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ekor.rpg and ekor.rpt Protection, metering and control units

General InstructionsIG-159-EN, version 08, 15/07/16

In view of the constant evolution in standards and design, the characteristics of the elements contained in this manual are subject to change without prior notice. These characteristics, as well as the availability of components, are subject to confirmation by Ormazabal.

CAUTION!

When medium-voltage equipment is operating, certain components are live, other parts may be in movement and some may reach high temperatures. Therefore, the use of this equipment poses electrical, mechanical and thermal risks.

In order to ensure an acceptable level of protection for people and property, and in compliance with applicable environmental recommendations, Ormazabal designs and manufactures its products according to the principle of integrated safety, based on the following criteria:

• Elimination of hazards wherever possible. • Where elimination of hazards is neither technically nor economically feasible, appropriate protection functions are

incorporated in the equipment. • Communication about remaining risks to facilitate the design of operating procedures which prevent such risks,

training for the personnel in charge of the equipment, and the use of suitable personal protective equipment. • Use of recyclable materials and establishment of procedures for the disposal of equipment and components so

that once the end of their service lives is reached, they are duly processed in accordance, as far as possible, with the environmental restrictions established by the competent authorities.

Consequently, the equipment to which the present manual refers complies with the requirements of section 11.2 of Standard IEC 62271-1. It must therefore only be operated by appropriately qualified and supervised personnel, in accordance with the requirements of standard EN 50110-1 on the safety of electrical installations and standard EN 50110-2 on activities in or near electrical installations. Personnel must be fully familiar with the instructions and warnings contained in this manual and in other recommendations of a more general nature which are applicable to the situation according to current legislation[1].

The above must be carefully observed, as the correct and safe operation of this equipment depends not only on its design but also on general circumstances which are in general beyond the control and responsibility of the manufacturer. More specifically:

• The equipment must be handled and transported appropriately from the factory to the place of installation. • All intermediate storage should occur in conditions which do not alter or damage the characteristics of the equipment

or its essential components. • Service conditions must be compatible with the equipment rating. • The equipment must be operated strictly in accordance with the instructions given in the manual, and the applicable

operating and safety principles must be clearly understood. • Maintenance should be performed properly, taking into account the actual service and environmental conditions in

the place of installation.

The manufacturer declines all liability for any significant indirect damages resulting from violation of the guarantee, under any jurisdiction, including loss of income, stoppages and costs resulting from repair or replacement of parts.

Warranty

The manufacturer guarantees this product against any defect in materials and operation during the contractual period. In the event that defects are detected, the manufacturer may opt either to repair or replace the equipment. Improper handling of this equipment and its repair by the user shall constitute a violation of the guarantee.

Registered Trademarks and Copyrights

All registered trademarks cited in this document are the property of their respective owners. The intellectual property of this manual belongs to Ormazabal.

[1] For example, in Spain the “Regulation on technical conditions and guarantees for safety in high-voltage electrical installations” – Royal Decree 337/2014 is obligatory.

General Instructionsekor.rpg and ekor.rpt

Index

IG-159-EN version 08; 15/07/16 3

Index

1. General description ...................................................5

1.1. General functional characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . .61.2. Parts of the unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71.2.1. Electronic relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81.2.2. Current sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91.2.3. Power supply and test board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91.2.4. Bistable trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101.3. Communications and programming

software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

2. Applications .............................................................12

2.1. Transformer protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122.2. General protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132.3. Line protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

3. Protection functions ................................................15

3.1. Overcurrent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153.2. Thermometer (external trip) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183.3. Earth ultrasensitive device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

4. Metering functions ..................................................20

4.1. Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

5. Sensors ......................................................................21

5.1. Current sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215.1.1. Functional characteristics of current sensors .225.1.2. Vector sum/zero-sequencewiring. . . . . . . . . . . .24

6. Technical characteristics..........................................25

6.1. Rated values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256.2. Mechanical design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256.3. Insulation tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256.4. Compatibilidad electromagnética . . . . . . . . . . .256.5. Climatic tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266.6. Mechanical tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266.7. Power tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266.8. Ce conformity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

7. Protection, metering and control models ..............27

7.1. Description of models vs. functions. . . . . . . . . .277.1.1. ekor.rpt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277.1.2. ekor.rpg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277.2. Relay configurator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297.3. ekor.rpt Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307.3.1. Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307.3.2. Características técnicas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317.3.3. Installation in a cubicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357.3.4. ekor.rpt electrical diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377.3.5. Installation of toroidal-core current

transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387.3.6. Checking and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387.4. ekor.rpg Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407.4.1. Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407.4.2. Technical characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417.4.3. Installation in a cubicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427.4.4. ekor.rpg electrical diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437.4.5. Installation of Toroidal-core current

transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447.4.6. Checking and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

8. Setting and handling menus ...................................46

8.1. Keypad and alphanumeric display . . . . . . . . . . .468.2. Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478.3. Parameter setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498.3.1. Protection parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498.3.2. Parameter setting menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.4. Trip recognition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548.5. Error codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548.6. Menu map (quick access). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

9. MODBUS protocol for ekor.rp range units .............58

9.1. Read / write functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .589.1.1. Data reading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .589.1.2. Data writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599.1.3. Response in case of error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599.2. Password-protected register writing . . . . . . . . .599.3. CRC generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609.4. Register map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Index General Instructionsekor.rpg and ekor.rpt

IG-159-EN version 08; 15/07/164

10. Annex A .....................................................................63

10.1. Brief guide for commissioning the ekor.rpg unit in cgmcosmos-v & cgm.3-v . . .63

10.1.1. Verify the power to be protected . . . . . . . . . . . .6310.1.2. Toroidal-core current transformers

already installed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6310.1.3. Connect the HV terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6410.1.4. External connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6410.1.5. Set relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6510.1.6. Trip test with current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6510.1.7. External trip test: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6610.1.8. Commissioning:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6610.1.9. What to do in the event of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

11. Annex B ....................................................................69

11.1. Brief guide for commissioning the ekor.rpg unit in cgmcosmos-v & cgm.3-p. . . . . . . . . . . . .69

11.1.1. Verify the power to be protected . . . . . . . . . . . .6911.1.2. Toroidal-core current transformers. . . . . . . . . . .7011.1.3. Connect the HV terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7011.1.4. External connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7111.1.5. Set relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7211.1.6. Trip test with current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7311.1.7. External trip test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7311.1.8. Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7411.1.9. What to do in the event of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

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General description

1. General description

The ekor.rp (ekor.rpg and ekor.rpt) range of protection, metering and control units brings together an entire family of different equipment, which depending on the model, may incorporate protection functions as well as other functions such as local control, remote control, electrical parameter metering, automation, etc., related to the current and future automation, control and protection needs of transformer and switching substations

Its use in Ormazabal’s cgmcosmos and cgm.3 cubicle systems allows the configuration of customised products for meeting the diverse needs of the different installations.

The ekor.rp protection, metering and control units have been designed to meet the national and international standard requirements and recommendations that are applied to each of the parts that make up the unit:

EN 60255, EN 61000, EN 62271-200, EN 60068, EN 60044, IEC 60255, IEC 61000, IEC 62271-200, IEC 60068, IEC 60044

Designed to be integrated in a cubicle, the ekor.rp units also provide the following advantages over conventional devices:

1. Reduction in handling of interconnections when installing the cubicle. The only connection required is limited to MV cables.

2. Minimisation of the need to install control boxes on the cubicles.

3. Avoidance of wiring and installation errors; minimisation of commissioning time.

4. All the units are factory installed, adjusted and checked; each piece of equipment (relay + control + sensors) also undergoes a comprehensive check before being installed. The final unit tests are carried out once the unit is incorporated in the cubicle before delivery.

5. They protect a broad power range with the same model (e.g.: ekor.rpg from 160 kVA up to 15 MVA, in cgmcosmos system cubicles).

Figure 1.1. ekor.sys family: protection, metering and control units

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General description

1.1. General functional characteristics

All the relays of the ekor.rp units include a microprocessor for processing the signals from the metering sensors. They process current metering by eradicating the influence of transient phenomena and calculate the magnitudes needed for to carry out protection functions. In addition, the efficient electrical metering values, which provide the instantaneous value of these installation parameters, are determined.

They are equipped with keypad for local display, setup and operation of the unit, as well as communication ports to handle these functions from a computer, whether locally or remotely. A user-friendly design has been employed, so that the use of the various menus is intuitive.

The current is measured by means of several current sensors with a high transformation ratio, making it possible for the same equipment to detect a wide range of power levels. These transformers or current sensors maintain the accuracy class in all of their rated range.

The unit contains an events log where all of the latest trips made by the protection functions are registered. In addition, the total number of operations is saved as well as the unit’s settings parameters. The local interface uses menus to provide the instantaneous values of the current metering for each phase and zero-sequence current, as well as the setting parameters, trip motives, etc. They can also be accessed via the communication ports.

From a maintenance perspective, the ekor rp units have a series of features that reduce the time and the possibility of errors in the test and service restoration tasks. The main features include some toroidal-core current transformers with larger diameters and test connections; accessible and disconnectable terminal blocks for tests using current injection; and built-in test contacts, even in the basic models.

Figure 1.2. ekor.sys family relays

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General description

1.2. Parts of the unit

The parts that form the ekor.rp protection, metering and control unit include the electronic relay, current sensors, power supply and test board, selfpowered transformers (only for selfpowered models) and the bistable trigger.

1 Checking terminal block

2 ekor.rpg electronic relay

3 Power supply board

4 Selfpowered and current metering toroidal transformers

Figure 1.3. Example of ekor.rpg unit installation in circuit-breaker cubicles




Figure 1.4. Example of ekor.rpt unit installation in fused protection cubicles

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General description

1.2.1. Electronic relay

The electronic relay has keys and a display to set and view the protection, metering and control parameters. It includes a seal on the SET key to ensure that once the settings have been made they cannot be changed unless the seal is broken.

The protection trips are registered on the display with the following parameters: reason for tripping, fault current value, tripping time and the time and date the event occurred. Errors in the unit, such as a switch failure, incorrect thermometer connection, low battery, etc., are also shown permanently.

The ‘On’ led is activated when the equipment receives power from an external source or the self-powered transformers. In this situation, the unit is operational to perform the protection functions. If the ‘On’ led is not activated, only the unit’s parameters can be viewed and/or adjusted (function exclusively assigned to the relay’s internal battery).

The current analog signals are conditioned internally by small and very accurate transformers that isolate the electronic circuits from the rest of the installation.

The equipment has two communication ports, one on the front used for local configuration (RS232), and another one on the rear used for remote control (RS485). The standard communication protocol for all models is MODBUS. Others may be used depending on the application.

1 “On” LED

2 Trip cause indication

3 Measures and setting parameters display

4 SET key

5 Keyboard for scrolling through screens

6 Front communication port RS232

Figure 1.5. Elements of the relay

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General description

1.2.2. Current sensors

The current sensors are toroidal-core current transformers with a 300 / 1 A or 1000 / 1 A ratio, depending on the models. Their range of action is the same as the switchgear where they are installed. They are factory-installed in the cubicle bushings, which significantly simplifies the on-site assembly and connection. This way, once the MV cables are connected to the cubicle, the installation protection is operational. There are no sensor installation errors, due to earthing grids, polarities, etc. since they are previously installed and tested at the factory.

The inner diameter of the toroidal-core current transformers is 82 mm, which means they can be used in cables of up to 400 mm2 without any problems for performing maintenance testing afterwards.

If the equipment is selfpowered, the toroidal transformers are equipped with some anchorage points to place them in the same area as the metering transformers, thus forming a single, compact block. These transformers supply 1 W when the primary current is ≥ 5 A. This power is enough to allow the units to function correctly.

All the current sensors have an integrated protection against the opening of secondary circuits, which prevents overvoltage

1 Bushing

2 Current sensors

Figure 1.6. Current transformers location

1.2.3. Power supply and test board

The selfpowered equipment’s power supply board prepares the selfpowered transformers’ signal and converts it into a DC signal to safely power the equipment. The transformers permanently feed power from 5 to 630 primary amps to the board.

It also has a 230 Vac input with 10 kV level of insulation. This input is for direct connection to the transformer substation’s LVB.

The power supply board of models with auxiliary power supply has an input for connecting both the AC (24 to 110 Vac) and DC (24 to 125 Vdc) power supply. The board prepares the signal, converting it into a DC signal suitable for safely powering the equipment.

Figure 1.7. Power supply

Furthermore, both types of board have a built-in protection trip test circuit as well as connectors for carrying out current injection functional tests during maintenance and checking operations. The units also have a protection device for absorbing the excess energy produced by the transformers when there are short-circuits up to 20 kA.

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General description

1.2.4. Bistable trigger

The bistable trigger is an electromechanical actuator that is integrated into the switch driving mechanism. This trigger acts upon the switch when there is a protection trip. It is characterised by the low actuation power it requires for tripping. This energy is received in the form of pulses lasting 50 ms and with an amplitude of 12 V. When there is a fault, these pulses are repeated every 400 ms to ensure that the switch opens.

Figure 1.8. Bistable trigger

1.3. Communications and programming software

All the ekor.rp units have two serial communication ports. The standard RS232 front port is used to set the local parameters with the ekor.soft program[2]. At the rear, there is an RS485 port which is used for remote control.

The standard communication protocol implemented in all equipment is MODBUS-RTU (binary) transmission mode, although other specific protocols can be implemented depending on the application. This protocol has the advantage of greater information density than other modes, resulting in a higher transmission rate for the same communication speed. Each message must be transmitted as a continuous string and the silences are used to detect the end of the message.

[2] For more information about the ekor.soft program, consult Ormazabal’s IG-155 document.

1 ekor.ccp

2 ekor.bus

3 ekor.rci

4 ekor.rci

5 ekor.rpt

6 ekor.rpg

Figure 1.9. ekor.sys family intercommunicated equipment

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General description

The ekor.soft setup program has three main operating modes:

1. Display: indicates the unit status, including electrical measurements, current settings, date and time

2. User settings: protection parameter change is enabled3. Event log: the parameters of the final and penultimate trip

are shown as well as the total number of trips made by the protection unit

Minimum system requirements for installing and using the ekor.soft software:

1. Processor: Pentium II2. RAM: 32 Mb3. Operating system: MS WINDOWS4. CD-ROM / DVD5. RS-232 serial port

Figure 1.10. ekor.soft displays

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Applications

2. Applications

2.1. Transformer protection

The distribution transformers require various protection functions. Their selection depends primarily on the power and level of responsibility they have in the installation. As an example, the protection functions that must be implemented to protect distribution transformers with a power rating between 160 kVA and 2 MVA are the following:

1. 50 ≡ Instantaneous phase overcurrent. Protects against short-circuits between phases in the primary circuit, or high value short-circuit currents between phases on the secondary side. This function is performed by the fuses when the protection cubicle does not include a circuit-breaker.

2. 51 ≡ Phase overload. Protects against excessive overloads, which can deteriorate the transformer, or against short-circuits in several turns of the primary windings.

3. 50N ≡ Instantaneous earth fault. Protects against phase to earth short-circuits or secondary winding short-circuits, from the primary interconnections and windings.

4. 51N ≡ Earth leakage. Protects against highly resistive faults from the primary to earth or to the secondary.

5. 49T ≡ Termómero. Protects against excessive transformer temperature.

Protection units that include the above mentioned functions:

cgmcosmos system

cgm.3 system

Unit Type of cubicle Power ranges to protect

ekor.rptFuse-

combination switch

50 kVA...2000 kVA 50 kVA...1250 kVA

ekor.rpgCircuit-breaker

50 kVA...15 MVA 50 kVA...25 MVA

See tables 7.3.2 and 7.4.2

Table 2.1. Protection units

Figure 2.1. Transformer and fuse protection cubicle

1 Busbars

2 Overcurrent protection

3 Thermometer

Figure 2.2. Transformer protection

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Applications

2.2. General protection

The client supply installations require general protection to ensure that an installation is disconnected from the rest of the network in the event of a fault. In this way, the utility’s supply line will remain energised and other clients will remain unaffected. It also protects the client’s installation by disconnecting it from the power source in the event of a fault.

In this type of protection, all the faults detected in the substation’s main circuit breaker should be simultaneously detected in the transformer substations so that they can be cleared before the line trips (protection selectivity).

1. 50 ≡ Instantaneous phase overcurrent. Protects against short-circuits between phases.

2. 51 ≡ Phase overload. Protects against excessive overloads, which can deteriorate the installation. It is also used as a limiting device to control the supply’s maximum power.

3. 50N ≡ Instantáneo de tierra. Protects against phase-to-earth short-circuits.

4. 51N ≡ Fuga a tierra. Protects against highly resistive faults between phase and earth.

The following protection units provide the above-mentioned functions:

cgmcosmos system

cgm.3 system

Unit Type of cubicle Power ranges to protect

ekor.rptFuse-

combination switch

50 kVA...2000 kVA 50 kVA...1250 kVA

ekor.rpgCircuit-breaker

50 kVA...15 MVA 50 kVA...25 MVA

See tables 7.3.2 and 7.4.2

Table 2.2. Type of protection

Figure 2.3. 2.2. General protection

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Applications

2.3. Line protection

The purpose of the line protection is to isolate this part of the network in case of fault, without it affecting the rest of the lines. Generally, it covers any fault that originates between the substation, or switching substation, and the consumption points.

The types of fault that occur in these areas of the network primarily depend on the nature of the line, overhead line or cable and the neutral used.

In networks with overhead lines, most faults are transitory. Hence, many line reclosings are effective.

On the other hand, in case of phase-to-earth faults in overhead lines, when the ground resistance is very high, the zero-sequence fault currents have a very low value In these cases, an ‘ultrasensitive’ neutral current detection is required.

The underground cables have earth coupling capacities, which causes the single phase faults to include capacitive currents. This phenomenon makes detection difficult in isolated or resonant earthed neutral networks and thus requires the use of the directional function.

Figure 2.4. Line protection

Line protection is mainly accomplished by the following functions:

1. 50 ≡ Instantaneous phase overcurrent. Protects against short-circuits between phases.

2. 51 ≡ Phase overload. Protects against excessive overloads, which can deteriorate the installation.

3. 50N ≡ Instantaneous earth fault. Protects against phase-to-earth short-circuits.

4. 51N ≡ Earth leakage. Protects against highly resistive faults between phase and earth.

5. 50Ns ≡ Ultrasensitive earth instantaneous overcurrent. Protects against phase to earth short-circuits of very low value.

6. 51Ns ≡ Ultrasensitive earth leakage protection. Protects against highly resistive faults between phase and earth of very low value.

Unit that includes the above mentioned functions:

cgmcosmos / cgm.3 systems

Unit Type of cubicle Maximum rated current

ekor.rpg Circuit-breaker 630 A

Table 2.3. Line protection with circuit breaker

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Protection functions

3. Protection functions

3.1. Overcurrent

The units have an overcurrent function for each one of the phases (3 x 50 - 51) and, depending on the model, they may have another one for earth (50N-51N). The implemented protection curves are the ones listed in standard IEC 60255.

Overcurrent functions that can be performed depending on the model:

1. Overload multicurve protection for phases (51)2. Protection of phase-to-earth multicurve faults (51N)3. Short-circuit protection (instantaneous) at a defined time

between phases (50)4. Short-circuit protection (instantaneous) at a defined time

between phase and earth (50N)

Meaning of the curve parameters for phase settings:

t(s) ≡ Theoretical tripping time for a fault which evolves with a constant current value

I ≡ Actual current flowing through the phase with the largest amplitude

In ≡ Rated setting current

I> ≡ Withstand overload increment

K ≡ Curve factor

I>> ≡ Short-circuit current factor (instantaneous)

T>> ≡ Short-circuit delay time (instantaneous)

5. Pick-up current value of NI, VI, and EI curves = 1.1 x In x I>6. Pick-up current value of DT curve = 1.0 x In x I>7. Instantaneous pick-up current value = In x I> x I>>

In the case of earth settings, the parameters are similar to the phase settings. Each of them is described below.

to(s) ≡ Theoretical tripping time for an earth fault which evolves with a constant current value I0

Io ≡ Actual current flowing to earth

In ≡ Rated phase setting current

Io> ≡ Withstand earth leakage factor (phase)

Ko ≡ Curve factor

Io>> ≡ Short-circuit current factor (instantaneous)

T0>> ≡ Short-circuit delay time (instantaneous)

8. Pick-up current value of NI, VI, and EI curves = 1.1 x In x Io>9. Pick-up current value of DT curve = 1.0 x In x Io>10. Instantaneous pick-up current value = In x Io> x Io>>

IG-159-EN version 08; 15/07/1616



Phase time delay:

0,14* K= 0,02

−1

In* I >I

t(s)

Earth time delay:

0,14* K0= 0,02

−1

In* I0 >I0

t0(s)

Figure 3.1. Normally inverse curve

Phase time delay:

13,5* K= 1

−1

In* I >I

t(s)

Earth time delay:

13,5* K0= 1

−1

In* I0 >I0

t0(s)

Figure 3.2. Very inverse curve

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Phase time delay:

80 * K= 2

−1

In* I >I

t(s)

Earth time delay:

80 * K0= 2

−1

In* I0 >I0

t0(s)

Figure 3.3. Extremely inverse curve

Phase time delay:

t(s) = 5 * K

Earth time delay:

t0(s) = 5 * K0

Figure 3.4. Defined time curve

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3.2. Thermometer (external trip)

The equipment has an input for connecting volt-free contacts and tripping the switch. This input is protected against erroneous connections (e.g. 230 Vac) showing an error code on the display when this anomaly occurs.

The switch trips when the volt-free contact is closed for at least 200 ms. This prevents untimely tripping due to external disturbances.

External tripping protection is disabled when all of the overcurrent protection functions are disabled (for firmware version 18 or later).

In this situation, the relay will not trip the switch but a flashing arrow will appear at the top of the display screen to show that the external trip contact is closed (see section §8.4).

The purpose of this function is to protect the transformers’ maximum temperature. The trip input is associated to contact of the thermometer which measures the oil’s temperature and when the maximum set value is reached, its associated contact closes and the switch trips. Unlike conventional coils, it has the advantage of not having low-voltage network connections with the consequent overvoltages generated in the control circuits.

This trip input can also be associated to output contacts of remote control terminals, alarms and auxiliary relays responsible for opening the switch.

1 External trip contact

2 Switch trips

3 External contact closing

4 Tryp switch

Figure 3.5. Tryp switch

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3.3. Ultrasensitive earth device

This protection corresponds to a particular type of overcurrent protections. It is primarily used in networks with isolated or resonant earthed neutral, where the phase-to-earth fault current value depends on the system cable capacity value and on the point in which the fault occurs. Generally, in medium voltage private installations with short cable stretches, simply determine a minimum zero-sequence current threshold at which the protection must trip.

The current flowing to earth is detected using a toroidal-core current transformer which covers the three phases. In this way, the metering is independent from the phase current, thus avoiding errors in the phase metering transformers. In general, this type of protection must be used when the set earth current is less than 10 % of the rated phase current (for example: for a rated phase current of 400 A with earth faults below 40 A).

On the other hand, in the lines, whose cable stretches are usually long, it is necessary to identify the fault direction. Otherwise, trips can occur due to capacitive currents from other lines, when there is not any fault in the line.

The available curves are: normally inverse (NI), very inverse (VI), extremely inverse (EI) and defined time (DT).

The setting parameters are the same as in the earth faults of the overcurrent functions (section §3.1 overcurrent), with the exception that factor Io> is replaced with the value directly in amps Ig. This way, this parameter can be set to very low earth current values, regardless of the phase setting current.

1. Pick-up current value of NI, VI, and EI curves = 1.1 x Ig

2. Pick-up current value of DT curve = Ig

3. Instantaneous pick-up current value = Ig x Io>>

1 Voltage and current sensors

2 Zero-squence toroidal transformer

Figure 3.6. Sensors

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Metering functions

4. Metering functions

4.1. Current

The current values measured by the ekor.rp units correspond to the efficient values of each of the phases I1, I2 and I3. Eight samples from a half-period are used and the mean of five consecutive values is calculated. This measurement is updated every second. It offers Class 1 meter accuracy, from 5 A up to 120 % of the current sensor’s maximum rated range. The zero-sequence current measurement Io is performed in the same way as the phase currents.

1. Current meters: I1, I2, I3 and Io

Figure 4.1. Metering functions

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Sensors

5. Sensors

5.1. Current sensors

The electronic current transformers are designed for optimal adaptation to digital equipment technology, with a slight modification of the secondary interface. Therefore, the protection, metering and control equipment for these sensors operate with the same algorithms and with the same consistency as conventional devices.

The low power outputs from the sensors can be adapted to standard values using external amplifiers. In this way, you can use conventional equipment or electronic relays.

Main advantages derived from the use of sensor based systems:

1. Small volume. The decreased power consumption of these transformers allows their volume to be drastically reduced.

2. Improved accuracy. Signal acquisition is much more accurate due to high transformation ratios.

3. Wide range. When there are power increases in the installation, the sensors do not have to be replaced with ones having a greater ratio.

4. Greater safety. The open-air live parts disappear, increasing personnel safety.

5. Greater reliability. The full insulation of the whole installation provides greater levels of protection against external agents.

6. Easy maintenance. The sensors do not need to be disconnected when the cable or cubicle is being tested.

Figure 5.1. Current sensors

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Sensors

5.1.1. Functional characteristics of current sensors

The current sensors are toroidal-core current transformers with a high transformation ratio and low rated burden. These sensors are encapsulated in self-extinguishing polyurethane resin.

Phase toroidal current transformers

Range 5 – 100 A Range 15 – 630 ARatio 300 / 1 A 1000 / 1 A

Metering range for Cl 0.5 3-390 A Extd. 130 % 5 - 1300 A Extd. 130 %

Accuracy at 3 A: Ratio error ±0.4% Phase displacement ±85 minutes at 5 A: Ratio error ±0.35% Phase displacement ±25 minutes

Protection 5P20 5P20

Metering Class 0.5 Class 0.5

Burden 0.18 VA 0.2 VA

Thermal current 31.5 kA – 3 s 31.5 kA – 3 s

Dynamic current 2.5Ith (80 kA) 2.5Ith (80 kA)

Saturation current 7,800 A 26,000 A

Frequency 50 – 60 Hz 50 – 60 Hz

Insulation 0.72 / 3 kV 0.72 / 3 kV

Outer diameter 139 mm 139 mm

Inner diameter 82 mm 82 mm

Height 38 mm 38 mm

Weight 1,350 kg 1,650 kg

Polarity S1 – blue, S2 – brown S1 – blue, S2 – brown

Encapsulation Self-extinguishing polyurethane Self-extinguishing polyurethane

Thermal class B (130 ºC) B (130 ºC)

Reference standard IEC 60044-1 IEC 60044-1

Table 5.1. Phase toroidal current transformers

Toroidal power transformers

ekor.rpt/ekor.rpgRatio 200 / 1 A with centre tap (100 + 100 A)Power supply range 5 A to 630 AThermal current 20 kADynamic current 50 kAPower 0.4 VA to 5 AFrequency 50 – 60 HzInsulation 0.72 / 3 kVOuter dimensions 139 mmInner dimensions 82 mmHeight 38 mmWeight 1,240 kgPolarity S1 – blue, S2 – brownEncapsulation Self-extinguishing polyurethaneThermal class B (130 C)

Table 5.2. Toroidal power transformers

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Sensors

Figure 5.2. Phase toroidal transformer

Figure 5.3. Zero-sequence toroidal transformer

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Sensors

5.1.2. Vector sum/zero-sequencewiring

The wiring of the aforementioned transformers is performed in two different ways, depending on whether they have a zero-sequence toroidal current transformer installed or not. As a general rule, the zero-sequence toroidal transformer is used when the earth fault current is a below 10% of the phase current rating.

Figure 5.4. Detection of earth current by vector sum Figure 5.5. Detection of earth current by zero-sequence toroidal transformer

Zero-sequence toroidal current transformers

Range 5 – 100 A Range 15 – 630 ARatio 300 / 1 A 1000 / 1 A

Metering range 0.5 A to 50 A extd. 130 % 0.5 A to 50 A extd. 130 %

Protection 5P10 5P10

Metering Class 3 Class 3

Burden 0.2 VA 0.2 VA

Thermal current 31,5 kA – 3 s 31,5 kA – 3 s

Dynamic current 2.5Ith (80 kA) 2.5Ith (80 kA)

Saturation current 780 A 780 A

Frequency 50 – 60 Hz 50 – 60 Hz

Insulation 0.72 / 3 kV 0.72 / 3 kV

Outer dimensions 330 x 105 mm 330 x 105 mm

Inner dimensions 272 x 50 mm 272 x 50 mm

Height 41 mm 41 mm

Weight 0.98 kg 0.98 kg

Polarity S1 – blue, S2 – brown S1 – blue, S2 – brown

Encapsulation Self-extinguishing polyurethane Self-extinguishing polyurethane

Thermal class B (130 ºC) B (130 ºC)

Reference standard IEC 60044-1 IEC 60044-1

Table 5.3. Zero-sequence current transformers

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Technical characteristics

6. Technical characteristics

6.1. Rated values

Power supply AC 24 Vac...110 Vac ±30 % 5 VADC 24 Vdc...125 Vdc ±30 % 2.5 WSelfpowered >5 A, 230 Vac ±30 %

Current inputs Primary phase 5 A...630 A (depending on model)Earth 0.5 A..0.50 A (depending on model)I thermal/dynamic 20 kA / 50 kAImpedance 0.1 Ω

Accuracy Time delay 5 % (minimum 20 ms)Metering / protection Class 0,5 / 5P20

Frequency 50 Hz; 60 Hz ±1 %

Output contacts Voltage 250 VacCurrent 10 A (AC)Switching power 500 VA (resistive load)

Temperature Operating - 40 ºC to + 70 ºCStorage - 40 ºC to + 70 ºC

Communications Front port DB9 RS232Rear port RS485 (5 kV) – RJ45Protocol MODBUS (RTU)

Table 6.1. Rated values

6.2. Mechanical design

IP rating Terminals IP2XIn cubicle IP3X

IP4X (according to IEC 60255-27)IK06 (according to EN 50102)

Dimensions (h x w x d): 146 x 47 x 165 mm

Weight 0,3 kg

Wiring Cable/termination 0.5...2.5 mm2

Table 6.2. Mechanical design

6.3. Insulation tests

IEC 60255-5 Insulation resistance 500 VDC: > 10 GΩElectric strength 2 kVac; 50 Hz; 1 minVoltage impulses: standard 5 kV; 1.2 / 50 µs; 0.5 J

differential 1 kV; 1.2 / 50 µs; 0.5 J

Table 6.3. Insulation tests

6.4. Electromagnetic compatibility

IEC 60255-11 Voltage dips 200 msRipple 12 %

IEC 60255-22-1 Damped wave 1 MHz 2.5 kV; 1 kV

IEC 60255-22-2 Electrostatic discharges(IEC 61000-4-2, class IV)

8 kV air6 kV contact

Continued on next page

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Technical characteristics

Continuation

IEC 60255-22-3 Radiated fields (IEC 61000-4-3, class III)

10 V/m

IEC 60255-22-4 Bursts - Fast transients(IEC 61000-4-4)

±4 kV

IEC 60255-22-5 Overvoltage pulses(IEC 61000-4-5)

4 kV; 2 kV

IEC 60255-22-6 Induced radio frequencysignals (IEC 61000-4-6)

150 kHz...80 MHz

IEC 61000-4-8 Magnetic fields 100 A / m; 50 Hz constant1000 A / m; 50 Hz short- time (2 s)

IEC 61000-4-12 Sinusoidal damped wave 2,5 kV; 1 kV

IEC 60255-25 Electromagnetic emissions(EN61000-6-4)

150 kHz to 30 MHz (conducted)30 MHz to 1 GHz (radiated)

Table 6.4. Electromagnetic compatibility

6.5. Climatic tests

IEC 60068-2-1 Slow changes. Cold - 40 ºC; 16 hrsIEC 60068-2-2 Slow changes. Heat + 70 ºC; 16 hrsIEC 60068-2-78 Damp heat, continuous test + 40 ºC; 93 %; 10 daysIEC 60068-2-30 Damp heat cycles + 55 ºC; 6 cycles

Table 6.5. Climatic tests

6.6. Mechanical tests

IEC 60255-21-1 Sinusoidal vibration. Response 10 – 150 Hz; 1 gSinusoidal vibration. Endurance 10 – 150 Hz; 2 g

IEC 60255-21-2 Impacts. Response 11 ms; 5 gImpact. Endurance 11 ms; 15 gShock. Endurance 16 ms; 10 g

IEC 60255-21-3 Seismic tests 1 – 38 MHz, 1 g vertical, 0.5 g horizontal

Table 6.6. Mechanical tests

6.7. Power tests

IEC 60265 No-load cable making and breaking 24 kV / 50 A / cosφ = 0.1IEC 60265 Mainly active load making and breaking 24 kV / 630 A / cosφ = 0.7IEC 60265 Earth faults 24 kV / 200 A / 50 A

No-load transformer making and breaking 13.2 kV / 250 A / 1250 kVAIEC 60056 Short-circuit making and breaking 20 kA / 1 s

Table 6.7. Power tests

6.8. CE conformity

This product complies with the European Union directive 2014/30/EU on electromagnetic compatibility, and with the IEC 60255 international regulations. The unit has been designed and manufactured for use in industrial areas, in accordance with EMC standards. This compliance results from a test performed according to article 7 of the directive.

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Protection, metering and control models

7. Protection, metering and control models

7.1. Description of models vs. functions

7.1.1. ekor.rpt

Distribution transformer protection unit installed in fuse-combination switch cubicles. The electronic unit performs all the protection functions except for the high value polyphase short-circuits that occur in the transformer’s primary. It has inputs and outputs for switch monitoring and control.

The unit can protect a power range from 50 kVA up to 2000 kVA in cgmcosmos system cubicles and from 50 kVA up to 1250 kVA in cgm.3 system cubicles.

Figure 7.1. ekor.rpt

7.1.2. ekor.rpg

Distribution general protection unit installed in circuit-breaker cubicles. The main usage applications are: general protection of lines, private installations, transformers, capacitor stacks, etc.

They can protect a power range from 50 kVA up to 400 kVA (630 kVA for cgm.3 system cubicles), when they include toroidal-core current transformers from 5 A to 100 A. With 15 A to 630 A toroidal-core current transformers, they offer a power range between 160 kVA and 15 MVA (25 MVA for cgm.3 system cubicles).

Figure 7.2. ekor.rpg

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Protection, metering and control units ekor.rp

ekor.rpt ekor.rpgGeneralPhase current sensors 3 3Earth (zero-sequence) current sensor Op OpVoltage sensors No NoDigital inputs 2 2Digital outputs 2 2Power supply 24 Vdc to 125 Vdc / 24 Vac to 110 Vac Op OpSelf powered (> 5 A, + 230 Vac ±30 %) Op Op

ProtectionPhase overcurrent (50-51) Yes YesEarth leakage overcurrent (50N-51N) Op OpUltrasensitive earth leakage protection (50Ns-51Ns) Op OpThermometer (49T) Yes Yes

CommunicationsMODBUS-RTU Yes Yes

PROCOME No NoRS-232 configuration port Yes YesRS-485 port for remote control Yes Yesekor.soft setup and monitoring program Op Op

IndicationsTripping cause indication Yes YesError display Yes Yes

TestTest blocks for current injection Yes YesOutput contact for test Yes Yes

MeasurementsCurrent Yes YesPresence / absence of voltage No No

Op - optional

Table 7.1. Protection, metering and control units ekor.rp

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7.2. Relay configurator

To select the ekor.rp unit on the basis of the installation characteristics, the following configurator will be used:

ekor.rp –

Type:

g – For protection cubicle with circuit-breakert – For fuse protection cubicle

Protection functions:

10 – Three phases (3 x 50/51)20 – Three phases and neutral (3 x 50/51 + 50 N/51 N)30 – Three phases and sensitive neutral (3 x 50/51 + 50 Ns/51 Ns)

Toroidal-core current transformers:

0 – Without toroidal transformers 1 – Range 5 – 100 A2 – Range 15 – 630 A

Power supply:

A – Self powered

B – Auxiliary power supply (battery, UPS, etc.)

Example: In the case of a selfpowered relay for a protection cubicle with a circuit-breaker, with functions 3 x 50/51 + 50Ns/51Ns and toroidal-core current transformers with a range of 5 – 100 A, the corresponding configurator would be ekor.rpg-301a.

Not all combinations resulting from this configurator are possible.For the availability of other models, please consult Ormazabal’s technical - commercial department.

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7.3. ekor.rpt units

7.3.1. Functional description

The ekor.rpt protection, metering and control unit is used for the protection of distribution transformers. It is installed in fuse-combination switch cubicles so the electronic system performs all the protection functions, except high polyphase short-circuit values, which are cleared by the fuses.

When an overcurrent that is within the values that the load break switch can open is detected, the relay acts upon a low power bistable trigger that opens the switch. If the fault current is greater than the breaking capacity of the load break switch[3], the switch trip is blocked so that the fuses will blow. On the other hand, the equipment is disconnected and the fuses do not remain energised.

Figure 7.3. Transformer protection

[3] 1200 A for cgmcosmos-p, 480 A for, 36 kV range cgm.3.

Figure 7.4. General protection (MV client supply)

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7.3.2. Características técnicas

The ekor.rpt unit is used to protect the following transformer power ratings.

cgmcosmos System

Line voltage[kV]

Fuse rated voltage

[kV]

Minimum transformer power Maximum transformer power

Fuse rating [A] [kVA] Fuse rating [A] [kVA]

6.6 3 / 7.2 16 50 160(1) 125010 6 / 12 10 100 160(1) 1250

13.8 10 / 24 16 100 100 125015 10 / 24 16 125 125(2) 160020 10 / 24 16 160 125 2000

(1) 442 mm cartridge, (2) 125 A SIBA SSK fuse

Table 7.2. Technical characteristics cgmcosmos sytem

cgm.3 System

Line voltage[kV]

Fuse rated voltage

[kV]



6.6 3 / 7.2 16 50 160 (¹) 100010 6 / 12 16 100 125 1250

13.8 10 / 24 10 100 63 80015 10 / 24 16 125 63 100020 10 / 24 16 160 63 125025 24 / 36 25 200 80 (2) 200030 24 / 36 25 250 80 (2) 2500

(1) 442 mm cartridge (2) SIBA SSK fuse (check)

Table 7.3. Technical characteristics cgm.3 system

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Selection process for the ekor.rpt unit protection parameters in cgmcosmos-p cubicles:

1. Determine the required fuse rating to protect the transformer in accordance with the fuse table in Ormazabal’s document IG-078. The maximum ratings that can be used are 160 A for voltages up to and including 12 kV, and 125 A for voltages up to and including 24 kV.

2. Calculate the transformer rated current In = S/√3 x Un.3. Define the continuous overload level I>. Normal values

in transformers of up to 2000 kVA are 20 % for distribution installations and 5 % for power generation installations.

4. Select the transitory overload curve. Coordination between relay curves and LV fuses is performed with the EI type curve.

5. Define the delay time in transitory overload K. This parameter is defined by the transformer’s thermal constant. This way, the greater the constant, the longer it takes for the transformer’s temperature to increase under an overload condition; and therefore, the protection trigger can be delayed longer. The usual value for distribution transformers is K = 0.2, which means that it trips in 2 s if the overload is 300 % in the EI curve.

6. Short-circuit level I>>. The maximum value of the transformer’s magnetisation current must be determined. The current peak produced when a no-load transformer is connected, due to the effect of a magnetised nucleus, is several times greater than the rated current. This peak value, up to 12 times the rated value (10 times for more than 1000 kVA) has a very high harmonic content, so its fundamental 50 Hz component is much less. Therefore, a usual setting value for this parameter is between 7 and 10.

7. Instantaneous time delay T>>. This value corresponds with the protection trip time in the event a short-circuit occurs. It depends on the coordination with other protections and the usual values are between 0.1 and 0.5 s. If the short-circuit value is high, the fuses will act in the time determined by their characteristic curve.

8. Determine the current value in case of secondary three-phase short-circuit. This fault must be cleared by the fuses, and it corresponds with the intersection point’s maximum value between the relay and the fuse curves. If the intersection point is greater than the secondary short-circuit value, the settings must be adjusted to meet this requirement.

To select the ekor.rpt unit protection parameters in cgm.3-p cubicles, the steps to follow are similar to those proposed in the paragraphs above, except for the first step. The fuse rating required to protect the transformer is determined according to the fuse table of Ormazabal’s documents IG-034 and IG-136 respectively. Please take into consideration that the minimum protection powers are listed in the table above.

In case of protecting a transformer with following characteristics in cgmcosmos cubicle system:

S = 1250 kVA, Un = 15 kV and Uk = 5 %

Follow the procedure below for proper coordination between the fuses and the protection relay:

1. Fuse selection according to IG-078. 10 / 24 kV 125 A fuse2. Rated current.

In = S / √3 x Un = 1250 kVA /√3 x 15 kV ≅ 48 A3. Continuous withstand overload 20 %.

In x I> = 48 A x 1,2 ≅ 58 A 4. Extremely Inverse Curve type. E.I5. Transitory overload factor. K = 0,26. Short-circuit level. In x I> x I>> = 48 A x 1,2 x 7 ≅ 404 A7. Instantaneous time delay T>> = 0,4 s8. Secondary short-circuit.

Ics = In x 100/Uk = 48 A x 100/5 ≅ 960 A

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1 Fuse selection 125 A

2 Rated current 48 A

3 Continuous overload 58 A

4 E.I. Curve type

5 Factor K = 0.2

6 Short-circuit level 404 A

7 Instantaneous time delay 400 ms

8 Secondary three-phase short-circuit 960 A

9 Fuse operation area

10 Relay operation area

(s) Time (S)

(A) Current (A)

Figure 7.5. Example for SIBA SSK fuse

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The earth unit setting depends on the characteristics of the line where the unit is installed. In general, the earth fault values are high enough to be detected as overcurrent. Even in isolated or resonant earthed neutral networks, the fault value in transformer protection installations is clearly different from the capacitive currents of the lines. This way, the transformer protection ekor.rpt units are used in isolated neutral networks that do not require the directional function. The values of the setting parameters must guarantee

selectivity with the main switch protections. Given the variety of protection criteria and types of neutral used in the networks, it does not exist a single parameterisation; each case requires a specific parameterisation. For transformers up to 2000 kVA, the settings below are given as a general example. It must be ensured that they properly apply to the protections upstream (general, line or main switch protections, among others.)

Phase setting

Rated current Time delayed Instantaneous I> K I>> T>>In = S / √3 x Un = 48 A EI DT 1.2 0.2 7 0.4

Table 7.4. Phase setting

Earth setting

Type of neutral Time delayed Instantaneous Io> Ko Io>> To>>Solid or impedant NI DT 0.2 0.2 5 0.4

Isolated or resonant NI DT 0.1 / Ig = 2 A (*) 0.2 5 0.4

* In case a zero-sequence toroidal transformer is used

Table 7.5. Earth setting

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7.3.3. Installation in a cubicle

The integral parts of the ekor. units are the electronic relay, the power supply and test board, the bistable trigger and the current sensors.


2 ekor.rpt electronic relay


Figure 7.6. Example of installation of a ekor.rpt unit in fuse protecton cubicles

The electronic relay is fixed to the cubicle driving mechanism using anchors. The front of the equipment, which contains the components of the user interface, display, keys, communication ports, etc., is accessible from the outside without the need to remove the mechanism enclosure. The rear contains the X1 and X2 connectors, as well as the wiring that connects it to the power supply board.

Figure 7.7. ekor.rpt frontal and rear view

1 ekor.rpt relay configurations

2 DB-9 Male (relay)

3 DB-9 Female (PC)

4 RS485 connection pins

Figure 7.8. ekor.rpt frontal and rear connection diagram

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All of the signals that come from the relay go through the board. Hence, the board enables the unit to be checked. Furthermore, there is a volt-free contact (J3) which is activated simultaneously with the relay trip. This enables to use conventional current injection equipment for testing the protection relays.

The selfpowered transformers are also connected to the power supply board using the J7 connector in the

selfpowered relays. The signal transformers are connected to the board’s J8 connector, the function being to inject current into the secondary in order to test the relay.

The ekor.rpt protection, metering and control unit has three connectors (J1, J3 and J4) to which the user can connect. They are situated on the upper part of the power supply and test board and their functions are as follows.

Connector Name Functions Normal use

J1 EXT. TRIPIt must be connected to an NO, volt-free contact. When it is activated, the protection device trips if an overcurrent protection function is activated.

Transformer thermometer

J3 TRIPThis is an NO, volt-free contact which is activated when the protection device is tripped. It also works in self powered mode.

Protection unit testTrip signal for remotely-controlled installations

J4 V. AUX

Auxiliary power supply input:230 Vac for selfpowered units and 24 to 125 Vdc or 24 to 110 Vac for those with auxiliary power supply (10 kV insulated in relation to the rest of the equipment, in self powered models)

Relay power supply (LVB of the transformer to protect, battery, etc.)

Table 7.6. Connector functionallity

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7.3.4. ekor.rpt electrical diagram

Figure 7.9. ekor.rpt electrical diagram

For more details, please see electrical diagram No. 990,042, which shows the electrical connections between the different parts of the ekor.rpg unit and the cubicle.

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7.3.5. Installation of toroidal-core current transformers

The installation of toroidal-core current transformers requires special attention. It is the main cause of untimely tripping problems, and its improper operation can cause trips that go undetected during commissioning. Aspects that must be considered in the installation.

1. The toroidal-core current transformers are installed on the outgoing cables of the cubicle. The inner diameter is 82 mm, which means that MV cables can easily pass through the inside.

2. The earthing screen MUST go through the toroidal-core current transformer when it comes out of the part of cable remaining above the toroidal-core current transformer. In this case, the braided pair goes through the inside of the toroidal-core current transformer before it is connected to the earthing of the cubicle. The braided pair must not touch any metal part, such as the cable support or other areas of the cable compartment, before it is connected to the cubicle’s earth.

3. The earthing screen must NOT go through the toroidal-core current transformer when it comes out of the part of cable remaining under the toroidal-core current transformer. In this case, the braided pair is connected directly to the earthing collector of the cubicle. If there is no braided pair for the earthing screen because it is connected at the other end (as in metering cubicles), the twisted pair should also not go through the toroidal-core current transformer.

1 Earth screen: it must pass through the inside of the toroidal-core

Figure 7.10. Installation of toroidal-core transformers

7.3.6. Checking and maintenance

The ekor.rpt protection, metering and control unit is designed to perform the operating test necessary for both commissioning and regular maintenance checks. Several levels of checks are available depending on the possibility of interrupting service and accessing the MV cubicle cable compartment.

1. Check through the primary: This case corresponds to the tests that are performed on the equipment when it is completely shut down, since it involves actuating the switch-disconnector and earthing the cubicle outgoing cables. When current is injected through the toroidal-core current transformers, you must check that the protection opens the switch within the selected time. In addition, you must make sure that the tripping indications are correct and that all the events are being recorded in the history log.

To perform this check, the unit must be powered up. Hence more than 5 A must be injected, or it must be connected to 230 Vac for self powered relays. As regards those which have auxiliary power supply, feed the voltage through the board’s J4 connector..

To perform this check, follow the steps indicated below:

a. Open the cubicle’s switch-disconnector and then earth the output.

b. Access the cable compartment and pass a test cable through the toroidal-core current transformers.

c. Connect the test cable to the current circuit of the tester.

d. Connect the power supply board’s J3 connector to the tester’s timer stopper input.

e. Open the earthing switch and close the switch. Reset the latch and remove the actuating lever in order to leave the cubicle ready for tripping.

f. Inject the test currents and verify the tripping times are correct. Check that the trips are correctly displayed.

For phase trips, the test cable must pass through two toroidal-core current transformers. The cable must pass through each of them in opposite direction; in other words, if in the first one current flows up bottom, in the other it must flow bottom up so that the sum of the two currents equals zero and no earth trip occur.

For earth trips, the test cable is passed through a single toroidal-core current transformer (zero-sequence or phase toroidal, depending on whether a zero-sequence toroidal is available or not). Trip tests must be performed for all toroidal-core current transformers to check the proper operation of the complete unit.

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2. Check through the secondary. In this case, the tests are performed on the equipment when the cable compartment is not accessible. This occurs because the cubicle outgoing cables are energised and cannot be connected to earth. In this case, it is not possible to feed a test cable through the toroidal transformers and current must be injected from the power supply board. This testing method is much better than using testing equipment (normally more than 100 A).

Figure 7.11. Tarjeta de alimentación


a. Access the control’s upper compartment where the power supply board is located.

b. Disconnect the bistable trigger.

c. Disconnect the blue, brown, black and earth cables of the J8 connector, corresponding to points J8-6, J8-8, J8-10 and J8-1 respectively.

d. Connect the previously disconnected cables to the earth points N of connector J8-3. This operation will short-circuit the current transformers’ secondary circuitry.

e. Connect the power supply to the J4 connector: 230 Vac for selfpowered units and 24 to 125 Vdc or 24 to 110 Vac for auxiliary power supply units.

f. Connect the test cable to the J8 connector, bearing in mind the following ratio between the connector’s points and the phases:

Current through L1 – J8-6 and J8-1.



Current through L1 and L2 (without earthing current) - J8-6 and J8-8.

Current through L1 and L3 (without earthing current) - J8-6 and J8-10.

Current through L2 and L3 (without earthing current) - J8-8 and J8-10

g. Connect the test cable to the current circuit of the tester.

h. Connect the power supply board’s J3 connector to the tester’s timer stopper input.

i. If the switch can be opened, put it in closed position. Reset the latch and remove the actuating lever in order to leave the cubicle ready for tripping and connect the bistable trigger. If the switch cannot be operated, the bistable trigger should remain disconnected and the checking process should be performed as shown in next section: “Check without switch operation”.

j. Inject the secondary test currents taking into account that the transformation ratio is 300 / 1 A. Check that the trip times are correct. Check that the trips are correctly displayed.

It is advisable to perform the check through the primary or the check through the secondary annually to guarantee correct equipment operation.

3. Check without operating the switch. In many occasions, the protection cubicle switch cannot be operated and therefore, the maintenance checks are performed exclusively on the electronic unit. In these cases, the following points shall be considered.

a. Always disconnect the bistable trigger. This way, the relay can trip without acting upon the opening mechanism.

b. Inject the current according to the section above “check through the secondary”.

c. The toroidal-core current transformers can be verified if the approximate consumption is known. The current that circulates through the secondary J8-6 (blue), J8-8 (brown) and J8-10 (black) must correspond to the 300 / 1 A ratio.

d. As regards selfpowered relays, check that the selfpowered transformers provide the operating power needed by the relay, if the primary current is greater than 5 A. To do this, check that the voltage in connector J7 (between points 1 - blue and 2- brown) is greater than 10 Vdc.

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7.4. ekor.rpg Units

7.4.1. Functional description

The ekor.rpg unit is used for the general protection of lines, private installations, transformers, etc. It is installed in circuit-breaker cubicles - models cgmcosmos-v, and/or cgm.3-v - so that the electronic unit performs all the protection functions.

When an overcurrent that is within the relay operational value range is detected, this relay acts upon a low power bistable trigger that opens the circuit-breaker.

1 Checking terminal block



Figure 7.12. Functional description

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7.4.2. Technical characteristics

The ekor.rpg protection unit is used to protect the following power ratings:

cgmcosmos/cgm.3 Systems

Line voltage[kV]

ekor.rpg with 5 - 100 A transformers ekor.rpg with 15 – 630 A transformers

P. mín[kVA] [kVA]

P. máx[kVA]

6.6 50 160 500010 100 200 7500

13.8 100 315 10 00015 100 315 12 00020 160 400 15 000

25(1) 200 630 20 00030(1) 250 630 25 000

(1) For and cgm.3 system cubicles

Table 7.7. Power ratings

Selection process for the ekor.rpg unit protection parameters in cgmcosmos-v, and cgm.3-v cubicles:

1. Determine the system power to be protected and select the ekor.rpg model in accordance with the table above.

2. Calculate the rated current In = S / √3 x Un.3. Define the continuous overload level I>. Normal values

in transformers of up to 2000 kVA are 20 % for distribution installations and 5 % for power generation installations.

4. Select the transitory overload curve. Coordination between relay curves and LV fuses is performed with the EI type curve.

5. Define the delay time in transitory overload K. This parameter is defined by the transformer’s thermal constant. This way, the greater the constant, the longer it takes for the transformer’s temperature to increase under an overload condition; and therefore, the protection trigger can be delayed longer. The normal value for distribution transformers is K = 0.2, which means that it trips in 2 s if the overload is 300 % in the EI curve.

6. Short-circuit level I>>. The maximum value of the transformer’s magnetisation current must be determined. The current peak produced when a no-load transformer is connected, due to the effect of a magnetised nucleus, is several times greater than the rated current. This peak value, up to 12 times the rated value (10 times for more than 1000 kVA) has a very high harmonic content, so its fundamental 50 Hz component is much less. So, a normal setting value for this parameter is between 7 and 10. In the case of general protections for several transformers, this value can be lower.

7. Instantaneous time delay T>>. This value corresponds with the protection trip time in the event a short-circuit occurs. It depends on the coordination with other protections and the normal values are between 0.1 and 0.5 s.

In the case of a general protection for two transformers, 1000 kVA each:

S = 2000 kVA, Un = 15 kV

The steps to follow for proper setting of the protection relay are the following:

a. Rated current. In = S / √3 x Un = 2000 kVA / √3 x 15 kV ≅ 77 A

b. Continuous withstand overload 20 %. In x I> = 77 A x 1.2 ≅ 92 A

c. Extremely Inverse Curve type. E.I.

d. Transitory overload factor. K = 0.2

e. Short-circuit level. In x I> x I>> = 77 A x 1,2 x 10 ≅ 924 A

f. Instantaneous time delay T>> = 0,1 s

The earth unit setting depends on the characteristics of the network where the equipment is installed. In general, the earth fault values are high enough to be detected as overcurrent. In the isolated or resonant earthed neutral networks, when the fault value is very low, in other words, when the earth protection is set to a value below 10 % of the rated phase current, it is recommended that an ultrasensitive earth protection be used.

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The values of the setting parameters must guarantee selectivity with the main switch protections. Given the variety of protection criteria and types of neutral used in the networks, it does not exist a single parameterisation; each case requires a specific parameterisation. For transformers

up to 2000 kVA, the settings below are given as a general example. It must be ensured that they properly apply to the protections upstream (general, line or main switch protections, among others.)

Phase setting

Rated current Curve Instantaneous I> K I>> T>>In = S / √3 x Un = 77 A EI DT 1.2 0.2 10 0.1

Table 7.8. Phase setting

Earth setting

Type of neutral Curve Instantaneous Io> Ko Io>> To>>Solid or impedant NI DT 0.2 0.2 5 0.1

Isolated or resonant NI DT 0.1 / Ig = 2 A (*) 0.2 5 0.2

* In case a zero-sequence toroidal transformer is used

Table 7.9. Setting of earth

7.4.3. Installation in a cubicle

The integral parts of the ekor.rpg units are the electronic relay, the power supply and test board and flip-flop trigger and the current sensors.

The electronic relay is fixed to the cubicle driving mechanism using anchors. The front of the equipment, which contains the components of the user interface, display, keys, communication ports, etc., is accessible from the outside without the need to remove the driving mechanism enclosure. The rear contains the X1 and X2 connectors (see section 7.4.4) as well as the wiring that connects it to the

power supply board. The signals that are operational for the user are located on a terminal block that can be short-circuited and accessed from the upper part of the cubicle. Furthermore, there is a volt-free contact (G3-G4) which is simultaneously activated with the relay trip. This enables to use conventional current injection equipment for testing the protection relays.

The functionality of the terminal block G for connecting the user is described below

Terminals Name Functions Normal Use

G1-G2 V.AUX

Auxiliary power supply input:230 Vac for selfpowered units and 24 to 125 Vdc or 24 to 110 Vac for those with auxiliary power supply (10 kV insulated in relation to the rest of the equipment, in self powered models).

Relay power supply (TS transformer’s LV board, battery, etc.)

G3-G4 TRIPThis is an NO, volt-free contact which is activated when the protection device is tripped. It also works in self powered mode.

Protection unit testTrip signal for remotely-controlled installations

G5-G6 EXT.TRIPIt must be connected to an NO, volt-free contact. When it is activated, the protection device trips if an overcurrent protection function is enabled.

Transformer thermometer

G7-…-G12 IP1,IP2,…Short-circuitable and disconnectable terminals for secondary current circuits.

Current injection for secondary relay tests

Table 7.10. Functionality of the terminal block G for connecting the user

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7.4.4. ekor.rpg electrical diagram

Figure 7.13. ekor.rpg electrical diagram

For more details, please see electrical diagram No. 996,410, which shows the electrical connections between the different parts of the ekor.rpg unit and the cubicle.

Figure 7.14. Front and rear view

1 ekor.rpg relay configuration interconnection

2 DB-9 Male (relay)

3 DB-9 Female (PC)

4 RS485 communications connection

Figure 7.15. ekor.rpg frontal and rear connection diagram

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7.4.5. Installation of Toroidal-core current transformers

In cgmcosmos-v and cgm.3-v cubicles, the current transformers are installed in the cubicle bushings. Therefore there are no problems with connection errors in the earthing grid. Additionally, these toroidal-core current transformers are equipped with a test connection for conducting maintenance operations.

The terminals that can be used with the toroidal-core current transformers mounted in the bushings are as follows:

Manufacturer Current rating [A]

12 kV Type of

connector

12 kV cross-section [mm2]

24 kV Type of

connector


36 kV Type of

connector


EUROMOLD

400 400 TE 70 - 300 K-400TE 25 - 300 - -630 400 LB 50 - 300 K-400LB 50 - 300 - -630 400 TB 70 - 300 K-400TB 35 - 300 M-400TB 25 - 240630 440 TB 185 - 630 K-440TB 185 - 630 M-440TB 185 - 630

Table 7.11. Terminals

For other type of terminals[1], the toroidal-core current transformers must be loosened and installed directly on the cables, in accordance with the instructions listed in section 7.3.5.

7.4.6. Checking and maintenance

The ekor.rpg protection, metering and control unit is designed to perform the operating test necessary for both commissioning and regular maintenance checks. Several levels of checks are available depending on the possibility of interrupting service and accessing the MV cubicle cable compartment.

To perform this check, the unit must be powered up. Hence more than 5 A must be injected, or it must be connected to 230 Vac for selfpowered relays. As regards those which have auxiliary power supply, feed the voltage through the board’s J4 connector.

1. Check through the primary: In this case the tests are performed on the equipment when it is completely shut down, since it involves actuating the circuit-breaker and earthing the cubicle outgoing cables. When current is injected through the toroidal-core current transformers, you must check that the protection opens the circuit-breaker within the selected time. In addition, you must make sure that the tripping indications are correct and that all the events are being recorded in the history log.

[4] Consult Ormazabal’s technical-commercial department.


a. Open the cubicle’s circuit-breaker. Close the earthing switch and then close the circuit-breaker for an effective earthing.

b. Access the cable compartment and connect the test cable to the test connector of the toroidal-core current transformers.

c. Connect the test cable to the current circuit of the tester.

d. Connect terminals G3-G4 to the tester’s timer stopper input.

e. Open the circuit-breaker. Open the earthing switch and then close the circuit-breaker. To open the circuit-breaker using the protection unit, the earthing switch must be open.

f. Inject the test currents and verify the tripping times are correct. Check that the trips are correctly displayed.

In order to detect phase trips, the test cable must be connected to the test bars of two toroidal-core current transformers. The current must go through each one in opposite directions. In other words, if the current flows up bottom in one of the test cables, in the other it must flow bottom up so that the sum of the two currents is zero and no earth fault trips occur.

For earth trips, the test cable is connected to a single toroidal-core current transformer (zero-sequence or phase toroidal transformer, depending on whether a zero-sequence toroidal is available or not). Trip tests must be performed for all toroidal-core current transformers to check the proper operation of the complete unit.

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2. Check through the secondary with circuit-breaker operation:In this case, the tests are performed on the equipment when the cable compartment is not accessible. This occurs because the cubicle outgoing cables are energised and cannot be connected to earth. In this case, the test cable cannot be connected to the test connection in the toroidal-core current transformers and the current injection is performed through the test terminal block. This testing method is also used when the primary current values being tested are much greater than those produced by test equipment (normally greater than 100 A).

Figure 7.16. Checking terminal block


a. Access the driving mechanism upper compartment where the checks and test terminal block is located.

b. Disconnect the bistable trigger.

c. Short-circuit, and then disconnect current circuit terminals G7, G8, G9, G10, G11 and G12. This procedure short-circuits the current transformer secondaries.

d. Connect the power supply to the G1-G2 connector: 230 Vac for selfpowered units and 24 to 125 Vdc or 24 to 110 Vac for auxiliary power supply units.

e. Connect the test cable to terminals G7 to G12, taking into account the following relation between the connector’s points and the phases.

Current through L1 – G7 and G12.



Current through L1 and L2 (without earthing current) - G7 and G8.

Current through L1 and L3 (without earthing current) - G7 and G9.

Current through L2 and L3 (without earthing current) - G8 and G9

f. Connect the test cable to the current circuit of the tester.

g. Connect the G3-G4 connector to the tester’s timer stopper input.

h. If the circuit-breaker can be opened, put it in closed position. If the circuit-breaker cannot be operated, make sure the bistable trigger remains disconnected, and start the check as explained in the following section “check without circuit-breaker operation”.

i. Inject the secondary test currents taking into account that the transformation ratio is 300 / 1 A or 1000 / 1 A, depending on the model. Verify the tripping times are correct. Check that the trips are correctly displayed.

3. Check through the secondary without circuit-breaker operation: In many occasions, the protection cubicle circuit-breaker cannot be operated and therefore, the maintenance checks are performed exclusively on the electronic unit. In theses cases, the following points shall be considered:

a. Always disconnect the bistable trigger. This way, the relay can trip without acting upon the opening mechanism.

b. Inject the current according to the section above “check through the secondary with circuit-breaker operation”.

c. The toroidal-core current transformers can be verified if the approximate consumption is known. The current that circulates through the G7 (blue), G8 (brown) and G9 (black) secondaries must correspond to the ratio of 300 / 1 A or 1000 / 1 A.

d. As regards selfpowered relays, check that the selfpowered transformers provide the operating power needed by the relay, if the primary current is greater than 5 A. To do this, check that the voltage in connector J7 (between points 1 - blue and 2 - brown) is greater than 10 Vdc.

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Setting and handling menus

8. Setting and handling menus

8.1. Keypad and alphanumeric display

As can be seen in the image, the ekor.rp protection, metering and control units have a total of 6 keys:

SET: gives access to the ‘parameter setting’ mode. In addition, the key has a confirmation function within the various menus of the ‘parameter setting’ mode. This function is explained in greater detail in this section.

ESC: This key allows the user to return to the main screen (‘display’) from any screen without saving changes made to the settings up to this point. Using this key, the unit’s trip indications can be reset.

Scrolling keys: The ‘up’ and ‘down’ arrows enable the user to scroll through the different menus and change values. The ‘right’ and ‘left’ arrows allow values in the ‘parameter setting’ menu to be selected for modification, as detailed later.

Along with the keypad, the relays have an alphanumeric display which makes it easier to use them. To save energy, the relay has a standby mode (display switched off), which starts to operate any time the relay does not receive an external signal for 1 minute (pressing of any key, except the SET key, or communication via RS-232), or for 2 minutes if the user is modifying the parameters in the ‘parameter setting’ mode. Likewise, if either type of external signal is received (pressing of the ESC, arrow up, down, left or right keys; or communication via RS-232) the relay will exit the standby mode and return to its active status, as long as the relay remains powered.

Figure 8.1. ekor.rp protection, metering and control units

Figure 8.2. SET key

Figure 8.3. ESC key

Figure 8.4. Scrolling keys

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8.2. Display

The ‘Display’ mode is the normal mode of the relay when in operation. Its main function is to allow the user to view various unit parameters which can be summarised in 4 groups:

1. Current metering2. Viewing the setting values3. Values of the last and penultimate trip4. Current date and time

The ‘display’ mode is shown by default in the relay, both when it is switched on and when it returns from its standby status, or when pressing the ESC key from any screen. In this operating mode, the ‘up’ and ‘down’ keys are enabled so that the user can scroll through the various parameters in the ‘display’ mode. The SET key gives access to the ‘parameter setting’ mode.

The following figure shows an example of several ‘display’ mode screens for the ekor.rp units.

The screens shown in the relay display consist of two data lines. The first indicates the parameter for the specific screen; the second establishes the value of this parameter.

Additionally, error codes can be indicated in both the display screen and the two data lines (refer to section 8.5: “Error codes”). These indications are displayed with the other indications.

Figure 8.5. Current date and time

Figure 8.6. Screen ‘display’ mode

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A table with the “display” mode parameters sequence is shown below. This table includes the text that appears on the first line of the relay display, along with an explanation of the corresponding parameter.

Parámetro SignificadoI1. A Phase 1 current meteringI2. A Phase 2 current meteringI3. A Phase 3 current meteringI0. A Zero-sequence current meteringI> Phase curve type (NI, VI, EI, DT, disabled)I0> Zero-sequence curve type (NI, VI, EI, DT, disabled)I>> Instantaneous phase unit enabled/disabledI0>> Instantaneous zero-sequence unit enabled/disabledIn. A Phase full load currentI> Phase overload factorK Constant phase multiplier

I>> Phase instantaneous multiplierT>> Phase instantaneous time delayI0> Earth leakage factorK0 Constant zero-sequence multiplier

I0>> Zero-sequence instantaneous multiplierT0>> Zero-sequence instantaneous time delayH2. A Current at last trip

H2 Cause of last tripH2.TM Time delay of last trip, from start-up to the tripH2.DT Last trip dateH2.YE Last trip yearH2.HR Hour and minute of last tripH2.SE Last trip secondH1. A Penultimate trip current

H1 Penultimate trip causeH1.TM Time delay of the penultimate trip, from start up to the tripH1.DT Penultimate trip dateH1.YE Penultimate trip yearH1.HR Hour and minute of penultimate tripH1.SE Penultimate trip secondDATE Current dateYEAR Current yearHOUR Current time

SEC Current second

Table 8.1. “Display” mode parameter sequence

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8.3. Parameter setting

The ‘parameter setting’ menu can be accessed from any screen of the ‘display’ menu by pressing the SET key. The protection remains operational with the initial parameters, until the user returns to the ‘display’ menu by pressing on the SET key again.

As a precautionary measure, the ‘parameter setting’ menu is protected by a password, which is entered each time the user wishes to access this menu. By default, all of the ekor.rp units have the password 0000. This password can be modified by the user as explained further on.

This menu allows the user to make changes to various relay parameters. These parameters can be grouped as follows:

1. Parameters for the protection and detection functions2. Date and time3. Communication parameters4. Information on the number of trips5. Password change

When the relay is in the ‘parameter setting’ menu, the indication SET on the lower middle section of the relay screen allows the user to identify the menu quickly.

Figure 8.7. Parameter setting

8.3.1. Protection parameters

The ekor.rp units include two methods for selecting the setting parameters. manual and automatic.

The manual method consists of entering each protection parameter one by one.

On the other hand, the automatic method makes the parameter entry easier and quicker for the user. In this method, the user simply enters 2 pieces of data: Installation

transformer power (Pt), and line voltage (Tr). From these 2 pieces of data, the relay sets the parameters according to:

)3( ×=

r

tn T

PI

The selected full load current value is achieved by always rounding up the value.

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The rest of setting values are fixed (see the table below), although the user can change any of the values selected in

the program from the manual mode.

Phase protection Earth protection

Setting Automatic value Setting Automatic valueOverload factor 120 % Earth leakage factor 20 %Curve type EI Curve type NIConstant multiplier 0.2 Constant multiplier 0.2Short-circuit factor 10(*) Short-circuit factor 5Trip time 0.1(*) Trip time 0.1(*)Tripping enabled DT Tripping enabled DT

* For protection using the ekor.rpt-101, 201 or 301 models with 5 – 100 A range transformers, the short-circuit factor is 7 and the instantaneous tripping time is 0.4.

Table 8.2. Protection parameter

8.3.2. Parameter setting menu

When accessing the ‘parameter setting’ menu through the SET key, the relay requests a password. The settings introduction area is accessed once it is verified that the password is correct. At this moment, manual configuration (CONF PAR) or automatic configuration (CONF TRAF) must be selected. You can change from one to the other using the ‘right’ and ‘left’ keys. Press the SET key to select the desired option. The diagram on the right graphically explains this process.

Once inside any of the two settings entry areas, the user can move from one parameter to another using the ‘up’ and ‘down’ keys, the same as in the ‘display’ mode. Press the ESC or SET key to exit this menu and access the ‘display’ menu. The ESC key will disregard all setting changes made previously, whereas the SET key will save all data before continuing.

Figure 8.8. Parameter setting

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To change a setting, proceed as follows:

1. Display the setting to be changed on the screen.2. Press the ‘left’ or ‘right’ keys. The data will start to flash.3. Adjust the value required with the ‘up’ and ‘down’ keys. If the

setting is numeric, the blinking number can be changed with the ‘left’ or ‘right’ keys.

4. To exit, press SET (save and exit), or ESC (clear changes and exit).

Figure 8.9. Setting modification

The password can be modified by first entering the current password. The process is explained graphically in the diagram on the right. As shown in this diagram, password modification consists of four steps.

Figure 8.10. Password modification

The two following tables show the protection parameters in the ‘parameter setting’ menu, along with an explanation of each of them and the values they can have. This information is shown for each of the two setting modes: manual or automatic.

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Parameter Meaning RangeI> Phase curve type / unit disabling OFF, NI, VI, EI, DTI0> Zero-sequence curve type / unit disabling OFF, NI, VI, EI, DTI>> Enabling instantaneous phase unit OFF, DTI0>> Enabling instantaneous earth unit OFF, DT

In. A Phase full load current192 A for ekor.rpx - x01480 A for ekor.rpx - x02

I> Phase overload factor 1.00 – 1.30K Constant phase multiplier 0.05 – 1.6

I>> Phase instantaneous multiplier 1 – 25T>> Phase instantaneous time delay 0.05 – 2.5**I0> Earth leakage factor 0.1 – 0.8

K0 Constant zero-sequence multiplier 0.05 – 1.6I0>> Zero-sequence instantaneous multiplier 1 – 25T0>> Zero-sequence instantaneous time delay 0,05 – 2,5DATE Modify current day (day and month) 1 - 31 / 1 - 12YEAR Modify the current year 2000 – 2059HOUR Modify the current time 00: 00 - 23: 59SEC. Modify the current second 0 - 59

*NPER Peripheral number 0 – 31*PROT Protocol number 0000[5] MODBUS-0001*BAUD Transmission speed (kbps) 1.2; 2.4; 4.8; 9.6; 19.2; 38.4*PARI Parity No, even, odd*LEN Word length 7; 8

*STOP Stop bits 1; 2DT.AD Day and month on which the last setting was made Cannot be changedYE.AD Year in which the last setting was made Cannot be changedHR.AD Time at which the last setting was made Cannot be changedSE.AD Second at which the last setting was made Cannot be changedNTP Number of phase trips Cannot be changedNTG Number of earth trips Cannot be changed*V.0 Firmware version Cannot be changed

PSWU Password modification 0000 - 9999

* Only available for firmware version 18 or later.** In the case of zero-sequence toroidal transformer, the range is 0.5 A-In and the parameter is Ig.

Table 8.3. Manual setting menu

[5] ekor.soft communication protocol

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Parameter Meaning Range

tP 0W Transformer power (kVA)50; 100; 160; 200; 250; 315; 400; 500; 630; 800; 1000; 1250;

1600; 2000Tvol Line voltage (kV) 6,6; 10; 12; 13,2; 15; 20; 25; 30

DATE Current day and month 1 – 31 / 1 - 12YEAR Current year 2000 - 2059HOUR Current time 00: 00 – 23: 59SEC. Current second 0 - 59

*NPER Peripheral number 0 - 31*PROT Protocol number 0000[6] (MODBUS) - 0001*BAUD Transmission speed (kbps) 1.2; 2.4; 4.8; 9.6; 19.2; 38.4*PARI Parity No, even, odd*LEN Word length 7, 8

*STOP Stop bits 1, 2DT.AD Day and month on which the last setting was made Cannot be changedYE.AD Year in which the last setting was made Cannot be changedHR.AD Time at which the last setting was made Cannot be changedSE.AD Second at which the last setting was made Cannot be changedNTP Number of phase trips Cannot be changedNTG Number of earth trips Cannot be changedNTE Number of external trips Cannot be changed*V.0 Firmware version Cannot be changed

PSWU Password modification 0000 - 9999

* Only available for firmware version 18 or later

Table 8.4. Automatic setting menu

[6] ekor.soft communication protocol.

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8.4. Trip recognition

Whenever a trip occurs, the relay immediately accesses the ‘Trip recognition” menu. This menu can be easily identified because a blinking arrow is located on the upper part of the display, just below the name of the function that has caused the trip. The ekor.rp units signal five possible trip causes using the upper arrow:

1. Phase time-delayed trip I>2. Phase instantaneous trip I>>3. Earth time-delayed trip I0>4. Earth instantaneous trip I0>>5. External trip Ext

To quit the ‘trip recognition’ menu, press the ESC key from any of the menu screens. The relay recognises that the user has checked the trip and then returns to the first screen of the ‘display’ menu. In any case, the trip data will continue to be available to the user from the ‘display’ menu until two new trips have occurred.

The various screens of the of ‘trip recognition’ menu provide two types of information. The initial screen shows the current detected at the tripping moment, by phase or earth depending on the tripped unit. Subsequent ‘trip recognition’ screens display the date and time of the trip, along with the time elapsed from the unit start up to the trip.

Figure 8.11. Trip recognition

The following table shows the sequence in which the data appear. As in the rest of the menus, the ‘up’ and ‘down’ keys are used to scroll throughout the various data:

Parameter MeaningIx A Current at the tripping moment

Ix TM Time elapsed from unit start up to the tripIx DT Day and month on which the trip occurredIx YE Year in which the trip occurredIx HR Time at which the trip occurredIx SE Second in which the trip occurred

Where subscript x depends on the cause of the trip: e1 f, e2 f, e3 f or e0 f, for phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 or zero-sequence, respectively.

Table 8.5. Appearance of data sequence

8.5. Error codes

The ekor.rp units have a series of error codes used to warn the user regarding the different anomalies that may occur in the system.

The different error codes are identified by a number, just as shown in the figure on the right. The following error codes may be displayed on the ekor.rp unitsp:

Code shown on the display

Meaning

ER 01230 Vca in the external trip input (this input is to be connected to a volt-free contact)

ER 03 Error when opening switch

Table 8.6. Error codesFigure 8.12. Error display

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8.6. Menu map (quick access)

The menu map is a summary table that indicates all the submenus for the ekor.rp units, as well as a brief explanation of each one.

Figure 8.13. Menu map (1)

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The on-screen representation of the equipment for last and penultimate trips is detailed below:

Figure 8.15. View of last and penultimate trips on the menu map

Fault history logHn Last trip (n = 2). Penultimate trip (n = 1)

Hn A | amp. Current at the moment of tripping (A = amps)

Hn | F x y

Reason for tripping: X = Trip at phase 1 (R), 2 (S), 3 (T), or (neutral),

trip external (ext.) Y = Trip. time delayed (>) or instantaneous

(>>)

Hn TM | time Time elapsed from unit start up to the trip (mSg.)

Hn DT | date Day and month on which the trip occurred

Hn YE | year Year in which the trip occurred

Hn HR | time Time at which the trip occurred

Hn SE | sec. Second in which the trip occurred

Table 8.7. Fault history

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MODBUS protocol for ekor.rp range units

9. MODBUS protocol for ekor.rp range units

The two communication ports of the relay use the same protocol: MODBUS in RTU transmission mode (binary). The main advantage of this mode over the ASCII mode is that the information is packed tighter, allowing a higher data transmission rate at the same communication speed. Each message must be transmitted as a continuous string, as the silences are used to detect the end of the message. The minimum duration of the silence is 3.5 characters.

Start Address Function Data CRC EndSilence 8 bits 8 bits n x 8 bits 16 bits Silence

Table 9.1. RTU message frame

The MODBUS address of the relay (also called peripheral number) is a byte that takes values between 0 and 31.

The master addresses the slave, indicating its address in the respective field and the slave answers by indicating its own address. The ‘0’ address is reserved for the ‘broadcast’ mode so it can be recognised by all slaves.

1 ekor.bus

2 Parametters settings

Figure 9.1. MODBUS address

9.1. Read / write functions

In principle, only two functions will be implemented, one for reading and another for writing data.

9.1.1. Data reading

Question:

Start Address Function Data CRC EndSilence SLAD ‘3’ ADDR-H ADDR-L NDATA-H NDATA-L 16 bits Silence

Table 9.2. Question

Response:

Start Address Function No. of bytes Data CRC EndSilence SLAD ‘3’ N DATA1-H DATA1-L ....... 16 bits Silence

Table 9.3. Response

where:SLAD Slave addressADDR-H High byte of the address for the first register to be readADDR-L Low byte of the address for the first register to be readNDATA-H High byte of the number of registers to be readNDATA-L Low byte of the number of registers to be readDATA1-H High byte of the first register requestedDATA1-L Low byte of the first register requestedN Total number of data bytes. This will be equal to the

number of registers requested, multiplied by 2

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9.1.2. Data writing

This makes it possible to write a single register at the address indicated

Response:

Start Address Function Data CRC EndSilence SLAD ‘6’ ADDR-H ADDR-L DATA-H DATA-L 16 bits Silence

Table 9.4. Question

Response:

The normal response is an echo of the query received

where:SLAD Slave addressADDR-H High byte of the address for the register to be writtenADDR-L Low byte of the address for the register to be writtenDATA-H High byte of the data to be writtenDATA-L Low byte of the data to be written

9.1.3. Response in case of error

Start Address Function Error-Code CRC EndSilence SLAD FUNC_ERR CODE_ERROR 16 bits Silence

Table 9.5. Response in case of error

where:SLAD Slave addressFUNC_ERR Code of the function requested, with the most significant bit at 1CODE_ERROR

Code of the error occurred‘1’ Error in the number of registers‘2’ Wrong address‘3’ Incorrect data‘4’ Attempt made to read a write-only address‘5’ Session error‘6’ EEPROM error‘8’ Attempt being made to write in a read-only address

9.2. Password-protected register writing

The parameters are protected against writing by the user password.

A write session of password-protected parameters starts by entering the password in the respective address. The write session ends with the update of registers once the

respective password has been transmitted again. If the timeout period has elapsed, the process is aborted and the system returns to normal mode. In normal mode, any attempt to write a protected registration will result in an error code 2’. The write session is valid for only one port (the one that entered the password has priority).

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9.3. CRC generation

The cyclical redundancy check (CRC) field contains two bytes that are added to the end of the message. The receiver must re-calculate it and compare it with the received value. Both values must be equal.

The CRC is the remainder obtained when dividing the message by a binary polynomial. The receiver must divide all bits received (information plus CRC) by the same polynomial used to calculate the CRC. If the remainder obtained is 0, the information frame is deemed correct.

The polynomial used will be: X15+X13+1

9.4. Register map

Field Address Contents

In 0x0000from 5 to 100 if RATED_I = 0from 15 to 630 if RATED_I = 1

CURVE_PHASE– CURVE_ ZERO-SEQ 0x0001 0: OFF; 1: NI; 2: VI; 3:EI; 4: DTPHASE_INST ZERO-SEQ_INST 0x0002 0: OFF, 1: DT

PHASE_INST_OVERLOAD (I>) 0x0003 0: 100 %; 1: 101 %; 2: 102 %,... 30: 130 %

ZERO-SEQ_CURRENT (Io>) 0x0004Vector_sum0: 10 %; 1: 11 %;…80 %

0-sequence_toroidal0: 0.1; 1 :0.2; 2: 1.5 A…In

K Ko 0x0005 0: 0.05; 1: 0.06; ... 20 :1.6PHASE_INST_OCCUR ZERO-SEQ_INST_OCCUR 0x0006 0: 3; 1: 4;…17: 20

PHASE_INST_TIME ZERO-SEQ_INST_TIME 0x00070 → 50 ms, 1 → 60 ms 2, → 70 ms, 3 → 80 ms 4 → 90 ms, 5 → 100 ms, 6 → 200 ms...2,5 s

PHASE_TRIP_COUNTER 0x0008 from 0000 to 9999

EARTH_TRIP_COUNTER 0x0009 from 0000 to 9999

EXTERNAL_TRIP_COUNTER 0x000a from 0000 to 9999USER_PASSWORD 0x000b from 0000 to 9999

ZERO-SEQ_CURRENT (Io>) 0x000cVector_sum0: 10 %; 1: 11 %;…80%

0-sequence_toroidal0: 0.1; 1: 0.2; 2: 0.3 A…In

Table 9.6. User settings: user password-protected writing

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Field Address Contents

User setting date

YEAR 0x0200

RTC formatMONTH DAY 0x0201HOUR MINUTE 0x0202

00 SECONDS 0x0203

Tripping history log

PENULT_TRIP LAST_TRIP 0x0208 Bit Contents0 Trip by phase

1: L1, 2: L2, 3: L312 Zero-sequence trip3 NOT USED4 External trip5 Cause of the phase trip

0: overload,1: short-circuit

6 Cause of the zero-sequence trip.0: overload,

1: short-circuit7 Double tripping

PHASE_LAST_TRIP_VALUE 0x0209Current in hundredths of an A

0x020aZERO-SEQ_LAST_TRIP_VALUE 0x020b

Current in hundredths of an A0x020c

PHASE_LAST_TRIP_TIME 0x020d Time in hundredths of a sZERO-SEQ_LAST_TRIP_TIME 0x020e Time in hundredths of a s

YEAR 0x020f

RTC formatMONTH DAY 0x0210HOUR MINUTE 0x0211

00 SECONDS 0x0212PHASE_PENULT_TRIP_VALUE 0x0213 Current in hundredths of an A

ZERO-SEQ_PENULT_TRIP_VALUE0x0215 Current in hundredths of an A0x0216

PHASE_PENULT_TRIP_TIME 0x0217 Time in hundredths of a sZERO-SEQ_PENULT_TRIP_TIME 0x0218 Time in hundredths of a s

YEAR 0x0219

RTC formatMONTH DAY 0x021aHOUR MINUTE 0x021b

00 SECONDS 0x021c

Current metering

Phase current L1 0X021dHundredths of on A

0X021ePhase current L2 0X021f

Hundredths of on A0X0220

Phase current L3 0X0221Hundredths of on A

0X0222Zero-sequence current 0X0223

Hundredths of on A0X0224

Inputs 0x0225Bit 0: Input 1,

bit 1: Input 2, etc.Software version

functions 0x0226 from 0 to 99 from A to Z

Table 9.7. History logs; measurements; inputs / outputs; soft version: read only

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Field Address ContentsYEAR 0x0300 from 2000 to 2059

MONTH DAY 0x0301 from 1 to 12 from 1 to 31HOUR MINUTE 0x0302 from 0 to 23 from 0 to 59

00 SECONDS 0x0303 0 from 0 to 59

Table 9.8. Clock

Campo Dirección ContenidoUSER PASSWORD KEY 0x0500 from 0 to 9999

Table 9.9. Password keys: writing only

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Annex A

10. Annex A

10.1. Brief guide for commissioning the ekor.rpg unit in cgmcosmos-v & cgm.3-v

The following steps must be followed for correct commissioning:

10.1.1. Verify the power to be protected

cgmcosmos/cgm.3 Systems

Line voltage[kV]

ekor.rpg with 5 – 100 A transformers ekor.rpg with 15 – 630 A transformers

Min P[kVA] [kVA]

Max P[kVA]

6,6 50 160 500010 100 200 7500

13,8 100 315 1000015 100 315 1200020 160 400 15000

25(1) 200 630 2000030(1) 250 630 25000

(1) for cgm.3 system cubicles only

Table 10.1. cgmcosmos/cgm.3 Systems

10.1.2. Toroidal-core current transformers already installed

1 Bushing

2 Test flatbar

3 Protection and power supply toroidal-core current transformers (already installed)

Figure 10.1. Toroidal-core current transformers already installed

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Annex A

10.1.3. Connect the HV terminals

1Connected terminals (shielded). For non-shielded or plug-in terminals the current transformers (CT) must be installed on the cable

Figure 10.2. Connected terminals

1 Connect braid to earth collector

Figure 10.3. Earth collector

10.1.4. External connections

1. Remove the terminal box cover.

Figure 10.4. Terminal box

2. Connect to terminal block:

a. G1 - G2: 230 Vac or 48Vdc (depending on model A or B)

b. G5 - G6: external trip (thermostat)

Figure 10.5. Connect to terminal block

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Annex A

10.1.5. Set relay

1. Automatic mode:

Installation kV and kVA

2. Manual mode:

Parameters: I>, I0>, I>>,...

Phase settingEarth setting

Type of neutral

Solid or impedant

Isolated or resonant

Curve EI Curve NI NI

Instantaneous TD Instantaneous TD TD

I> 1.2 Io> 0.20.1 /

Ig = 2 A(*)

K 0.2 Ko 0.2 0.2

I>> 10 Io>> 5 5

T>> 0.1 To>> 0.1 0.2

(*) In case a zero-sequence toroidal transformer is used

Table 10.2. Table of settingsFigure 10.6. Relay

10.1.6. Trip test with current

1. Remove earthing switch and close the switch.2. Remove 230 Vac (G1 - G2) to check that the selfpower supply

is operating (except B models).3. Inject test current:

- In two phase trip flatbars

- In one earth trip flatbar4. Repeat for I1, I2 and I3.

Figure 10.7. Trip test with current

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Annex A

10.1.7. External trip test

1. Short-circuit the G5 and G6

Figure 10.8. Bornas cortocircuitables

2. Check trip and indication ‘EXT’

Figure 10.9. Indication “EXT”

10.1.8. Commissioning:

1. Check I1 ≈ I2 ≈ I3

2. Check I0 ≈ 03. Check 230 Vca connection (if available)

10.1.9. What to do in the event of

Error Reason Possible causesError 01 Incorrectly connected thermometer Thermometer connected to 230 V (with potential-free contact)

Error 03 Switch ErrorSwitch mechanical blockingRelay trip wiring errorAuxiliary contact error

I0 ≠ 0 Grid fault incorrectly connected or secondary circuit disconnected

Check that the grid and the secondary circuits are not incorrectly connected

I1 ≠ I2 ≠ I3 UnbalanceIncorrect toroidal-core current transformer connectionCheck secondary circuits

I123 > 5 A and led ‘On’ switched off

SelfpoweredIncorrectly connected toroidal-core current transformerIncorrectly connected relay wiring

Relay trip in I0>> when closing switch

Time T0 >> insufficientReal fault present.Check if T0 >> sufficient, taking into account toroidal vector sum error

Relay trip in I>> when closing switch

I >> insufficientReal fault presentCheck parameter I >>, taking into account transformer current peak (10 times In )

Relay will not communicate Fault in communicationIncorrect communication cable connectionsRelay in energy-saving mode. Press a button of relayIncorrect configuration of communication parameters

Table 10.3. Error

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Annex A

The menu map is a summary table that indicates all the submenus for the ekor.rp units, as well as a brief explanation of each one..


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Annex A


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Annex B

11. Annex B

11.1. Brief guide for commissioning the ekor.rpg unit in cgmcosmos-v & cgm.3-p

The following steps must be followed for correct commissioning:

11.1.1. Verify the power to be protected

cgmcosmos System

Line voltage[kV]

Fuse rated voltage

[kV]



6.6 3 / 7.2 16 50 160(1) 125010 6 / 12 10 100 160 (1) 1250

13.8 10 / 24 16 100 100 125015 10 / 24 16 125 125 (2) 160020 10 / 24 16 160 125 2000

(1) 442 mm cartridge(2) 125 A SIBA SSK fuse

Table 11.1. cgmcosmos System

cgm.3 System

Line voltage[kV]

Fuse rated voltage

[kV]



6.6 3 / 7.2 16 50 160 (1) 100010 6 / 12 16 100 125 1250

13.8 10 / 24 10 100 63 80015 10 / 24 16 125 63 100020 10 / 24 16 160 63 125025 24 / 36 25 200 80 (2) 200030 24 / 36 25 250 80 (2) 2500

(1) 442 mm cartridge(2) SIBA SSK fuse (check)

Table 11.2. cgm.3 System

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Annex B

11.1.2. Toroidal-core current transformers

Installed on cables.

If the earthing grid originates from:

- underneath the toroidal-core current transformer: do not pass the grid through it.

- above the toroidal-core current transformer: pass the grid through it. Make sure that the screen does not touch any metal part before connecting it to the cubicle earth collector.


2 Earthing grids

3 Protection and power supply toroidal-core current transformers

4 Cables

Figure 11.1. Toroidal

11.1.3. Connect the HV terminals

1Connected terminals (shielded). For non-shielded or plug-in terminals the current transformers (CT) must be installed on the cable.

Figure 11.2. Connected terminals

1 Connect braid to earth collector

Figure 11.3. Earth collector

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Annex B

11.1.4. External connections

1. Remove the control box cover.

Figure 11.4. Control box

2. Connect to the power supply board:

c. J1: external trip (thermostat)

d. J4: 230 Vac or 48 Vdc (depending on model A or B)

Figure 11.5. Connect to the power supply board

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Annex B

11.1.5. Set relay

1. Automatic mode:

Installation kV and kVA

2. Manual mode:

Parameters: I>, I0>, I>>

Phase setting

Curve Instantaneous I> K I>> T>>

3)(USIN

N·

= EI TD 1.2 0.2 7 0.4

Table 11.3. Table of Phase setting

Earth setting

Type of neutral Curve Instantaneous Io> Ko Io>> To>>Solid or impedant NI TD 0.2 0.2 5 0.4

Isolated or resonant NI TD 0.1 0.2 5 0.4

* In case a zero-sequence toroidal transformer is used.

Table 11.4. Table of Earth setting

Figure 11.6. Relay

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Annex B

11.1.6. Trip test with current

1. Remove earthing switch and close the switch2. Remove 230 Vac (J4) to check that the selfpower supply is

operating (except B models).3. Inject test current:

- Insert the cable in two toroidal-core current transformers for phase tripping

- Insert the cable in one toroidal-core current transformer for earth tripping

4. Repeat for I1, I2 and I3..

Figure 11.7. Trip test with current

11.1.7. External trip test

1. Short-circuit the J1

Figure 11.8. Connect to the power supply board

2. Check trip and indication ‘EXT’

Figure 11.9. Indication “EXT”

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Annex B

11.1.8. Commissioning

1. Check I1 ≈ I2≈ I3 2. Check I0 ≈ 03. Check 230 Vca connection (if available)

11.1.9. What to do in the event of

Error Reason Possible causes

Error 01 Incorrectly connected thermometer

Thermometer connected to 230 V (with potential-free contact)

Error 03 Switch errorSwitch mechanical blockingRelay trip wiring errorAuxiliary contact error

I0 ≠ 0 Grid fault incorrectly connected or secondary circuit disconnected

Check that the grid and the secondary circuits are not incorrectly connected

I1 ≠ I2 ≠ I3 UnbalanceIncorrect toroidal-core current transformer connectionCheck secondary circuits

I123 > 5 A and led ‘On’ switched off

Self poweredIncorrectly connected toroidal-core current transformerIncorrectly connected relay wiring

Relay trip in I0>> when closing switch

Time T0 >> insufficientReal fault presentCheck if T0 >> sufficient, taking into account toroidal vector sum error

Relay trip in I>> when closing switch

I >> insufficientReal fault presentCheck parameter I >>, taking into account transformer current peak (10 times In )

Relay will not communicate Fault in communicationIncorrect communication cable connectionsRelay in energy-saving mode. Press a button of relayIncorrect configuration of communication parameters

Table 11.5. Error

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Annex B

The menu map is a summary table that indicates all the submenus for the 5.rp units, as well as a brief explanation of each one.


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Annex B



Notes

Notes

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Notes General Instructionsekor.rpg and ekor.rpt

Notes

IG-159-EN version 08; 15/07/1678

Subject to changes without prior notice.

For more information,contact Ormazabal.

Ormazabal Protection & Automation

IGORRE Spain

www.ormazabal.com

ekor.rpg and ekor - Ormazabal · LIB ekor.rpg and ekor.rpt Protection, metering and control units...

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