I V r!t11bI

[bycR ot bapartmiont

ca

EJThfl1'tJ

.489

TOD

rni 01nti thii

ICA AM[ QJ Cf

ii1orc3nliwtJJiflIm

n.rnno

'I ACI G'QJ d Qf do., c/V

IL1n J1urcr)1J1 nicndi

- niJi'W( 2539

If

U

Royj Forest Departjaeut Lrj

V AMA QI A=jV

.489

0

f;l1flu 1J1ct4

rnno ioci o.iThii

'I dQ.' dij V dQI dTi

fltliV41UU1UTfl1J1 flIJWfl1fl

nihbi 2539

V$flTIJU1 &J

IIll IIll IIM IIM 1111 MI IM II II 00003154

1

I

2

3

5

7

10

11

H2Jfl71ih1li Royal Forest Department L&ipf

MUCH 1! ~Y. ~ I",

tinniii1i Royal Forest Department ua

1J1fl1flPfl1)fl

1114fl1fW41flh1)1 1 1-1 flflAO11V 1flflh1liO4

iininnnci 2 y

nyl aim 17 S

TLf1 iIIIith u1uhijeiQIt1' I niirnii crude protein

fl1LV 1111iI1tU11J1Tt4

iu11fV iWfliTh1tJ WlJ I *

nhIf11rn11w iuioi- q

till iii,i?nu NFE

13

14

15

16

17

18

Q.. I

2 All 9millu-M T4 U' 19,M*1011 11 WJ

)11141flOUUflfl O11 fll'1VJ 0 - 8 iW1ii IL?Ii2flTh'3 1

W 121 1t.O i

., , 2 R1 1i1 ill flTlifflMilltifili flT

fl O1UJ 6 4917 tit) (1) Th1fh1J0 '121 (2)

1I00 + OThTThnJO 121 UIM 611Ti4 5:5 (3) 1L8J + omitnwe

121 itZJ 14 5:5 (4 + IDIMIT n(11JIJJ) + ialmllldajol,

4' I 121 L101 4:1:5 (5) 1

.4 J + 0Th1flT

4' J(JL

.47I JJ) + OTh1

Afl

L1J 121

LJ '1Th 4:1:5 U (6) ilaw.d5fiq + eimi 1114 9:1 IL

- iii 4 ' r fl1)ThO L IW In! 1fl r,4

thinin O1111J14t1 6 fl htN tiU't111Wfl

44J1fiAqq 7t)4-a ,32jlflD gmYl4, 5, 3, 2, It 1 11J1I1J 11JU

1 1lnf3J 1 V4 6 IWTUMU 235, 141, 135,

138, 135 UZIZ 116 IJIIA 1flJ1J

2

0I

fl]L11fl1N meal bettle '4-

4$1jyj 0jfl iii1 JN'9414 fif) 1fl1f)1fl1fT L1o1fl lW1.1flj1fOU y OlfllfYrnfl-3

131 5' 'n Ln4oJ

winu1,-fl,j

fl11n1ti 1 1 4l11LL rii-ii jI 4 0' 0t 4' b151.q 1W) LL1 L4flu &fl111.11).

I,

4- 14 14 01LL$Ufl ( meal worm ) L 1L30tTh

p 9, I 4 9/ I 1 0J H1LYm111fJ '2J1fl 0l

44314 4 4 4'Il5I I 9/ 4 e ijiq i o1J'mw tiw LIJ Lun 1'u1vr11

0' 3011

q

1

5' 0Th11 ThTh

4'

p • p 4.14 5' c 91 C 91U

1l0$ 1.112J11J 110CJ1 fl t L un U011tflUL1J14f L

4- -4 4 4 4 • 0 5' 31 -4 Ulli ijol tLuuJ11141

I -4 31 .4 Ia 91 4 91

]1t0TP11LWJ11J01.4 I 1J]1ffl0I11J1fl LYIYT11hIO 1J1L1W

31 3.1 I 4

(GilUflL1L11.Th 1N 10lowki%48Onm1'1'r1Z1 fl1fl1UtVl1tI1N

3 I II • ' 9.1 0 9) 0 4- 19 I 0 9) 0 d 0 4-

uJ1uJ1LL1.14 04 11.4 1011.11 11JIt04 1m.n3.i1t1n13J11uiU011.flfl(TI1uJ

4314 93) 10 VY .4 -4

LUI41.114 01.1 'flJT1 4 WO, LU)11 fl Ufl1fl1.W11U1J04NI 9.,

.3 49951 .4 51

N.01.4Y1 111]LYJ 01111 fli4 MCI 11 9,

4-

1$UUfl1flJ1Ufl411i 4 1q11 1fl1fTtTh1t1i t1J01111i1I0'41.1)14

14'1101111' 1 ibiih 114014 .J1flfl t i4ou iuthwhini'

1 'MUM $1.t1l8U9i0"hi

2. V 41 .4

dfj 3# VII

'iO4t1 Iii OW

91 413'

3. L0 fl51 03.1

3

fl111i€fl111

y V

m10 in1hom i r?ii mijt&J.nL fli (larva)

9LJi flLLfl1 14fl Tenebrionidae 1 tiff fl InbriQ

molitor meai worm

1H

utijiin Thtii- n in i1u'iu

O1fl1W31flY9flj1 fl tt1 fl1W 11Iflh1 14141I*4O

1 3/a 3/ 4 3? 4 3?

IL1i14OThi 9V]1 Vd ]1IP niniiThini IL L' WW flLLth

1114 314P7 Ltvflluo 6411 iffickman and Guy, 1994)

o 3! 3! I4L 14 4 4 4 It J1JJW3 hi it inittvrnn tu inn

9! 4 fl114 t1irnfU)1irn?flflffl ifli?r4L

IU1t?1l314

t1iLlUrnft)41Thi UYW4iuL1fl 4fl9flJTJU114

• 4. ti ithnn Th L1F3 Lth4Y3L13flO Et1'14 wili

44 9-4LUTMI V

Iio4 u1fl WflflJ fl4 RLJ14 i11fl ifli'OiWl

1unnvi 1 44-1W91 Ili ail I'. V

4 4 I 33 4 U11LtLrifl 11 IJLS1Hi 111 SWtUOU14J1fl

4

c1fl. 1 11O1UtF14t1 ( Meal worm)

Trni *

M 63.23 %

1thh CP 17.37 %

ULiJ14 EE 7.02 %

trib CF 5. 76 %

di Ash 1.29 %

till NFE 5.33 %

p 0.25 %

fi13JLT11 S 0.11 %

Ca 0.02 %

LfliLJ1J Mg 0.07 %

lUILJJ K 0.38 %

l'1IJ3J Na 0.05 %

Mon Fe 48 ppm

iniY - Mn I 7 ppm

Zn 1 57 ppm

* i1piiwii I

VUJ1 : 1110WOU111 (25..)

5

4 1

vJn1uw iin:rne

25 x 40 x 8 cm.

11Ju-wi 500 nm

L1fl'014

I 2. crWITM9164

Q VLs L J8LL2JH meal bettle Th t)flflfliflLtI 1JI1Th 3,511

3.

3.1 OTh1lflPu'JJ 0 - 8 T1ii111 $IflTh1i1O1 iiJuoinituo 121

A As

1d ' fl 4]W t1iU0 i1ttJJl u uJi nhJLt1uN 11W11lNJ

1L1fl41IU1 I 2Jt11UJ V

3.2 OThi 1JLJ4fl IiO UJIJ1J

Ilia O lip tt8UI

o 51 * 3.3 1vflt

51fl L1ZJ)

V V

i1OTh11 fl81JLOTIt1l4OWW flP4F12J 6 fl41J

I J1fl1tLflJflfN121 (1J1) 100

2 + F1111171IMMIA04121 (l3ilJ) 50:50

3 + 6111TILIMIUM04121 (1J) 50:50

4 1190,11 + + 17U 1i11'3 121 2J1JI) 40:10:50

5 11 11 + 811117%A Y) + e*fl t1r11J184 121 (J) 40:10:50

6 + )1111 Th1J1tYfl (111i11rnJ) 90:10

4 4.

4.1 N11i11 Thi'1 tI J1JJ III TL1 1flt1I 20 nii 1 d91 31 31 •' nn11' iti.h, intiitwiio lnt tnnrn umi itij ti'uu

iiijO' Weender et al. 014MIJ 1tU '0J U 1tJIJ (2525)

4.2 4om1It 1luu11Nrn4oJ 4 fl1q-jt1Z 500 flJ

4.3 410-1119AIJI-FAN meal bettle 0fl1tWflLtb13J1 20

I 1 .*3t4 191 3?

4.4 ¶1]U 11flt1flflUJ1 J1U flXlflTh1'.131TJ14OTh1 VflH1J

1J11Y1 i41tLflhLJ1' tiLt

I 91 4.5 UINt) 1OfU1 iJ 11111 Nfl1

914 U1flt1J U 1uI8fl ?l f1Y)Ofl LLi1

1I1MIL1JU Completely randomized design ( '14,J,2513 )

41 fi oiifli

I' V

- 1 .U1f1Ot4

'I ffv) O

Id 43?

7. ninJrnJt 4

1. uui L V

2. fliThifl'utN)fl4e14 tooiq 80 '14

8. nhtfl1rni8Jt

i '0WI1iiIvl 11fli1UUthth

I 11 MYTh Duncan s new multiple range test.

9. it V • V

80 u iiic't 11 JA1141014 fl,1 30 ff 4111flIJ 2539

6

7

d 11M14 3 044 Eommn4uun 6

O qql 2 5 IL114

fTh f1 1th14 14 l+)5'Aff'W u lJ314 13 14 OTh1ti 1 3JthJ1U

1thi4 LI l'LJ'U IJJ 16 Llidt 7 64 011419TIJ II OTh1 6 thJ11II

o 4 L LL lJ2i'. tiiu 13 18 Lt'1u i13Jfl

-1J it 1i,tiii.ni 2.

u 4, 5 Wit. 6 11rn41vu14o,4

IiniiOiIJtWThJ (P<0.05) 011J1O 4017 2 ILI 3

1' v 3S 4 4 5

wTh1 n 111 1 U11LJJI I1J1J114

'vp-tffloTh_r vilj 1011115qMIA 6 149TV1 118fflflfl14 1flil1tL)1)1J'Wfl4

2 tij 3 ii oiwri 4 iiJ 5

UTh1 LflP11J ii iOJUJ1flhJWO1Jl 11t111llYfl 1 uu. flhJO111 13J1'4

N08Th11t11ifl1 yv1JT1 11 WJJ1fl1J4 L11 11814

(P>O.O5 ii 11 3

.7

C

* C

C C 0 0 0 q Vp 'r r-

00 00 00 PONP0 P0

'0 0 00 0 0 N

;d P0 —

00 0 N C C 0 0,

S 0 0' N N 'C

' C) 00 %rp N 0' C' — N

0, ITS '0 N N C) '0 10 10 0 If' 00 C, N 'C — — — — _—I — cD 0' 0 0' 0

ON

3 If'p

It) CC It) t_• tt-.

P — P- -. r C

+ +

I C r' '— — + + + ± +

C b C 4

I)

Royal Forest DiepartmentLjbr

111i 3 liffilallill , IllmlInmulau 11 U1ii1 fliNJ1fl t1

1 flL1flJ

nnnim i.iniuou 'I U411

(IJ1fl/flfl) (fli1i/flflO1Ifl5) (tiflh/ flfl.flUffI4)

ififl 45 0

5

Il almildliq 8 34.00 235.29

2 5:5 6.5 46.00 141.30

3 +1Hil(itW1 5:5 6.5 48.00 135.42

14 i+ ml 1ifl+Ol11i5Th( 'bJ,J) 4:1:5 10.5 76.00 138.16

5 1+1i flT+Thl5lflhJ 4:1:5 10.5 77.50 135.48

6 9:1 9 77.50 116.13

10

111141it1 111flU1fl

ciu l O1fl1 flOO1H1flTh0 mm i

Nfl1Wfl414 NU1fllflfl8Th1 1JflL0rjflhJ

O1,fl1a0 ll1111)WI4fl 1fl4 Li JJIflJ0111 1 1 953J • •q 9. J iu L1nnh1om1jQtw1 niiini ma oil -AA aaAl"IT14 u

41fli4W1 11umit I'd till 1YJ10

JLW141

mi

Mil 0111171M 6

* nh Il Y

8i3 1 tON fllJtil un L.V1UJ

ULL1Jfl1W1O fl1U11t41i Ifi,111i AID • •

knu, n1wn1Lo111 (FCR) ui nh 114oiW

11fl th no ijoiwvfh '

iii nuirnn1ii

11

V

Wiil 6q iIJUi . 2513. . : iIVUJVrhW

- cJ14

I J IL

IJUfl JYfY 25.. . LOflYThfl14

4

LJfl . (R.) 215 . OtiI JY1111

tTht l ui.

wm 1jQ1ff73j . 2525. n11i1l1?u1w1J1'tfl1

litmilija111151wili Weender Analysis. fl1flfl VqJIMI flU31U1

i11flJ1hfl.i.

Hickman M. and M. Guy . 1994. Care of the Wild Feathered and Furred . A Guide

to Wildlife Handling and Care. Guernsey Press. Island.

ft

aoyal ForestDepanment I4 12

rnflNUlfl

V 4

c111ncw11nfrn 1 u iowv [1flfl1O

11fl131fl1

1 2 3 4 --_________________

1 o111IfiuI 12 10 19 27

2 71 + 6111171d (lthJ) 5:5 30 11 31 20

3 il + OTh11fi1J1 5:5 21 27 19 29

4 111 - OTh1fl) + O1}111r1i1i)4:1:5 36 35 36 45

5 il + -- O1Wif1fi1J 4:1:5 24 48 43 40

6 il +OTh1rTh9:1 31 46 i 43 35

4 i

ce I I

0111fl1F141flffl1 2 flh114'WiIth V lv .

11140l414flYl 1flflTJttW W1111'

• AOV d.f. SS MS F Pr > F

Total 23 2955.958

Treatmeant 5 1711.708 342.342 4.95 0.005

Error 18 1 1244.250 69.125

13

a V

1. H'flfl1

1Th1 lilt) lit UflI 11 103° IV.

2.

2.1 0ThYIff11J1J 14 4 1U°rI

2.2

2.3 O1J

2.4 It1TflJ14

3. ..Thn1.

0

103 'ii. i14u1rn1flfl (thJ1tu 4 ¶ThJ'4) UW

q ml 1 LIIWU P4 LW)11J1U ttW3141J1194

5 flf2J iflh1 U12 1030 .

MAIW-UNU 4 4112J it rhni'ii i1ii

clii tflilj'1fl4 L 45 %.flYI ¶1fl)flfl4

4. fl11ThtU

, I

* tflctfl1 + 11li11OWtfll 25.0000 Ithi

nidin1 + 24.0000 nJ

1iJLlJW11 20.0000 IIfI.J

u1iiW1flezJ1O1ii1J 5.0000 flflJ

itLti1 4.0000 nJ

IT % Wqltml = (4,0000/5.0000) x 100 = 80%

14

I

01R1Uh1 crude protein

1. irififlul

iimiu crude protein I14101"1 iiU14 )1nhJm1tu bh4 1917 L1: Ili iJ

Kjeldahl I *uh.emi nOJ11n.4

fllULL1Ol2JtU%L t2itJirnJ14 1' idi8ti L'I Iii U11fltfl4

I1Lflk8UflJ1 III fl1J191Th Il11 JflI 1YlO

2.

2.1 Digestion apparatus

2.2 Distillation apparatus

2.3 Titration apparatus

CA

3. CrIlIFIN

3.1 cone. H2SO4 97 - 98 %

3.2 Selenium mixture

3.3 30% NaOH

3.4 4% Boric acid

3.5 mix indicator

3.6 0.25 N MCI a

4 4. Thfl1

O)14OTh11J1U I tltO1LP41 1V bumping stone 2 t

Selenium mixture thiiw 1 4UWI11 1t1t1i sulfuric 15 2J. y y

y 10 JIn.I1vr ifl 111 1W'V Ij1iitiu

V V •

I11I1ith2J1tU 20 2J. 1fl4Wfl1flTQ

1fl1U 1910Ifl

Buchi IJiJ condenser 21I4 beaker fini boric 4 % 50 U1. ui

mix indicator 2 - 3 1U 30% NaOH 11ThO thiiitu 50 2J1.

5 '.11 lii beaker O11 tL11i1i11L 3JO MCi 0.25 N

'4ti4r)t11

p

Royal Forest Department Libw 15

5. nilfimigu 1 31

% N lu itu = ( 2J. TMAIMIA x 0.35 ) /

% crude protein 111591qU1 = %N x 6.25

U1 niriniimitJirnt'u lm

1. ThflflT

isi 214 Y1U1 tfltfi 111tI?J1f,U 1J1 1tfl IU Diethyl ether. Petrolium

ether Dichioromethane fl1flYt n1n 3t1Lt1M Pigment , organic

acid • wax , sterine I1J1W3'fl-

2. flWUJ 41

Dichioromethane

3.

3.1 Soxlet apparatus

3.2 Fat extraction thimble

3.3 Drying oven

4. Thn1

iiomiiitiitu 3 - 5 fl 1dN1tL extraction thimble flW)tJtfl

I 314, I1' I Y1OLJ1flhJ condenser

%1WUfl1mflflflJ12J bumping stone 2 MIA II 4J etr1J'fl 10501b. 1Th4

rtn 2 In 'ILMI

IhJ Dichioromethane 1TuIUnItJ thuiu 3/4 j- I1J1flhJLf)fl1

t1i hot plate flaw&Ml 6 - 8 4113J'3 fl flGltUOt11)1fl thimble

101 thimble OOfl II '1fl wio'1iiu Dichioromethane IUflJ

d 9133 4 I I 4 I 93 4

11J1J1 iThruJ i ¶I910 '1t100 ntnii lJ

nIi 1 flU LlWU1hi01fl 100 'lLthJ1t11 2 ¶111J4 UW11IU14lU -• y

111l14 IL '1951tLLi1

• U 1W4flI I1YI 11flfl1UP10

16

5. ni1iiwtu .tq . llJ2JIfwItth4 % vm tLTh = rnniin Ln I Ui 40 tU1i ) x 100

.' • -

1. 11'nfli

V d

Uli3 1UW)131 L81Jt1t1Th1.1 U14 iinoiinti cellulose L4f1

110O1JJO1OU1 1i14 lignin , pentosan , hemicellulose , cutin , pectin aluglu

2. 11LR

2.1 12.5% H2SO4

2.2 12.5% KOH

2.3 acetone

2.4 0.5 n HCl

3. f1Jn

3.1 Crude fiber apparatus

3.2 asbestos

3.3 fl7'11jTW110f11j Suction pump

3.4 ri.iflO

3.5 percelain crucible

3.6 LfltPfl

4 4. inh1

98d14111i11fl ' 3 FfJ WAR beaker 'iUi1 600 3A. IlJfl

1J1 12.5 % $ ti 50 liti. i ii iiwii 200

4 c 4 I1W14 aic 1lh4t11 10 U1YI

4 ¶U1t1Th90'fl1N 1IJIO1 asbestos 2 0U 1JWU1tU IYINTh

Suction pump YL1L

V V V . 11)U L13JI1ifl beaker W)tJ14iOU OOUNUtY) I ILf4YfVE) t

4 •3 3' :3' 3' i14114 beaker i! f11t)fl iW1tJ14i t)U iii LLfl Li LU1tJ

17

I2J14 KOH 12.5 % ii,11U,beaker 50 3J1i. i iuiiiiii, 200 JZU1b!1J

iii.uin 10 1411-1~Oln1414 flivm4lunILfl4T1SflhJ asbestos 1,11 M IJ IMi W1flflhJ'UU

ILf1

14t11 - Th31 200 Tja.11fl 11i acetone OflL1ffl1400

W) sample Ito 111J + sample

e t'1I1)1Ji1

4 103• 9$. flil3rWl 12 ¶Lu n4 ThJ1uflTw%11 ¶.fl4ThUfl 1L1i1P4Th4

4

11N11U'IiJJ 550o 9$. Iit4ll11 12 ¶)12J. IW1-1 ¶1fl)flfl3

5. fl11U)u

• I'

3 nirni titfl4 90% = iii nitin 2.7000 niii

D IV + mo fl014IN1 80.3000 fliJ

t1J + 0111 11IP11 80.0300 Ithi

flIlM 0.2700 flfJ

% = (0.2700/2.7000) x 100 = 10 %

V 41 flhIfl111U1UiOLle14ffitJ 2It

1. 11 •nn1

qLn (dry matter , lTh1Jfl)1J1O TNIA104 IOU1170wq IL

OJ1t 1h1OUW1 tU4 11i1NTh*tlflffJ)J 550

0 i 4 a ± 5

0 9$. oil III 1Jo1uJiii n1 h.11uo14 1n'Ic

a d ?o& d ad 4 till no unl iou11 jm rniimnuiiJ

a do. 0 I I 0 W Q • 0' 0 0' Il 1j1u4t)w tl11fYflfltU

2.

2.1 muffle fumance

2.2 percelain crucible

2.3 desicator

18

3. mrn- o

U1flflh1JOtflJ ( porcelain crucible ) N1l14WI11PfltI1Th VH1LJ1IIW]U4

• 1J1Gcu_nh1Jn l ivimithiitu 3 t13J u1 I1iIN11J9I::1flV.fh4

• 550 ± 5° 9L hwithntu 12 50

'flI2J4 110 1J1ThTh1W1411. f1fl2Jfl4 Th14fl8flflflJ

4. nmiint'u 0J I

10.0000 0Th

tno + cioh (1ouI.N1) 13.5000 n

0,10 + MI 10.3500 fn 31 0'

I" 11n Ab f) 6 14 3.5000 0i3J

ffil 0.3500 flq1J

= 3.5000 x 90 /100 = 3.1500 Iif,J

uiuntniinii. % 1tLfl14 = 0.3500/3.1500 x 100 = 11.11 %

rnwuniiTh,nti Nitrogen - free extractive (NEE) of

i. I1nfl1 I,

flt(ThOfYfl2Jh t] 1th1 LOOri II111fl'14 000110 100% TfTWM

nitrogen - free - extractive (% NFE)

2. fl1iiW1th

%NFE = %i %W1tII3 - % '1 - %1th1 - %iijTw - Fj

1171) NFE ( % of dry matter) = 100 - %tt11 - %1th4 - %1i114 - %010 (DM

basis )

I