El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a...
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Transcript of El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a...
![Page 1: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5665b4361a28abb57c900ce8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3)
1. A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past.
2. The beginning or end of an action in the past.
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• Regular verb endings in the pretérito:
-AR -é -amos-aste -asteis-ó -aron
-ER/ IR -í -imos-iste -isteis-ió -ieron
Las terminaciones (del pretérito)
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All of these (in black) have the endings:-e -imos-iste -isteis-o, -ieron
Tener tuv-Estar estuv-Ir/Ser (fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueronPoder pud-Poner pus-Traer traj- Hacer hic- (hizo)Saber sup-Querer quis-Caber cup-Venir vin-Decir dij-Andar anduv-Ver (vi, viste, vio, vimos, visteis, vieron)Dar (di, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron)
El PretéritoLos verbos irregulares
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Más verbos irregulares
• Verbs that end in –car, -gar, and –zar– -car: “c” becomes “qu”• Buscar, busqué, buscaste, etc.
– -gar: “g” becomes “gu”• Llegar, llegué, leegaste, etc.
– -zar: “z” becomes “c”• Almorzar, almorcé, almorzaste
• ONLY IN FIRST PERSON SINGULAR
El Pretérito
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Por ejemplo…
• Explicar– Expliqué– Explicaste– Explicó– Explicamos– Explicasteis – Explicaron
• Only the “yo” form changes the last letter
•Llegar• Llegué• Llegaste• Llegó• Llegamos• Llegasteis • llegaron
•Almorzar• Almorcé• Almorzaste• Almorzó• Almorzamos• Almorzasteis• Almorzaron
El Pretérito
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Verbos que cambien “i” a “y”
• LeerLeí LeimosLeiste Leisteis Leyó Leyeron
• Otros verbos como “leer”:– Caerse (se cayó, se cayeron)– Creer (creyó, creyeron)– Oir (oyó, oyeron)– Poseer (poseyó, poseyeron)
• Traer, atraer, and –guir verbs are exceptions to this rule
El Pretérito
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Verbos que terminen en “uir” (pero no “guir)
• Concluir– Concluí– Concluiste– Concluyó– Concluimos– Concluisteis – Concluyeron
• Otros verbos como “concluir”– Atribuir (atribuyó,
atribuyeron)– Construir (construyó,
construyeron)– Distribuir (distribuyó,
distribuyeron)
El Pretérito
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Y los cambios de raíz (stem changers)
• -ar stem changers are regular in the preterite• -ir stem changers changes “e” to “i” in él, ella, usted,
ellos, ella, ustedes forms
El Pretérito
Sentir (“e” to “ie” stem changer in present)
Sentí SentimosSentiste Sentisteis Sintió Sintieron
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Más cambios de raíz
• O to U• Dormir (“o” to “ue” in present)– Dormí– Dormiste– Durmió– Dormimos– Dormisteis – Durmieron
• Again, only in the él, ella, usted, ellos, ellas forms
El Pretérito
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El Imperfecto: los usos p.8-9
1. Descriptions in the past
2. Action that went on for a period of time but no specific. *No reference to its beginning or end.
3. Habitual action
4. Background orsetting
5. Time of day in past
6. Age in past
7. Mental or physical state in the past
*saber, conocer, querer, estar, creer, tener- usually imperfect
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-AR -aba -ábamos-abas -abais -aba -aban
-ER/ IR -ía -íamos-ías -íais-ía -ían
Las terminaciones (del imperfecto)
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Los Irregulares
• IR- iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban• SER- era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran• VER- veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían
el imperfecto
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Pretérito vs. Imperfecto
• Cuaderno p. 14
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El Presente Perfecto: los usos p. 16• Used to talk about events that have occurred in a
period of time that began in the past & continues to the present
• Today, this afternoon, this year, always, not yet• Formed with the present tense of haber and the past
participle of the verb
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La Formación el presente perfecto
• Formas de HABER + participio pasado
he hemoshas habéis + AR= adoha han ER/IR= ido
• “have” or “has” + past participle Ejemplos (inglés): he has seen, have you tried?, they haven’t eaten.
Past participle (en inglés)
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Escribe HABER + COMER en el presente perfecto:
He comido Hemos comidoHas comido Habéis comidoHa comido Han comido
Escribe HABER + VER en el presente perfecto:
He visto Hemos visto Has visto Habéis visto Ha visto Han visto
el presente perfecto
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• Ricardo ha grabado su película favorita.• Sus hermanos han grabado una
telenovela. *los participios pasados NO CAMBIAN*Solo las formas de HABER cambian
el presente perfecto
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Ejemplosel presente perfecto
• Yo he trabajado por más de ocho horas.• I have worked for more than eight hours.
• Este año tú has estado muy ocupado.• This year you have been very busy.
• Todavía no hemos leído todo el cuento.• We have not read the whole story yet.
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Reflexivos y “se” “se” y “no” se encuentra antes del verbo
(haber)1. No he comido hoy2. ¿Se ha bañado ya?3. No me he mejorado todavía
el presente perfecto
Haber + participio pasado“no” y “se” cannot break them up!
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Los irregulares parte 1 (con accentos)
• Caer Caído (fallen) • Reír Reído (laughed)• Leer Leído (read)• Oír Oído (heard)• Traer Traído (brought)• Creer Creído (believed)
el presente perfecto
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R roto (romper)E escrito (escribir)V visto (ver)V vuelto (volver)
M muerto (morir)A abierto (abrir)C cubierto (cubrir)
P puesto (poner)H hecho (hacer)D dicho (decir)
Los irregulares parte 2: REVV, MAC, PHD
el presente perfecto
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Más…• Describir – Descrito *like escribir• Devolver- devuelto *like volver• Resolver- Resuelto (resolved)- *like volver • Freír- Frito (fried)• Imprimir- Impreso (printed)• Satisfacer- satisfecho (satisfied)- *like hacer
*the past participles of verbs that end in –uir do not have accent marks*
el presente perfecto
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• Events that precede other events in the past • What had happened• Este verano fuimos a España. Nunca antes
habíamos ido al extranjero. (This summer we went to Spain. We had never gone abroad before.)
• Ayer recogí los pasajes que había reservado la semana pasada. (Yesterday I picked up the tickets that I had reserved last week.)
• Cuando Carlos llegó a la estación, el tren ya había salido. (When Carlos got to the station. the train had already left.)
el pluscuamperfecto: los usos p. 19
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La Formación
•Imperfecto de haber + participio pasado
•“had” + past participle •Ejemplo (inglés): he had seen the movie already when I asked him to go.
el pluscuamperfecto
• Imperfecto de HABER + participio pasado
había habíamoshabías habíais +
AR= adohabía habían
ER/IR= ido
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¡Los irregulares son los mismos!• Parte 1- con accentos• Parte 2- REVV, MAC, PHF
el pluscuamperfecto
Haber + participio pasado“no” y “se” cannot break them up!
No te olvides….