5.1.2 If pull-off has not occurredIf pull-off is required and maximum pressure does not detach the pull stub, itindicates either:-• Too small a piston has been used. Disconnect the connecting hose from the

piston hose, remove the reaction plate and then remove the piston from thepull stub.Ensure the system is correctly setup (Section 4) and then repeat Section5.1 using the next largest F piston.

• There is insufficient pressure in the system. Repressurise the system andrepeat Section 5.1.

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5.2 After the testIt is safe to leave the system pressurised between pull off tests. However, if theinstrument is to be transported, or left unused for a long period of time, it isadvisable to shut down (depressurise) the system.1. If using a regulated gas supply, close the main valve on the supply.2. If pull-off has not occurred, disconnect the connecting hose from the piston

hose, remove the reaction plate and then remove the piston from the pullstub.

3. Reconnect the piston hose connector to the connecting hose to allow thesystem to vent.

4. Open the Rate control on the front panel of the control module (turn it anti-clockwise) to increase the speed of venting.

5. Press and hold Run until the analogue pressure gauge reads 0. Pressurewill vent from the piston causing the piston gasket to extrude.

6. Disconnect the connecting hose from both the piston assembly and thecontrol module.

7. Turn the instrument off to conserve battery life.

6 RECORDING THE PULL OFF TEST

Your tester includes an interface (recorder output) at the rear of the controlmodule which allows the pressure during a test to be monitored or recorded.To use this facility, insert the 3.5 mm jack plug (included) into the recorderoutput terminal on the back of the control module and connect it to your ChartRecorder. This will record the pressure used during the test, but does not recordthe displayed pull off point value.Note: The tip of the 3.5 mm Jack Plug is positive and the case is negative.The output ranges from 0 mV DC to 100 mV DC for 0 psi to 100 psi pressure.The control module output is a differential signal via 2 x 1 kΩ resistors andtherefore a measuring instrument with 200 kΩ input impedance or higher mustbe used to ensure the reading is within 1% of the display.

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7 PISTON BURST PRESSURE TO POTS CONVERSION

POTS = Pull Off Tensile Strength (psi or N/mm²)BP = Burst Pressure (psig) (digital piston pressure gauge reading)Each piston is supplied with a Burst Pressure to Pull Off Tensile StrengthConversion Table for a Standard Pull Stub of 12.7 mm (½") diameter.

Using the Conversion TablesWhen using a BP to POTS Conversion Table, a burst pressure of 55 psig fromthe digital piston pressure gauge converts to a POTS reading on the Tablewhere row 50 and column 5 intersect.

Non-Standard Pull Stub POTSNon-standard pull stub POTS readings must be adjusted to allow for the changein the pull stub area. To do this, divide the POTS reading by the non-standardpull stub area; then multiply this figure by the standard pull stub area.Note: Standard Pull Stub area is 126.7 mm² (0.196 square inches). TheStandard Pull Stub diameter is 12.7 mm (½").

8 STORAGEThis instrument uses a Liquid Crystal Display. If it is heated above 50°C (120°F)it may be damaged. For instance, this can happen if it is left in a parked car instrong sunlight.Remove the battery from the instrument if it is to remain unused for a longperiod of time. This will prevent damage to the instrument in the event ofmalfunction of the battery.

9 MAINTENANCEThe Elcometer 110 Pneumatic Adhesion Tester is designed to give many yearsreliable service under normal operating and storage conditions.A traceable Calibration Certificate can be supplied after any repairs are carriedout. If a Calibration Certificate is required, please notify us when returning theinstrument.The tester does not contain any user-serviceable components. In the unlikelyevent of a fault, the Elcometer 110 should be returned to your local Elcometersupplier or directly to Elcometer. The warranty will be invalidated if theinstrument has been opened. Details of Elcometer offices around the world aregiven on the outside cover of these operating instructions. Alternatively visit theElcometer website, www.elcometer.com

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10 ACCESSORIES AND SPARE PARTS

The following replacement and optional items are available from your localsupplier or direct from Elcometer:

Piston assembly, F1 (0 - 500 psi): T11013400Piston assembly, F2 (0 - 1000 psi): T11013401Piston assembly, F4 (0 - 2000 psi): T11013402Piston assembly, F8 (0 - 4000 psi): T11013403Piston assembly, F16 (0 - 8000 psi): T11013404Piston assembly, F20 (0 - 10000 psi): T11013405

Piston gasket, F1: T11013390Piston gasket, F2: T11013391Piston gasket, F4: T11013392Piston gasket, F8: T11013393Piston gasket, F16: T11013394Piston gasket, F20 (set of 2): T11013395

Pull stub, 12.7 mm (½") diameter, pack of 25: T11013388

Adhesive Mask, pack of 25: T11013389

Pull stub cutter, 12.7 mm (½") diameter: T11014019

CO2 Cartridge Holder (models without 9 V input): T11013261(models with 9 V input): T11019559

CO2 Trigger Inflator (complete kit): T11019558

CO2 Trigger Inflator (trigger valve and body): T11019521

CO2 Trigger Inflator (replacement connecting hose): T11019519

Connecting hose extension (2 m): T11013454

Compressed air supply hose assembly: T11013455

Connection hose (control module to piston): T11013446

Pure talcum powder: T11013451

Carry case: T11013457

Araldite: T99912906

External power supply, UK, 240 V AC 50 Hz: T99699911EUR, 220 V AC 50 Hz: T99699912US, 110 V AC 60 Hz: T99699913

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11 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

Load Range, F1: 0 - 500 psiLoad Range, F2: 0 - 1000 psiLoad Range, F4: 0 - 2000 psiLoad Range, F8: 0 - 4000 psiLoad Range, F12: 0 - 6000 psi (As part of F20 piston assembly)Load Range, F16: 0 - 8000 psiLoad Range, F20: 0 - 4000/10,000 psi (F8 + F12 combined)

Operating temperature: 0°C to 45°C (0°F to 113°F)

Minimum test sample size: 50 mm x 50 mm (2" x 2")

Rate of load application: Adjustable to <1 N/mm²/s (150 psi/s)

Control module dimensions): 100 mm x 255 mm x 255 mm (4" x 10" x 10")

Weight: 2.7 kg (5.9 lb)(without carry case or accessories)

Internal power supply: 9 V (PP3)

External power supply: UK, 240 V AC 50 HzEUR, 220 V AC 50 HzUS, 110 V AC 60 Hz

Display type: 3 digit Liquid Crystal Display

Control module accuracy: 0.5 psi

Piston accuracy: As stated on POTS Conversion Table

Carry case: Black, padded, woven nylon

Chart recorder

Output impedance: 2 kΩ

Minimum impedance: 200 kΩ

Maximum cable length: 2 m (6ft 6")

Cable Type (recommended): Single core screened

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12 RELATED EQUIPMENT

In addition to the Elcometer 110, Elcometer produces a wide range of otherequipment for determining the physical characteristics of surface coatings.Users of the Elcometer 110 may also benefit from the following Elcometerproducts:• Elcometer Mechanical Adhesion Testers• Elcometer Hydraulic Adhesion Testers• Elcometer Cross Hatch Cutters• Elcometer Coating Thickness Gauges• Elcometer Pinhole and Porosity DetectorsFor further information contact Elcometer, your local supplier or visitwww.elcometer.com

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