EITM .

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https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Leitmotifs

1 It is closely related to the musical concepts of idée fixe or motto-

theme.Kennedy (1987), 366 The term itself is an anglicization of the

German language|German Leitmotiv, literally meaning leading motif, or perhaps more accurately, guiding

motif


Leitmotifs

1 In particular, such a motif should be clearly identified so as to retain its identity if modified

on subsequent appearances whether such modification be in terms of rhythm, harmony,

orchestration or accompaniment. It may also be combined with other leitmotifs to suggest a new

dramatic condition or development.Warrack (1995) The technique is notably associated with the operas of Richard Wagner, although he was not its originator and did not employ the word in

connection with his work.


Leitmotifs

1 Although usually a short melody, it can also be a chord (music)|chord Chord progression|progression or

even a simple rhythm. Leitmotifs can help to bind a work together into a

coherent whole, and also enable the composer to relate a story without

the use of words, or to add an extra level to an already present story.


Leitmotifs

1 Such usage typically obscures the crucial aspect of a leitmotif—as

opposed to the plain musical motif or theme—that it is transformable and recurs in different guises throughout

the piece in which it occurs.


Leitmotifs - Early instances in classical music

1 Sammael in Der Freischütz is coupled with the chord (music)|chord of a

diminished seventh).Kennedy (1987), 366 Indeed, the first use of the word

leitmotif in print was by the critic Friedrich Wilhelm Jähns in describing Weber's work, although this was not

until 1871.Warrack (1995)


Leitmotifs - Early instances in classical music

1 Motives also figured occasionally in purely instrumental music of the romanticism|romantic period. The related idea of the

musical idée fixe was coined by Hector Berlioz in reference to his Symphonie fantastique

(1830). This purely instrumental, programmatic work (subtitled Episode in the Life of an Artist) features a recurring melody

representing the object of the artist's obsessive affection and depicting her presence

in various real and imagined situations.


Leitmotifs - Wagner

1 Wagner had raised the issue of how music could best unite disparate elements of the plot of a music

drama in his essay Opera and Drama (1851); the leitmotif technique

corresponds to this ideal.Burbidge and Sutton, (1979), pp.345–6


Leitmotifs - Wagner

1 Some controversy surrounded the use of the word in Wagner's own circle: Wagner

never authorised the use of the word leitmotiv, using words such as Grundthema (basic idea), or simply Motiv. His preferred

name for the technique was Hauptmotiv (principal motif), which he first used in

1877;Kennedy (1987), Leitmotiv the only time he used the word Leitmotiv, he

referred to so-called Leitmotivs.


Leitmotifs - Wagner

1 The practice of naming leitmotifs nevertheless continued, featuring in

the work of prominent Wagnerian critics Ernest Newman, Deryck Cooke

and Robert Donington.See e.g


Leitmotifs - Wagner

1 The resulting lists of leitmotifs also attracted the ridicule of anti-

Wagnerian critics and composers (such as Eduard Hanslick, Claude

Debussy, and Igor Stravinsky). They identified the motif with Wagner's

own approach to composing, mocking the impression of a musical

address book or list of cloakroom numbers it created.Rehding (2007),

348https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Leitmotifs - After Wagner

1 Alban Berg's opera Wozzeck (1914–1922) also utilises leitmotifs.New Grove Dictionary,

Leitmotif


Leitmotifs - Critique of the leitmotif concept

1 He notes that 'even in Wagner's own day the public made a crude link between the leitmotivs and the

persons they characterised' because people's innate mental processes did

not necessarily correspond with Wagner's subtle intentions or

optimistic expectations


Leitmotifs - Critique of the leitmotif concept

1 The degeneration of the leitmotiv is implicit in this... it leads directly to film music|cinema music where the sole function of the leitmotiv is to

announce heroes or situations so as to allow the audience to orient itself more easily.Adorno (205), pp.34–36


Leitmotifs - Film music

1 A more modern example is the Star Wars series, in which composer John Williams uses

a large number of themes specifically associated with people and concepts (for

example, a particular motif attaches to the presence of Darth Vader and another to the

idea of the Force).[http://academic.depauw.edu/aevans_

web/HONR101-02/WebPages/Spring2006/Rooney%28Jessica%29/starwarsleitmotif.htm Rooney, Jessica Use of Leitmotif in Star Wars]


Leitmotifs - Film music

1 Recent film scores using the leitmotif style of composition include Scott

Glasgow's music to Chasing Ghosts (Crime noir film for Sony Pictures)

and Robotech: The Shadow Chronicles with a full page analysis of

themes. http://www.scottglasgowmusic.com/R

TSC_Analysis.htm (leitmotive analysis

[http://www.scottglasgowmusic.com/RTSC_Analysis.htm]


Leitmotifs - Literature and drama

1 Leitmotif is sometimes used by literary or dramatic critics to refer to a recurring event, image, object or character in a story, poem, film or play. Leitmotifs (or motifs) become significant to the meaning of the overall work when they develop

thematic importance. In film, such a motif is most frequently a plot

device, image, character trait, or element of the mise en scène.


Leitmotifs - Literature and drama

1 Leitmotif-like techniques, with word patterns replacing melodies, are said to be used in Ulysses (novel)|Ulysses

by James Joyce. Leitmotifs is also said to be present in Joyce's A

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man; and also in the works of Samuel

Beckett, Virginia Woolf, Kurt Vonnegut, Joseph Heller, Thomas Mann, Chuck Palahniuk, and Julian

Barnes.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Enterprise IT Management - EITM architecture and components

1 EITM promotes that only with critical insights into IT services can IT organizations truly optimize

capabilities across three key areas:



1 'IT Governance' - providing comprehensive service cost, quality and risk information so that the IT investment portfolio is balanced according to business strategy.



1 'Business Service Management' – relating detailed IT infrastructure configurations and performance

metrics to business services so that operational activities are prioritized according to business impact and

continuity is maintained.



1 'Security Management' - associating identities and security access rights

to IT services in order to mitigate business risk and meet compliance

and auditing requirements.


Emma Goldman - Reitman, essays, and birth control

1 For the next ten years, Goldman traveled around the country nonstop, delivering lectures and agitating for

anarchism



1 He and Goldman began an affair; they shared a commitment to free love, but whereas Reitman took a variety of lovers, Goldman did not



1 Two years later, Goldman began feeling frustrated with

lecture audiences



1 Although they later split from Sanger over charges of insufficient support, Goldman and Reitman distributed

copies of Sanger's pamphlet Family Limitation (along with a similar essay

of Reitman's)


Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer - O'Brien-Weitman

1 Weitman moved over to Columbia in 1967 and O'Brien was forced to resign a few years

later.


Der Ring des Nibelungen - Leitmotifs

1 As a significant element in the Ring and his subsequent works, Wagner adopted the use

of leitmotifs


MGM - O'Brien-Weitman

1 Weitman moved over to Columbia in 1967 and O'Brien was forced to resign a few years

later.


Leitmotif - Film music

1 A more modern example is the Star Wars series, in which composer John

Williams uses a large number of themes specifically associated with

people and concepts (for example, a particular motif attaches to the

presence of Darth Vader and another to the idea of the

Force).[http://academic.depauw.edu/aevans_web/HONR101-02/WebPages/Spring2006/Rooney%28Jessica%29/

starwarsleitmotif.htm Rooney, Jessica Use of Leitmotif in Star Wars]



1 Another notable example would be for the Chinese hero Wong Fei-hung; while there are three songs that are known to be associated with him, likely the most notable would be A

Man Should Better Himself by George Lam which was first played during

the Once Upon A Time in China series starring Jet Li.



1 In the film trilogy Lord of the Rings the dramatic orchestral score has hundreds of Leitmotifs recurring

throughout.


Leitmotif - Literature and drama

1 Leitmotif-like techniques, with word patterns replacing melodies, are said to be used in Ulysses (novel)|Ulysses by James Joyce. Leitmotifs are also

said to be present in Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man,

as well as in the works of Samuel Beckett, Virginia Woolf, Kurt

Vonnegut, Joseph Heller, Thomas Mann, Chuck Palahniuk, and Julian

Barnes, among several other writers.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Ivan Reitman

1 'Ivan Reitman', Order of Canada|OC (born October 27, 1946) is a

Czechoslovakian-born Canadian film producer and director, best known for his comedy work, especially in

the 1980s and 1990s. He is the owner of The Montecito Picture

Company, founded in 2000.


Ivan Reitman - Early life

1 Reitman attended Oakwood Collegiate Institute|Oakwood

Collegiate in Toronto and was a member of the Twintone Four singing

group.


Ivan Reitman - Early life

1 Reitman attended McMaster University, receiving a Bachelor's of

Music in 1969. At McMaster he produced and directed many short

films.


Ivan Reitman - Career

1 Reitman's first producing job was with the then-new station CITY-TV in Toronto. CITY was also the home of the first announcing job of his later

friend and collaborator Dan Aykroyd. However, Reitman's tenure at CITY

was short and he was fired during his first year by station owner Moses

Znaimer.



1 In Toronto, he produced the stage production Spellbound (1973) which evolved into Broadway production

The Magic Show.



1 Reitman's first commercial film ventures were as producer of two

films for director David Cronenberg, Shivers (film)|Shivers/They Came from Within/The Parasite Murders

(1974) and Rabid (1976)



1 In the early 1990s, Reitman began to direct fewer films, but increased his

role as a producer and executive producer through his company,

Northern Lights Entertainment.Britton, Bonnie



1 Reitman is a founder of the McMaster Film Board at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. In 2007, Reitman was inducted into Canada's Walk of

Fame.[http://www.canadaswalkoffame.com/inductees/01_ivan_reitman.xm

l.htm Canada's Walk of Fame: Ivan Reitman] Reitman founded The

Montecito Picture Company, a film production company located just

south of Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara, founded in 2000.



1 Later, Reitman had planned to direct the erotic thriller Chloe (film)|Chloe (2009), but he couldn't attract the

cast he wanted; so Reitman decided to only serve as a producer and asked Atom Egoyan to direct the

film.http://thewriterlylife.blogspot.hk/2010/03/atom-egoyan.html Chloe

had since enjoyed commercial success and became Egoyan's

biggest moneymaker ever.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 Reitman was also the producer of Howard Stern's film Private Parts (1997 film)|Private

Parts.



1 He co-produced the biographical Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock, released on November 23,

2012.


Ivan Reitman - Personal life

1 Reitman's wife is a Conversion to Judaism|convert to

Judaism.[http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/99662212.html?

dids=99662212:99662212FMT=ABSFMTS=ABS:FTdate=Apr+04%2C+1991author=Pearl+Sheffy+Gefenpub=Jerusalem+Postdesc=HOLLYWOODBUSTERpqatl=google He and

his French-Canadian wife, who converted to Judaism, are bringing up their children in the

same tradition.]https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Ivan Reitman - Personal life

1 In 2009, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada for his

contributions as a director and producer, and for his promotion of the Canadian film and television

industries.


Ivan Reitman - Recurring cast members

1 1 Schwarzenegger's appearance is a cameo as himself when he was

chairman of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.


Parsifal - Leitmotifs in Parsifal

1 Wagner did not specifically identify or name leitmotifs in the score of

Parsifal (any more than he did in any other of his scores), although his

wife Cosima mentions statements he made about some of them in her

diary.Thorau (2009) pages 136-139 However, Wagner's followers

(notably Hans von Wolzogen whose guide to Parsifal was published in

1882) named, wrote about and made references to these motifs, and they

were highlighted in piano arrangements of the score.Cosima

Wagner's diaries, tr


Parsifal - Leitmotifs in Parsifal

1 Other characters, especially Klingsor, Amfortas, and The Voice, which sings the so-called Tormotif (Fool's motive), have their own particular leitmotifs


Jason Reitman

1 He is the son of director Ivan Reitman.


Jason Reitman - Early life

1 Reitman was born in Montreal, Quebec|Montreal, Quebec, Canada,

the son of Geneviève Robert, an actress sometimes billed as

Geneviève Deloir, and comedy director Ivan Reitman. Reitman has

two younger sisters, Catherine Reitman|Catherine, an actress who is three years younger than him, and Caroline, a nurse who is 12 years

younger than he.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 Reitman's father was born in Czechoslovakia, to Jewish parents

who were Holocaust survivors. Reitman's paternal grandfather ran a

dry cleaner and then a car wash.



1 His mother is from a Christian background, and of French-Canadian descent; she Conversion to Judaism|

converted to Judaism.[http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com

/jpost/access/99662212.html?dids=99662212:99662212FMT=ABSFMTS=ABS:FTdate=Apr+04%2C+1991author=Pearl+Sheffy+Gefenpub=Jerusalem+Postdesc=HOLLYWOODBUSTERpqatl=google He and his French-

Canadian wife, who converted to Judaism, are bringing up their

children in the same tradition.] When he was still a child, his family moved

to Los Angeles.



1 His father, Ivan, directed the successful films Ghostbusters,

Stripes (film)|Stripes, and Kindergarten Cop. Reitman said he has photos of himself as a baby on

the set of Animal House. He grew up on set: If it was the summer he was [on set] every day. If it was during the school year, like Ghostbusters. Reitman said, he would go to New York and spend a week there. This

showed him that making movies is a job that people do, that it's not just this piece of magic that happens.



1 Jason described his childhood self as a loser... a movie geek... [and] shy. In

the late 1980s, Reitman began appearing in small acting parts and serving as a production assistant on his father's films. He spent time in

the editing rooms of his father's movies, learning the process.



1 Reitman graduated from Harvard-Westlake School in 1995; Reitman

was a High Jump|high jumper in high school.From the Commentary to Juno. Reitman states that the High-Jumper

is a call out to his days as a High-Jumper.



1 Reitman attended Skidmore College and was going to major in Pre-

medical|pre-med studies before transferring to the University of Southern California to major in

English/Creative Writing. At USC he performed with improv group

Commedus Interruptus.



1 Reitman said he was very aware of growing up really really lucky


Jason Reitman - Film career

1 Reitman started out making short films during his time at USC.

Throughout his 20s, instead of accepting offers to make commercial feature films, Reitman began making

his own short films and directing commercials. Although he was

offered the opportunity to direct Dude, Where's My Car? on two

separate occasions, he declined.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 After the success of Thank You for Smoking, Reitman mentioned in an

interview that his next film would be adapting another book (a white collar

satire) into a film



1 [http://www.jewreview.net/article.php?id=1336 EXCLUSIVE:

Jason Reitman Talks Juno and Ghostbusters], Jew Review, 2007



1 Reitman met Wilson on the set of his father's film My Super Ex-Girlfriend,

in which Wilson had a supporting role



1 In 2009, Reitman left Hard C to form Right of Way Films.



1 Jason Reitman then developed his own screenplay, incorporating some

of the elements from the Griffins' script that had (unbeknownst to Reitman) originated with Turner



1 Reitman initially attempted to claim sole credit for writing the film, and later admitted to being confused

when the Writers Guild of America ruled that he should share credit with Turner. He and Turner later appeared at a WGA event where both said they were happy to share credit now that the course of events, and Turner's

contribution to the final product, had been made clear.



1 Sheldon Turner and Reitman's Up in the Air screenplay won the Golden Globe Award for best screenplay in

2010.



1 Reitman also executively produced the erotic thriller Chloe (film)|Chloe, theatrically

released by Sony Pictures Classics on March 26, 2010.http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?

page=weekendid=chloe.htm Reitman helped persuade Amanda Seyfried to star in the

film.http://www.screendaily.com/reports/interviews/the-great-entertainer/5006120.article The film had enjoyed commercial success

and became director Atom Egoyan's biggest moneymaker ever.


Jason Reitman - Other work

1 Before his feature film career began, Jason Reitman wrote and directed six short films. He financed his first short film, Operation, with money he made by selling ads in desk calendars. The film premiered at the Sundance Film

Festival in 1998.[http://www.theadvocates.org/celebrities/jason-reitman.html Jason Reitman - Libertarian], Advocates of Self Government, 2006. Retrieved on

January 10, 2008.



1 Stern, a friend of Ivan Reitman, also revealed that he had seen Jason's

early short films and was impressed enough to offer him the opportunity

to direct an episode of Son of the Beach (a TV series he produced, a goofy parody of Baywatch), which Jason declined, citing that he was busy obtaining financing for Thank

You for Smoking (film)|Thank You for Smoking at the time.



1 Reitman also directed a three-part pretaped sketch for the NBC show

Saturday Night Live called Death By Chocolate, about a walking candy bar

(played by episode host Ashton Kutcher) who murders people

(stabbing a homeless man, shooting a doctor, cutting off a life support machine on a coma victim, and

slicing Andy Samberg [dressed as a lumberjack] with a chainsaw).


Jason Reitman - Personal life

1 When Reitman was 16 and still in high school he moved in with a

woman 10 years his senior. They were together for 7 years until they

separated.


Jason Reitman - Personal life

1 In 2000, when he was 23, Reitman met and fell in love with his next

door neighbor, eventually marrying writer Michele Lee, with whom he co-

wrote the 2004 comedic short Consent. They have one child, a

daughter named Josie, born in 2006. After being together 10 years,

Reitman filed for divorce from his wife in June 2011 and stated he was

divorced as of 2014.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

A View to a Kill (soundtrack) - Leitmotifs

1 Composer John Barry utilizes four leitmotifs on the soundtrack, that recurs in two or more of the tracks

listed. One is pinned the theme songs by Duran Duran, one is pinned

to henchwoman May Day, one is pinned to the action set-pieces and

one appears more generally throughout the film.


A View to a Kill (soundtrack) - Leitmotifs

1 * 6. “Tibbett Gets Washed Out”


Joseph D. Reitman

1 'Joseph D. Reitman' (born May 25, 1968) is an United States|American actor, film producer, film director,

and writer.


Joseph D. Reitman - Early life and career

1 A couple of notable film credits are The Perfect Storm (film)|The Perfect Storm and Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back.[http://www.pokernews.com/ne

ws/2006/1/reitman-duke-poker-pair.htm Joe Reitman and Annie

Duke: Poker's Winning Pair | Poker News] Reitman wrote a story for

Marvel Comics' Spider-Man Unlimited # 14 titled S.C.U.D.S published in

Spring 2006.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Joseph D. Reitman - Personal life

1 In 2002, Reitman married longtime girlfriend and fiancée, actress

Shannon Elizabeth. Their wedding was said to have been a small

beachfront ceremony, which took place at Hotelito Desconocido, a resort south of Puerto Vallarta.

[http://www.imdb.com/news/wenn/2002-06-21#celeb4 Movie TV News @ IMDb.com - WENN - 21 June 2002] In March 2005, the couple announced

their separation.[http://www.imdb.com/news/wenn/2006-03-17#celeb3 Movie TV News @ IMDb.com - WENN - 17

March 2006]



1 After the separation from Elizabeth, Reitman entered a relationship with

professional poker player Annie Duke.



1 On December 25, 2010 according to Twitter, Duke and Reitman

announced their engagement. They then split in May of 2012.


Joseph D. Reitman - Career as poker player

1 Joe has played at the World Series of Poker twice and won

UltimateBet.com's $1 Million Guaranteed Tournament. He has also

played in numerous charity tournaments.


Joseph D. Reitman - Actor

1 *Blue Heat: The Case of the Cover Girl Murders

(1997)


Joseph D. Reitman - Actor

1 *Total Security (1997)


Joseph D. Reitman - Producer

1 *Annie Duke Takes on the World (2006)


Nathaniel Kleitman

1 'Nathaniel Kleitman ' (April 26, 1895 Kishinev ndash; August 13,

1999 Los Angeles) was a physiologist and sleep researcher who served as Professor Emeritus in Physiology at

the University of Chicago. He is recognized as the father of modern sleep research, and is the author of the seminal 1939 book Sleep and

Wakefulness.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Nathaniel Kleitman - Early life

1 An early sponsor of Kleitman's sleep research was the Wander Company, which manufactured Ovaltine and

hoped to promote it as a remedy for insomnia.


Nathaniel Kleitman - REM sleep

1 Another of Kleitman's graduate students, William C


Nathaniel Kleitman - Rest activity cycle

1 Kleitman proposed the existence of a Basic rest activity cycle, or BRAC,

during both sleep and wakefulness.Kleitman, N., Sleep and

Wakefulness, 1963, Reprint 1987: ISBN 9780226440736Kleitman, N., Basic rest-activity cycle—22 years later, Journal of Sleep Research

Sleep Medicine, Vol 5(4), Dec 1982, 311-317


Nathaniel Kleitman - Other experiments

1 Renowned for his personal and experimental rigor, he conducted

well-known sleep studies underground in Mammoth Cave National Park|Mammoth Cave,

Kentucky and lesser-known studies underwater in submarines during WWII and above the Arctic Circle.


Catherine Reitman - Early life

1 Reitman was born in Los Angeles, California,[http://www.familytreelege

nds.com/records/calbirths?c=searchfirst=Catherinelast=Reitmanspelling=Exact4_year=4_month=04_day=05=7=SubmitSearch.x=0Sub

mitSearch.y=0 California Birth Index] the daughter of French-Canadian

actress Geneviève Robert and Jewish film director Ivan Reitman


Catherine Reitman - Career

1 Reitman starred in the television series The Real Wedding Crashers, based on the hit movie Wedding

Crashers. She appeared in the films Knocked Up (2007) and I Love You, Man (2009). She has also had roles on the series Hollywood Residential,

It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, How I Met Your Mother, and Weeds

(TV series)|Weeds.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Catherine Reitman - Career

1 In January 2011, Reitman launched Breakin’ It Down with Catherine

Reitman, a film review Web television|web show on YouTube,

which ended in July 2013. She occasionally fills in for Kevin Smith as a guest co-host with Ralph Garman on their podcast, Hollywood Babble-

On.


For More Information, Visit:

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