EIS 154 Vol 5 IsIIsJ!Ms] Soils and vegetation along the ...

EIS 154 Vol 5

IsIIsJ!Ms]

Soils and vegetation along the Moomba-Sydney natural gas

pipeline in NSW

SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE OF N.S.W.

SOILS AND VEGETATION OF THE MOOMBA - SYDNEY

NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

Section 5 Wagga Wagga to Young

by

P.J. BARKER

S0.L

Ar r/

BOcFof7zM /

/ LARY L)

,2'O 185

ISBN 0-7305-0991-5

C ( NT NT S

Page

INTRODUCTION 1

METHODS 1

CLIMATE 4

SOIL PROFILES 1-30 5

LABORATORY ANALYSES, PROFILES 1-30 69

REFERENCES

76

APPENDIX - GLOSSARY OF TERMS 78

so

INTRODUCTION

The excavation of the natural gas pipeline

trench from Wagga Wagga to Young provided an opportunity

to describe some soils in the Riverina Soil Conservation

Region.

The route followed by the gas pipeline is shown

overleaf. The trench for the pipeline was approximately

120 cm deep and 60 cm wide. Excavation of the trench

was by mechanised endless diggers.

Reconnaissance soil surveys at a scale of

1:250 000 have been produced for the area between Wagga

Wagga and Young by Beattie (1972) and Crouch (1981a and

1981b). Data provided by this study will be used to

supplement soil profile descriptions contained in the

above surveys and to provide more information on the

range of soils in certain mapping units. In addition,

the data on soil physical properties presented in this

study, which has not previously been available, will

allow certain mapping units to be more fully characterised.

METHODS

Soil sampling began near Wagga Wagga in

December, 1980 and concluded near Young in May, 1981.

Asit was not practical to examine soils at regular

intervals, soils were described at selected sites

located within the soil map units of previous surveys,

as shown in Table 1

At each sampling site the location, site description

and soil profile were described using the Soil Data

Card Handbook (Morse et al., 1982). Where topsoil

had been removed above the trench, topsoil was described

and sampled on undisturbed ground nearby.

Young

-I---

C. C/~

Coot a mu nd ra

reld4 ,

7 WAGGA WAGGA

20 10 0 20 40 60 80 100 Kilometres - KiIometjes

GI'4

S.C.S. 17888

-3-

Each profile was classified according to

Factual Key for the Recognition of Australian Soils

(Northcote, 1979). In addition, the related Great Soil

Group from A Handbook of Australian Soils (Stace et al.,

1968) was listed.

Samples were collected from each morphological

layer to assess physical properties. Laboratory analysis

consisted of tests for soil dispersibility, Atterberg

limits, grading analysis and linear shrinkage (see

Appendix ) . Results of these tests are presented in

Table 2.

A total of 30 profiles were described and 126

samples were collected for laboratory analysis.

Table 1. Map Units of Previous Soil Surveys Sampled

in this Study.

Profile Number Soil Map Unit Reference

1, 2, 3, 5, 9

Red earth

Seattle (1972)

4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, Red podzolic

12, 13

14, 15, 16, 18,

17, 20

21

22

23, 24, 25, 26

19 Red podzolic

Yellow podzolic

Red-brown earth

Euc hrozem

Red and yellow earths

Grouch 1981a)

27, 28, 29, 30 Red and yellow podzolic Crouch (1981b)

_4_

CLIMATE

flainfaiLl data for each sampling site has been

obtained from isohyets of median annual rainfall (Anon,

1973 and Johnston, 1981a and 1981b).

A general description of the climate between

Wagga Wagga and Young is given by Edwards (1979).

Briefly, median annual rainfall varies from 542 mm at

Wagga Wagga to 649 mm at Young, the higher rainfall

being in more elevated areas. June is the wettest

month of the year with rainfall of about 50 mm. This

decreases to around 30 mm per month in February. Summer,

rainfall is much less reliable than winter rainfall.

Soil moisture content is very high and reliable

throughout winter and early to mid spring, with late

spring and mid to late autumn also having relatively

high moisture levels. During summer the probability

of adequate soil moisture for plant growth is much reduced.

-5-

SOIL PROFILE DESCRIPTIONS

Profile Number: 1

LOCATION:

Map Sheet Number: 8327-1-N

Map Name and Scale: Wagga Wagga 1:25 000

Map Zone: 55

Australian Map Grid Reference: 5 40 600 m E

61 21 500 m N

Elevation: 212 m

LANDFORM ELEMENT: On a mid-slope (1 per cent) in a

gently undulating plain

CLIMATE: Median Annual Rainfall 545 mm

PARENT MATERIAL: Parna (Beattie, 1972)

SURFACE CONDITION: Hardsetting

ERODIBILITY: Topsoil - moderate; subsoil - moderate

PROFILE DRAINAGE: Moderate to rapid

LAND USE: Cropping

NATIVE VEGETATION: Extensively cleared. Originally

Woodland

PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Northcote classification: Gn 2.15

Handbook of Australian Soils: Red earth

Horizon Depth (cm)

Al 0-15

A2 15-30

Dark brown (7.5 YR 4/4,

moist); loam, fine sandy;

apedal; earthy fabric;

abundant fine roots;

pH 6. Clear, even to -

Dark reddish brown (5 YR

3/6 moist); sandy clay

loam; apedal; earthy fabric;

few hard ferruginous

concretions (5-15 mm diam.);

many fine roots; pH 6.

Clear, even to -

Horizon Depth (cm)

Bi 30-40 Yellow red (5 YR 4/8

moist); fine sandy clay

loam; apedal; earthy

fabric; many hard

ferruginous concretions

(5-15 mm diamJ; pH 6.5.

Gradual, even to -

B21 40-55 Yellow red (5 YR 4/8 moist);

sandy clay; moderate,

medium to fine sub-

angular blocky; earthy

fabric; few hard ferruginous

concretions (5-15 mm

diamJ; pH 6.5. Gradual

to -

B22 55-80 Strong brown (7.5 YR

5/6 moist); medium clay;

moderate, medium to fine

sub-angular blocky; less

porous than above; few

hard ferruginous

concretions (5-15 mm diamj;

pH 6.5. Clear to -

B23 80-130 Brownish yellow (10 YR

6/6 moist) with orange

and grey mottles; medium

clay; moderate to strong,

coarse blocky; many hard,

black manganiferous

concretions (5-15 mm diam.),

some ferromanganiferous

nodules; pH 7.

Profile Number: 2

LOCATION:



Map Zone: 55

Australian Map Grid Reference: 5 42 500 m F

61 22 700 m N

Elevation: 230 m

LANDFORM ELEMENT: Lower slope (3 per cent)



SURFACE CONDITION: Harsetting

ERODIBILITY: Topsoil - Moderate; subsoil - moderate


LAND USE: Cropping

NATIVE VEGETATION Extensively cleared. Originally

woodi and

PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Northcote classification. Gn 2.23

Handbook of Australian Soils: Yellow earth

Horizon Depth (cm)

Al 0-30 Dark brown (7.5 YR



fabric; abundant fine

roots; pH 6. Gradual,

even to -

Bi 30-65 Yellowish red (5 YR

5/8 moist); sandy clay;

some quartz grit; weak,

medium angular blocky;

earthy fabric; many fine


even to -

-7--

Horizon Depth (cm)



trace quartz grit;

moderate to strong, medium

angular blocky, breaking

to fine angular blocky;

occasional diffuse

Ce rromangan i fe rous

concretion; few roots;

pH 8. Diffuse to -

B22 105-1 45 Brownish yellow (10 YR

6/8 moist) faint red

mottles; medium clay;

morderate, medium angular

blocky, breaking to

fine angular blocky;

occasional diffuse

Ce r roman g an if e r o us

concretion; some soft

carbonate nodules; pH 8.

Gradual to -

B23 145-200 Yellow (10 YR 7/8 moist)

mottled red; sandy clay;

moderate, medium angular

blocky, breaking to fine

angular blocky; some diffuse

fe rromanganife rous

concretions; pH 8. Clear

to -

200-220 Yellow (10 YR 7/8 moist)

ahi1ndnt red mottles;

sandy clay loam; apedal;

abundant quartz grit; some

soft carbonate nrdnles;

pH 8.5.

Profile Number : 3

LOCATION:



Map Zone: 55


61 21 lOOmN

Elevation: 210 m

LANDFORM ELEMENT: On a mid-slope (1 per cent) in a

gently undulating plain






LAND USE: Cropping


woo dl and

PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Northcote classification: Gn 2.22

Handbook of Australian Soils

Yellow earth.

Horizon Depth (cm)

Al 0-30 Dark reddish brown

(5 YR 3/4 moist); sandy

clay loam; weak, medium

platy; earthy fabric;

many fine roots; trace

charcoal; pH 6. Gradual,

even to -

B1 30-60 Yellowish red (5 YR

5/8 moist); fine sandy



fabric; many fine roots;

-10-

some hard ferruginous

and ferromanganiferous


diam.). Diffuse to -


6/6 moist) mottled red;

light clay (fine sandy);


blocky; less porous

than above; some hard

ferruginous and

ferromanganiferous


diam.); few fine roots;

pH 6.5. Gradual to -

B22 90-170 Yellowish brown (10 YR

5/6 moist) mottled

red and grey; medium


medium prismatic; less

porous than above;

some hard ferromanganiferous


diam.); pH 7.

-11-

Profile Number: 4

LOCATION:

Map Sheet Number: 8327-1--N

Map Name and Scale: Wagga Wagga 1 :25 000

Map Zone: 55


61 23 700 m N

Elevation: 280 m

LANDFORM ELEMENT: Mid-slope (15 per cent)


PARENT MATERIAL: Shale?


EHODIBILITY: Topsoil - moderate; subsoil - moderate

PROFILE DRAINAGE: Moderate

LAND USE: Improved pasture


wood 1 and

PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Northcote Classification: Dr 2.12


Non-calcic brown soil

Horizon Depth (cm)

Some quartz stones

(to 20 cm diameter) on

surface.

All 0-10 Dark reddish brown

(25 YR 3/4 moist); light

sandy clay loam; weak,


few angular quartz stones

(6-20mm diameter); abundant

fine roots; pH 7. Clear

to -

-12-

Horizon Depth (cm)

Al2 10-18 Dark reddish brown

(5 YR 31/4 moist);

light sandy clay

loam; weak, medium

angular blocky; angular,

colluvial, shale

rock fragments (6-20 mm

diameter) common; few

angular quartz stones

(2-20 mm diameter);


concretions; abundant

fine roots; pH 6.8.

Clear to -

B21 18-40 Dark red (2.5 YR 3/6

moist); light clay;

moderate, medium

angular blocky; few

angular shale rock

fragments ( 6-20 mm

diameter); some fine

quartz gravel; many fine

roots; pH 6.9.

B21 40-75 As above. Gradual to -

B3 75-100 Dark red (2.5 YR 3/6

moist); sandy loam; much

weathered shale.

-13-

Profile Number: 5

LOCATION:

Map Sheet Number: 8427-IV-N

Map Name and Scale: Wantabadgery 1 :25 000

Map Zone: 55


61 25 500 m N

Elevation: 290 m







LAND USE: Cropping

NATIVE VEGETATION:

Completely cleared. Originally

woodi and

PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Northcote Classification: Gn 2.12

Hardbook of Australian Soils

Red earth.

Horizon Depth (cm)

Al 0-15 Dark reddish brown (5 YR 3/4

moist); sandy clay loam;

weak, medium platy; abundant


to -

Bi 15-45 Yellowish red (5 YR 4/8


loam; weak, medium angular

blocky; earthy fabric; trace

fine quartz gravel; many

fine roots; pH 6.5. Gradual

to -

B21 45-85 Yellowish red (5 YR 5/8

moist), faint red mottles;

light medium clay; weak,

medium angular blocky; earthy

-14-

Horizon Depth (cm)

fabric; trace fine quartz

gravel; few fine roots;

occasional diffuse

ferromanganiferous

concretion; pH 7. Diffuse

to -

B22 85-140 Strong brown (7.5 YR 5/6

moist), faint red mottles;

heavy clay; strong, coarse

angular blocky breaking

to fine polyhedral; very

hard; smooth ped fabric;

some hard ferromanganiferous

concretions (up to 5 mm

diameter); pH 7. Diffuse

to -

B23 140-160 As above, but medium clay

and with more hard

ferromanganiferous


diameter)

-15-

Dr 2.22 (12)

Dy 3.42 (13)

Dr .2.12 ( 1 1 )

Dy 2.42 '(10)

Dr. 2.12 (8)

Dy 2.12 (7)

Dy 3.42

(6)

Figure 1. Soil toposequences occurring on granite near

Harefield (profile number in brackets).

-16-

Profile Number: 6

LOCATION:

Map Sheet Number: 8427-IV--N

Map Name and Scale: Wantabadgery 1:25 000

Map Zone: 55


61 26 500 m N

Elevation: 315 m



PARENT MATERIAL: Colluvium derived from granite


ERODIBILITY: Topsoil - high; subsoil - high

PROFILE DRAINAGE: Slow



woo dl and

PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Northcote Classification: Dy 3.42


Yellow solonetzic

Horizon Depth (cm)

Al 0-30 Dark yellowish brown

(10 YR 4/4 moist);

light sandy clay loam;

apedal, massive; many

fine roots; pH 6. Sharp

to -

A2CB 30-45 Brown (7.5 YR 5/4 moist,

8/2 dry); sandy loam;

apedal, massive; some

fine roots; few hard

ferromanganiferous


diameter); some fine

quartz gravel; pH 6.5.

Clear to -

-17-

Horizon

Depth (cm)

B2 1

45-100 Yellowish brown (10 YR 5/6)

mottled red and orange;

sandy clay; strong, medium

to fine angular blocky;

few bard ferromanganiferous


diameter); trace fine

quartz gravel; pH 7.

Diffuse to -

B22 100-120 As above, but moderate

rather than strong pedality.

Profile Number: 7

LOCATION:

Map Sheet Number: 8427-IV-N

Map Name and Scale: Wantabadgery 1 :25 000

Map Zone: 55


61 26 500 m N

Elevation 315 m




ERODIBILITY: Topsoil - moderate; subsoil - high

PARENT MATERIAL: Granite


LAND USE: Cropping

NATIVE VEGETATION: Extensively cleared. Oriin11v - -------------.--

woodi and


Handbook of Australian Soils:

Yellow podzolic

Horizon Depth (cm)

Al 0-12 Dark brown (7.5 YR 3/4

moist); light sandy clay


blocky; earthy fabric;

many fine roots; pH 6.5.

Clear, even to -



loam; moderate, medium

to coarse angular blocky;

porous fabric, trace fine


roots; pH 7. Gradual to -

-19-

Horizon Depth (cm)

B22 63-100 Yellowish brown ( 1 0 YR 5/8

moist) with red and orange

mottles; sandy medium clay;


to coarse angular blocky;

smooth ped fabric; trace

fine quartz gravel; few

fine roots; occasional

diffuse fe rromangani ferous

concretion; pH 7.5.

-20-

Profile Number: 8

LOCATION:

Map Sheet Number: 8427-TV-N

Map Name and Scale: Wantabadgery 1:25 000

Map Zone: 55


61 26 700 m N

Elevation 315 m

LANDFORM ELEMENT: Upper slope (10 per cent)






LAND USE: Cropping


woodi and


Handbook of Australian Soils: Non-

calcic brown soil.

Horizon Depth (cm)

Al 0-12 Dark reddish brown (5 YR

3/4 moist) ; light sandy

clay loam; apedal; earthy

fabric; trace fine quartz

gravel; abundant fine

roots; pH 6. Sharp, even

to -

82 12-70 Dark red (10 R 3/6 moist);

sandy clay; weak, sub-

angular blocky; smooth

ped fabric; abundant mica

flakes; many fine roots;

pH 7. Gradual, wavy to -

-P21 -

Horizon Depth (cm)

C + 70 Partially weathered granite.

-22-

Profile Number: 9

1OCATION

Map Sheet Number: 8428-11 & 111

Map Name and Scale: Junee 1: 50 000

Map Zone: 55

Australian Map Grid Reference: 5 48 900 m 8

61 28 lOOm N

Elevation: 285 m

LANDFORM ELEMENT: Flat ( < 1 per cent slope)


PARENT MATERIAL: Not identified




LAND USE: Cropping

NATIVE VEGETATION; Extensively cleared. Originally

woodland.



Yellow earth.

Horizon Depth (cm)

All 0-12 Dark brown (7.5 YR 3/4

moist) ; light sandy clay



roots; pH 6. Sharp, even

to -

Al2 12-30 Dark brown (7.5 YR 3/4

moist) with 30% strong

brown (7.5 YR 5/8 moist,

7.5 YR 7/6 dry); light


earthy fabric; many fine

roots; pH 6.5. Clear,

wavy to -

-23-

Horizon Depth (cm)



weak, medium angular

blocky; porous fabric;

trace fine quartz gravel;

occasional hard

ferromanganiferous

concretion (5-15 mm

diameter); few fine roots;


B12 85-100 Reddish yellow (7.5 YR 6/6


weak, fine to medium

polyhedral; stones (2-20 mm

diameter) and fine

quartz gravel common; many

hard ferromanganiferous


diameter); pH 7. Gradual,

even to -

B21 100-155 Reddish brown (2.5 YR 5/3

moist) with orange

mottles; sandy light clay;

strong, medium angular

blocky; stones (2-20 mm

diameter) and fine quartz

gravel common; occasional

diffuse ferromanganiferous

concretions; pH 6.5.

-24-

Profile Number: 10

LOCATION:


Map Name and Scale: Junee 1 :50 000

Map Zone: 55


61 31 100 m N

Elevation: 340 m



PARENT MATERIAL: Colluvium derived from granite



PROFILE DRAINAGE: Moderate to slow

LAND USE: Cropping


woo dl and



Yellow solodic.

Horizon Depth (cm)

Al Mostly removed


7.5 YR 8/3 dry); sandy


fabric; some fine quartz

gravel; occasional hard

ferromanganiferous

concretion (up to 5 mm

diameter); many fine

roots; pH 6. Clear,

even to -

-25-

Horizon Depth (cm)


5/6 moist) ; sandy medium


medium angular blocky and

prismatic; smooth ped

fabric; some fine quartz

gravel; very few hard

ferromanganiferous



pH 7. Gradual, even to -


5/6 moist) ; sandy clay;

apedal, massive; porous

fabric; very hard (dry);

few diffuse

ferromanganiferous

concretions and hard

nodules (5-15mm diameter);

pH 7.5.

-26-

Profile Number: 11

LOCATION:



Map Zone: 55


61 31 000mN

Elevation: 310 m






PROFILE DRAINAGE: Rapid



woodl and

PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Northcote Classification Dr 2.12


calcic brown soil

Horizon Depth (cm)



loam; weak, medium platy;

earthy fabric; some fine

quartz gravel; abundant


to -

82 12-80 Red (2.5 YR 4/6 moist);

sandy clay; weak to


to sub-angular blocky;

some fine quartz gravel;


Gradual, wavy to -

-27-

Horizon Depth (cm)

B3 80-160 Red (2.5 YR 4/6 moist)

with orange mottles;

gravelly clayey sand;

apedal, massive.

Profile Number: 12

LOCATION:



Map Zone: 55


61 35 100 m N

Elevation 380 m





ERODIBILITY: Topsoil - moderate; subsoil - moderate to

high


LAND USE: Cropping

NATIVE VEGETATION: Comoletelv cleared. 0riin11v

woodland.



calcic brown

Horizon Depth (cm)





roots; pH 6. Clear to -

A2 14-25 Yellowish red (5 YR 5/8

moist, 5 YR 6/8 dry);


earthy fabric; trace fine


roots; pH 6.5. Clear to -

-29--

Horizon Depth (cm)

B21 25-65 Red (2.5 YR 4/8 moist);

medium clay; weak, medium

sub-angular blocky; porous

fabric; fine quartz gravel

common; very few diffuse

ferromanganiferous


nodules (5-15 mm diameter);

pH 7. Clear to -

B22 65-100 Dusky red (10 R 3/4 moist)

with yellow mottles; medium

clay; strong, medium to

coarse prismatic breaking

to medium polyhedral;

smooth ped fabric; fine

quartz gravel common; very

few diffuse

ferromanganife rous



pH 7.

-30-

Profile Number: 13

LOCATION:


Map Name and Scale: Junee 1:50 000

Map Zone: 55


61 35 100 m N

Elevation: 360 m





ERODIBILITY: Topsoil - high; subsoil - moderate to high


LAND USE: Cropping

NATIVE VEGETATION: Completely cleared. Originally

woodl and



Yellow solonetzic

Horizon Depth (cm)





roots; pH 6. Clear,

even to -

A2CB 15-30 Reddish yellow (7.5 YR

6/6 moist, 7.5 YR 7/3 dry);

sandy loam; apedal; earthy


pH 6.5. Clear to -

-31-

Horizon Depth (cm)

B21 30-95 Brownish yellow (10 YR 6/8

moist) with red mottles;

medium clay; strong,


smooth ped fabric; few

fine roots; few diffuse

ferromanganiferous



pH 7. Clear to gradual,

even to -


6/8 moist) with red and

grey mottles; medium clay;

weak to moderate, coarse


ped fabric; fine quartz

gravel common; very few

diffuse ferromanganife rous

concretions and hard nodules

(5-15 mm diameter); pH 7.

-32-

Dr 2.42 (1 4 Dr 2.12

(15)

Dr 2.13 (16)

Figure 2. Soil toposequence on metasedimentary

material near Illabo (profile number

in brackets).

-33-

Profile Number: 14

LOCATION:



Map Zone: 55


61 50 200 m N

Elevation 260 m



PARENT MATERIAL: Metasedimentary


ERODIBILITY: Topsoil - high; subsoil - moderate to high




woodland.


Handbook of Australian Soils: Red

solodic

Horizon Depth (cm)

Al 0-12 Reddish brown (5 YR 4/4


weak, fine platy; earthy

fabric; many angular

metasedimentary rock

fragments (6-20 mm


pH 6. Sharp to -

A2CB 12..30 Yellowish red (5 YR 5/6


fine sandy clay loam;

weak, medium sub-angular


angular me tasedimentary



fine roots; pH 6.5. Clear

to -

-34-.

Horizon

B2

C

Depth (cm)

30-60 Red (2.5 YR 4/8 moist);

medium to heavy clay;

moderate, fine angular

blocky; smooth ped fabric;

angular me tasedimentary


diameter) common; pH 7.

Irregular to -

60-80 Brownish yellow (10 YR


orange mottles; sandy clay;


abundant, moderately to

strongly weathered rock

fragments (20-60 mm

diameter); pH 7. Gradual

to -

80-130 Partially weathered

metasedimentary parent

material.

-35-

Profile Number: 15

LOCATION:



Map Zone: 55


61 50 300 m N

Elevation 265 m

LANDFOHM ELEMENT: Mid-slope (20 per cent)


PARENT MATERIAL: Metasedimentary






woodland.



calcic brown soil

Horizon Depth (cm)


3/6 moist) ; fine sandy




fine roots; pH 6. Clear,

wavy to -

B21 20-35 Red (2.5 YR 4/6 moist);

sandy clay loam, weak,

medium to fine angular


few angular and sub-angular

quartz stones and


fragments (2-20 mm

diameter) ; occasional

-36-


concretion (5-15 mm

diameter); many fine roots;

pH 7. Gradual, wavy to -

B22 35-75 Red (2.5 YR 4/6 moist);

medium clay; moderate,


smooth ped fabric; few

angular and sub-angular

quartz stones and

me tasedimentary rock

fragments (6-20 mm

diameter); few hard

ferromanganiferous




B23 75-130 Yellowish brown (10 YR 5/8

moist) with red mottles;

sandy clay; strong, fine

polyhedral; smooth ped

fabric; few sub-angular


fragments (6-20 mm

diameter); few diffuse

ferromanganiferous



pH 7.

-37-

Profile Number: 16

LOCATION:


* Map Name and Scale: Junee 1 :50 000

Map Zone: 55

- Australian Map Grid Reference: 5 71 700 m E

61 50 500 m N

Elevation: 260 m



PARENT MATERIAL: Colluvium derived from metasediments






woodland.


Handbook of Australian Soils: Red-

brown earth.

Horizon Depth (cm)

Scattered surface stone

(to 150mm diameter).


3/4 moist) ; sandy clay


earthy fabric; angular and

sub-angular stones (2-20mm

diameter) common; many

fine roots; pH 6.5. Sharp

to -

B22

Depth (cm)

10-55 Yellowish red (5 YR

4/8 moist); light medium

clay; moderate, medium

angular blocky breaking

to fine polyhedral;


stones (2-20 mm diameter)

common; very few hard


(up to 5 mm diameter) and

diffuse black manganiferous

concretions; very few

soft calcium carbonate

concretions; few fine


55-120 Yellowish red (5 YR 4/8

moist); light medium clay;

moderate, fine polyhedral;


stones (2-20mm diameter)

common; soft calcium

carbonate concretions

common; few diffuse

manganiferous concretions

and hard nodules; pH 9.

Horizon

B2 1

-39-

Profile Number: 17

LOC /\T TON:



Map Zone: 55


61 50 000mN

Elevation 320 iii



PARENT MATERIAL: Igneous - fine grained, siliceous






dry sclerophyll forest


Handbook of Australian Soils: Soloth

or yellow podzolic.

Horizon Depth (cm)


moist); sandy loam; apedal;




even to -




fabric; angular and sub-

angular rock fragments

and quartz stones (6-20 mm

diameter) common;

occasional charcoal

inclusion; few fine roots;

pH 5.5. Sharp, wavy or

irregular to -

-40-

Horizon Depth (cm)

A22CB 30-45 Light grey (LO YR 7/2

moist, 7.5 YR 8/2 dry);

light sandy clay loam;


very hard (dry); few


rock fragments and

quartz stones (6-20 mm

diameter); few hard

ferromanganiferous


diameter); few fine

roots; pH 6. Clear

to -

B21 45-75 Pale brown (10 YR 6/3

moist); sandy clay;

strong, fine polyhedral;

very few angular rock

fragments (6-20 mm

diameter); few hard

ferromanganiferous


diameter); pH 6.

Gradual to

822 75-1 30 Pale brown (10 YR 6/3

moist) with orange

mottles; sandy clay;

apedal, porous fabric;

very few angular rock

fragments (6-20 mm

diameter); pH 6.

-41-

Profile Number: 18

LOCATION:



Map Zone: 55


61 51 200 m N

Elevation 300 rn



PARENT MATERIAL: Siltstone






woo dl and

PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Nothcote Classification: Dy 2.42

Handbook of Australian Soils: Yellow

solodi c

Horizon Depth (cm)


moist); sandy loam; weak,

fine platy; earthy fabric;

few angular and sub-angular

siltstone rock fragments

(2-20 mm diameter);





clay loam; apedal; earthy

fabric; few angular and

sub-angular silts tone

rock fragments (2-20mm

diameter); many hard

-42-

Horizon Depth (cm)

ferromanganiferous



roots; pH 6.5. Sharp

to -


6/6 moist); heavy clay;

strong, medium prismatic

breaking to medium to


smooth ped fabric; very

few angular siltstone


diameter); very few hard

ferromanganiferous


diameter) and charcoal

inclusions; pH 8.

Gradual to -

83 75-120 Brownish yellow (10 YR

6/6 moist) with grey


apedal, massive; abundant

partially weathered

siltstone rock; diffuse

ferromanganiferous

concretions common;

occasional hard

ferromanganiferous nodule;

pH 6.5.

_43_

Profile Number: 19

LOCATION:


Map Name and Scale: Junee 1:50 000

Map Zone: 55

Australian Map Grid Reference 5 75 000 m E

61 51 000mN

Elevation: 300 m





ERODIBILITY: Tbpsoil - moderate; subsoil - high


LAND USE: Cropping


woodland.


Handbook of Australian Soils: Bed-

brown earth

Horizon Depth (cm)

Al 0-12 Dark reddish brown (2.5 YR


loam; weak, medium


fabric; very few angular

and sub-angular stones

(2-6 mm diameter); very

few hard ferromanganiferous


diameter); abundant fine


even to -

-44-

Horizon Depth (cm)

B21 12-40 Dark reddish brown (2.5 18


medium clay; moderate,


smooth ped fabric;

very few angular and

sub-angular stones

(2-6 mm diameter);

very few hard

ferromangan iferous




B22 40-85 Red (2.5 YR 5/6 moist);

medium to heavy clay;

strong, medium prismatic

breaking to fine to medium

angular blocky; Smooth

ped fabric; diffuse

calcium carbonate


nodules (greater than

15 mm diameter) common;

few fine roots; pH 9.

Gradual to -


moist); heavy clay;

moderate, medium prismatic

breaking to medium angular


few diffuse calcium

carbonate concretions; few

diffuse fe rromangan if erous


nodules (up to 5 mm

diameter); pH 9.

-45-

Profile Number 20

LOCATION:

Map Sheet Number: 8528-I & IV

Map Name and Scale: Cootamundra 1:50 000

Map Zone: 55

Australian Map Grid Reference: 5 91 900 m S

61 70 000 m N

Elevation: 360 m







LAND USE: Cropping


woodland.



podzol ic

Horizon Depth (cm)



weak, medium platy; earthy



even to -

A2 12-35 Yellowish red (5 YR 5/6




very hard (dry); very


(2-6 mm diamter); hard


(up to 5 mm diameter)

common; many fine roots;


-46-

Horizon Depth (cm)


moist); medium clay;

moderate, fine to medium

sub-angular blocky; hard


(5-15 mm diameter) common;


Gradual, even to -

B22 55-75 Reddish yellow (7.5 YR


strong, fine to medium

sub-angular blocky; hard


(5-15 mm diameter) common;


Gradual to -

B23 75-130 Brownish yellow (10 YR 6/6

moist) with orange and

grey mottles; strong,


hard black manganiferous



hard ferruginous


diameter); pH 7.

-47-

Profile Number: 21

LOCATION:

Map Sheet Number: 8528-I-IV

Map Name and Scale: Cootamundra 1 :50 000

Map Zone: 55


61 71 300 m N

Elevation 345 m



PARENT MATERIAL: Quaternary terrestrial sediments


ERODIBILITY: Topsoil - high; subsoil - moderate




woodland



solodic

Horizon Depth (cm)


moist); light sanay clay


earthy fabric; very few

charcoal inclusions (up to

5 mm diameter) ; many fine

roots; pH 5.5. Clear to -


10 YR 7/4 dry); sandy clay

loam; apedal; earthy fabric;

very few diffuse

ferromanganiferous

concretions; many fine

roots; pH 6. Sharp to -

Horizon Depth (cm)


moist); heavy clay; strong,


smooth ped fabric; very

few diffuse and soft

ferromanganiferous



pH 7. Gradual to -


moist) with grey mottles;

heavy clay; strong fine


ped fabric; few hard

ferromanganiferous


diameter); few fine roots. 4

Profile Number: 22

LOCATION:



Map Zone: 55


61 77 300 m N

Elevation 520 m







LAND USE: Cropping


woodi and


Handbook of Australian Soils: Euchrozem

Horizon Depth (cm)



clay loam; apedal to weak,

crumb; earthy fabric;


pH 6. Clear to -

B21 10-30 Dusky red (10 R 3/4 moist);

light medium clay;


angular blocky; porous

fabric; many cutans; very


(2-20 mm diameter);


pH 6.5. Arbitrary to -

-50--

Horizon Depth (cm)

B22 30-60 Dusky red (10 H 3/4 moist);

medium clay; strong,


porous fabric; many

cutans; very few angular

quartz stones (2-20 mm


roots; pH 7. Arbitrary to -

B22 60-90 As above, but fewer fine

roots. Arbitrary to -

B22 90-110 As above, but fewer fine

roots. Diffuse to -

B23 110-130 Dusky red (10 R 3/4 moist);

medium clay; strong, coarse

blocky breaking to fine

angular blocky; cutans

common; very few angular

quartz stones; pH 7.

-51-

Gn 2.12 (23)

G.n 2.12 (25)

Gn 2.22 Dy 2.42

(24) (26)

Figure 3. Soil toposequence on unidentified material

near Wallendbeen (profile number in brackets).

-52-

Profile Number: 23

LOCATION:



Map Zone: 55


61 79 300 m N

Elevation: 500 m

LANDFOHM ELEMENT: Mid-slope (10 per cent)








woodland

PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Northcote Classification: Go 2.12


earth

Horizon Depth (cm)



loam; apedal to weak,



pH 5.5. Clear to -

Bi 15-50 Red (25 YR 4/6 moist);

fine sandy light clay;

weak, fine sub-angular


very few hard

ferromanganiferous nodules

(up to 5 mm diameter);


Diffuse to -

-53-

Horizon Depth (cm)

B2 50-110 Dark red (2.5 YB 3/6


moderate, fine sub-angular

blocky; friable (moist);


nodules (up to 5 mm


p1-i 6.

-54-

Profile Number: 24

LOCATION:

Map Sheet Number: 85281 & IV


Map Zone: 55


61 79 900 m N

Elevation: 500 m







LAND USE: Cropping


wood 1 and



earth

Horizon Depth (cm)

Al 0-14 Brown (7.5 YR 5/4 moist);

loam, fine sandy; apedal;

earthy fabric; abundant

fine roots; pH 5.5. Clear,

even to -

B1 14-40 Strong brown (7.5 YR 5/6


apedal to weak, medium

sub-angular blocky; earthy


pH 6. Gradual to -

-55-

Horizon Depth (cm)



light clay; moderate,

fine sub-angular blocky;

very few hard

ferromanganiferous



pH 6. Gradual to -



light clay; moderate,

fine sub-angular blocky;

very few hard

ferromanganiferous



pH 7. Clear to -

B23 110-120 Pale brown (10 YR 6/3

moist) with orange and

yellow mottles; medium

clay; moderate to strong


many hard black


(5-15 mm diameter); few



diameter); pH 7.

-56--

Profile Number: 25

LOCATION:



Map Zone: 55

Australian Map Grid Reference: 6 03 000 m S

61 80 800 m N

Elevation: 500 m

LANDFOHM ELEMENT: Upper slope (20 per cent)








woodi and

PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Northcote Classification: On 2.12


earth

Horizon Depth (cm)

Al 0-12 Reddish brown (5 YR 4/6

moist); loam, fine sandy;

weak, crumb; earthy fabric;

very few charcoal

inclusions (5-15 mm


roots; pH 5.5. Gradual

to -

81 12-30 Red (2.5 YR 4/6 moist);


weak, medium sub-angular


very few hard

ferromanganife rous

concretions and charcoal

inclusions (up to 15 mm

-57--

Horizon Depth (cm)


roots; pH 6. Diffuse to -

B21 30-65 Red (2.5 YR 4/6 moist);

sandy clay; weak to

moderate, medium sub-


fabric; few hard

ferrornanganiferous

concretions (up to

5mm diameter); many fine

roots; pH 6. Diffuse to -

B22 65-100 Red (2.5 YR 4/8 moist);


weak to moderate, medium

sub-angular blocky; few





B 100-120 Red (2.5 YR 4/8 moist);


apedal, earthy fabric;

abundant hard black


and f errom angani f e ro us

concretions (greater than

15 mm diameter); few

fine roots; pH 7.

Profile Number: 26

LOCATION:



Map Zone: 55


61 80 200 m N

Elevation 500 m

LANDFORM ELEMENT: Flat (2 per cent slope)








woodland



solodic

Horizon Depth (cm)

Al 0-15 Greyish brown (10 YR 5/2


loam; weak, fine crumb;

earthy fabric; very

few charcoal inclusions

(up to 5 mm diameter);


pH 5.5. Clear to -

A2CB 15-65 Light brownish grey

(10 YR 6/2 moist, 10 YR

8/1 dry) with orange

flecks; light sandy clay


fabric; hard

ferromanganiferous


-59--

Horizon Depth (cm) diameter) common; many

fine roots; pH 6. Sharp

to -

B21 65-80 Greyish brown (2.5 Y 5/1

moist) with orange flecks;

medium clay; strong, medium


ped fabric; very few hard

ferromanganiferous



pH 7. Clear to -

B22 80-120 Light brownish grey (10 YR

6/2 moist) with yellow



blocky; few hard

ferromanganiferous


diameter); pH 7. Gradual

to -

B23 120-200 Light olive brown (2.5 Y

5/3 moist) with orange

mottles; heavy clay;

strong, medium angular


many cutans; few hard

ferromanganiferous


diameter) but less than

above; pH 8.

Gn 2.12 (27

Gn 2.12 (29) Gn 2.12

Gn 2.22 (28) - (30)

Figure 4. Soil toposequence occurring on granodiorite

near Young (profile number in brackets).

-61-

Profile Number: 27

LOCATION:

Map Sheet Number: 8529- 11 & 111

Map Name and Scale: Young 1:50 000

Map Zone: 55

Australian Map Grid Reference: 6 11 500 m 8

61 97 500 m N

Elevation: 520 m



PARENT MATERIAL: Granodiorite


ERODIBILITY: Topsoil - moderate; subsoil - moderate to high




wood 1 and



earth

Horizon Depth (cm)

Al 0-10 Dark reddish brown

(2.5 YR 3/3 moist); light





to -

Bl 10-25 Dark reddish brown (2.5 YR



blocky;cutans common;



fine roots; pH 6. Gradual

to -

-62-

Horizon Depth (cm)

B21 25-80 Dark red (2.5 YR 3/6


weak to moderate,


very porous fabric; cutans

common; trace fine

quartz grit; many fine

roots; pH 7. Gradual

to -

B22 80-140 Dark red (2.5 YR 3/6




porous fabric; cutans

common; trace fine quartz

gravel; few diffuse

ferromanganiferous


nodules (up to 5 mm

diameter); pH 7.

-63-

Profile Number: 28

LOCATION:

Map Sheet Number: 8529 - 11 & 111


Map Zone: 55

Australian Map Grid Reference: 6 11 500rn E

61 97 500 m N

Elevation 520 m









wood 1 and



earth

Horizon Depth (cm)

Al 0-13 Reddish brown (5 YR 4/

moist); fine sandy loam;

weak, fine subangular


abundant fine roots; pH 6.

Clear, even to -

Bl 13-30 Dark reddish brown (5 YR

3/' moist); sandy clay

loam; weak, medium sub-


fabric; very few hard

ferromanganiferous -




even to -

-64--

Horizon Depth (cm)

821 30-75 Yellowish red (5 YB 4/8


loam; weak to moderate,


porous fabric; few cutans;


few hard manganiferous

and ferromanganiferous



roots; pH 6.5. Gradual,

even to -

822 75-105 Yellowish red (5 YR 4/8

moist); sandy clay; weak,

medium sub-angular blocky;

porous fabric; few cutans;


few hard manganiferous and

ferromanganife rous




B23 105-130 Brownish yellow (10 8 6/6

moist); sandy clay; apedal;

porous fabric; trace fine

quartz gravel; hard

manganiferous and

f e r roman g an if e r o us


diameter) common; pH 7.

-65-

Profile Number: 29

LOCATION:



Map Zone: 55


61 96 500 m N

Elevation 540 m





ERODIBILITY: Topsoil - moderate; subsoil - moderate to high


LAND USE: Cropping


woodi and



earth

Horizon Depth (cm)




earthy fabric; abundant


to -

Bi 10-30 Dark reddish brown (5 YR


loam; moderate, medium


fabric; cutans common;

very few hard ferruginous




to -

Horizon Depth (cm)

B21 30-75 Red (2.5 YR 4/6 moist);

sandy clay; moderate,

medium angular to sub-

angular blocky; porous

fabric; cutans common;



concretions (5-15mm



to -

B22 75-100 Red (2.5 YR 4/6 moist);

sandy light medium clay;



porous fabric; trace

fine quartz gravel; few

cutans; few hard

ferromanganiferous


diameter) ; few fine



5/6 moist) ; sandy light

medium clay; weak,

medium to coarse angular




concretions (5-15mm


pH 7.

-6 7--

Profile Number: 30

LOCATION:


Map Name and Scale: Young 1 :50 000

Map Zone: 55

Australian Map Grid Reference: 6 ii

61 96

Elevation 530 m







LAND USE: Cropping

100 m E

500 m N


wood 1 and

PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Northcote Classification: On 2.22

Horizon

Al

Handbook of Australian Soils: Ye].low

earth

Depth (cm)

0-15 Dark reddish brown (5 YR

3/2 moist) ; light sandy





pH 5.5. Clear, even to -

15-40 Strong brown (7.5 YR 5/6





very few hard

ferromanganiferous




Horizon Depth (cm)


5/6 moist) ; sandy clay;



cutans common; trace

fine quartz gravel;

hard black manganiferous







to -

B22 110-150 Brownish yellow (10 YB


grey mottles; strong,

medium to coarse angular


smooth ped fabric;

ferromanganiferous cu tans

common; trace fine quartz

gravel; pH 7.

TABLE 2. LABORATORY ANALYSES - NATURAL GAS PIPELINE.

Profile Depth Clay Silt Fine Coarse Stones Stones L.L.* P.I. USCS* D.I.* D.P.* L.S.* E.A.T.* No. (cm) Sand Sand 2-6mm > 6mm

0/ /0

0/ /0

0/ /0

0/ /0

0/ /0

0/ /0

0/ /0

1 0- 15 22 16 50 12 0 0 23 12 CL 4.2 33 3 3(2) 15- 30 30 14 44 11 0 0 26 16 CL 8.0 17 7 3(1) 30- 40 31 14 39 14 2 0 27 17 CL 12.0 11 7 3(2) 40- 55 39 12 36 11 1 0 33 18 CL 29.0 5 10 3(2) 80-130 54 8 28 7 1 1 45 21 CL 9.0 13 11 3(2)

2 0- 30 20 16 47 17 0 0 30 10 CL 19.0 8 4 7 30- 65 35 10 37 16 1 0 31 17 CL 27.0 5 7 3(2) 65-1 05 64 8 20 8 0 0 52 30 CH 13.3 9 13 2(1) 105-145 43 14 28 13 2 0 38 21 CL 30.0 4 8 2(1) 145-200 39 17 12 17 14 1 53 25 CH 16.5 8 12 3(2) 200-220 19 14 14 30 22 1 50 21 Sc 11.5 13 10 3(1)

3 0- 30 16 22 48 14 0 0 25 10 CL 6.3 27 4 3(3) ' 30- 60 30 14 40 16 0 0 26 15 CL 24.0 6 6 2(1) 60- 90 42 9 33 11 4 1 36 19 CL 29.0 4 10 2(1)

* L.L. - Liquid Limit; P.I. - Plasticity Index; USCS - Unified Soil Classification System;

D.I. - Dispersal Index; D.P. - Dispersion Percentage; L.S. - Linear Shrinkage;

E.A.T. - Emerson Aggregate Test.

0 2(1) 2(1) 2(1)

TABLE 2. (Continued)

Profile Depth Clay Silt Fine Coarse Stones Stones L.L.* P.I. USCS D.I.* D.P.* L.S.* E.A.T.* No. (cm) Sand Sand 2-6 mm > 6mm

0/ /0

0/ /0

0/ /0

0/ /0

0/ /0

0/ /0

0/ /0

4 0- 10 15 17 39 24 2 3 nd nd 8.5 25 4 8 10- 18 10 10 25 27 16 11 26 8 SC 16.0 10 3 8 18- 40 43 11 21 15 10 1 41 27 CL 6.6 20 11 3(1) 40- 75 43 9 22 16 8 3 43 25 CL 16.5 8 9 2(1 75-100 9 17 26 41 3 3 nd nd 7.0 33 4 7

5 0- 15 20 22 44 14 0 0 27 11 CL 18.0 10 4 7 15- 45 34 14 36 16 0 0 31 22 CL 27.1 11 9 3(1) 45- 85 52 8 29 11 0 0 45 24 CL 17.5 8 12 2(1) 85-140 58 6 27 9 0 0 49 30 CL 12.0 11 13 2(1) 140-160 45 12 28 13 3 0 46 26 CL 6.6 20 9 2(1

6 0- 30 16 16 39 29 0 0 30 11 CL 18.0 10 5 30- 45 9 7 33 41 10 0 19 5 SC 4.0 75 1 45-100 38 10 20 32 0 0 40 22 CL 27.0 11 12 100-120 40 10 24 26 1 0 40 21 CL 10.0 14 10

7 0- 12 14 14 45 27 0 0 27 9 CL 8.0 22 3 12- 63 32 10 32 26 0 0 35 21 CL 24.0 6 6 63-100 49 12 24 14 1 0 43 26 CL 34.0 4 10



E.A.T. - Emerson Aggregate Test; nd - Non Determinable.


Profile Deptb Clay Silt Fine Coarse Stones Stones L.L. P.I. USCS* D.I.* D.P.* L.S.* E.A.T.* No. (cm) Sand Sand 2-6 mm > 6mm

0/ 0/ 9/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ /0 /0 /0 /0 /9 /0 /9

/0 1') 1/0 10 01 1 - -- no no I.0 29 2 7 12- 70 32 5 14 34 0 15 45 23 Sc 14.0 11 9 3(1)

9 0- 12 10 10 43 37 0 0 22 5 SM-SC 13.0 25 2 7 12- 30 14 16 40 30 0 0 28 11 SC 16.0 11 4 8 30- 85 21 8 25 42 4 1 27 15 CL 19.0 8 5 2(1) 85-100 15 9 25 25 23 4 24 13 SC 9.5 17 4 2(1) 100-155 31 3 16 24 12 15 47 24 Sc 3.6 40 9 2(1)

10 0- 45 6 13 35 40 6 0 nd nd 6.0 40 0 3(2) 45- 70 48 6 19 20 7 0 48 25 CL 11.3 11 12 3(2) 70-1 40 32 4 18 35 10 0 42 24 Sc 12.5 11 10 2(1)

11

0- 12

12- 80 80-160

10 8

43 5

5 3

42 37 14 28 11 65

4 0

10 0

16 0

nd 46 nd

nd 23 nd

CL 7.0 33.0 12.0

29 4 33

2 nd 1

8 8 8

12 0- 14 15 10 41 29 5 0 23 5 SM-SC 16.0 11 2 7 14- 25 15 9 46 23 7 0 21 8 Sc 17.0 10 3 3(2) 25- 65 48 7 18 13 14 0 48 26 CL 38.0 3 10 3(1) 65-100 48 7 16 14 14 0 47 24 CL 18.0 7 11 2(1)

* L.L. - Liquid Limit; P.I. - Plasticity Index; USCS - Unified Soil Classification System; D.I. - Dispersal Index; D.P. - Dispersion Percentage; L.S. - Linear Shrinkage;



Depth Clay Silt L.S.* E.#.T.* Profile Fine Coarse Stones Stones L..L,* P.I. USCS* D.I.* D.P.* No. (cm) Sand Sand 2-6 mm > 6mm

0/ /0

0/ iC

0/ /0

0/ /0

0/ /0

13 0- 15 10 10 55 24 1 0 23 7 SC 14.3 14 1 8 15- 30 6 14 47 33 0 0 nd nd 4.0 100 0 3(3) 30- 95 50 8 25 17 0 0 42 21 CL 33.0 4 11 5 95-120 44 9 24 11 11 0 46 26 CL 17.0 7 11 2(1)

14 0- 12 10 11 18 15 22 25 35 7 SC 9.0 17 4 7 12- 30 33 18 21 10 12 6 29 13 CL 5.0 25 4 3(2) 30- 60 57 11 7 2 18 4 50 27 CL-CH 15.3 8 10 5 60- 80 39 26 17 5 4 8 38 20 CL 5.5 23 6 2(1)

15 0- 20 14 16 49 19 1 1 25 6 CL-ML 15.0 11 2 7 20- 35 21 18 47 12 2 1 23 10 CL 7.0 21 4 3(1) 35- 75 57 14 19 8 1 1 42 22 CL 12.3 10 10 2(1) 75-130 43 22 20 8 4 2 38 17 CL 11.3 11 9 2(1)

16 0- 10 15 16 39 11 11 8 26 10 CL 6.3 25 3 8 30- 55 44 9 19 4 19 6 53 31 CH 1.7 74 10 1 60-1 20 36 20 16 10 12 6 59 40 CH 4.6 29 15 2(1)

17 0- 7 8 14 47 30 1 1 28 8 SC 11.0 20 1 8 7- 30 7 19 36 23 8 7 nd nd 6.5 33 0 7 30- 45 12 21 36 27 0 3 18 6 CL-ML 4.0 44 0 2(2) 45- 75 32 16 40 12 0 0 30 14 CL 5.0 28 6 2(2) 75-130 30 20 40 10 0 0 32 15 CL 2.0 80 6 2(1)

* L.L. - Liquid Limit; P.I. - Plasticity Index; USCS - Unified Soil Classification System; D.I. - Dispersal Index; D.P. - Dispersion Percentage; L.S. - Linear Shrinkage; E.A.T. - Emerson Aggregate Test;

I I

nd - Non Determinable.

I I


Profile Depth Clay Silt Fine Coarse Stones Stones L.L.* P.I.* USCS D.I,* D.P.* L.S.* E.A.T.* No. (cm) Sand Sand 2-6 mm > 6mm

01 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/

/0 /0 0 /0 /0 /0 /0

18 0- 5

5- 35

35- 75 75-120

6 25 75 29

13 4 6 6

57 10 15 13

20 21 3 8

3 14 1

15

2 26 0

29

43 21 66 -

11 3

37 -

SC SM OH

90 29.0 3.3 5.8

0 5

35 21

3 0 10 -

7 7 2(2) 8

19 0- 12 18 20 45 16 1 1 32 10 CL 6.0 25 5 8 12- 40 44 12 33 11 0 0 40 21 CL 4.4 29 8 2(1) 40- 85 49 22 18 10 2 0 70 45 OH 3.8 32 12 5 85-150 58 12 21 6 0 3 75 54 CH 9.8 13 10 2(1)

20 0- 12 16 22 51 11 0 0 nd nd 18.0 9 2 8 12- 35 32 14 46 8 0 0 34 26 CL 12.5 11 9 3(1) 35-. 55 50 12 32 6 0 0 40 25 CL 16.0 8 11 3(1) 55- 75 54 12 28 6 0 0 48 26 CL 17.5 7 10 3(1) 75-130 50 12 29 9 0 0 46 25 CL 11.1 11 14 3(1)

21 0- 10 12 24 59 5 0 0 26 6 CL 4.0 44 2 8

10- 50 20 24 54 2 0 0 23 8 CL 4.0 39 4 3(1)

50- 80 48 14 37 1 0 0 43 24 CL 8.5 15 10 -





Profile Depth Clay Silt Fine Coarse Stones Stones L.L.* P.I.* USCS* D.I.* D.P.* L.S.* E.A.T.* No. (cm) Sand Sand 2-6 mm > 6mm

0/ Ic

01 /0

0/ /0

0/ /0

0/ /0

oI /0

0/ /9

22 0- 10 30 18 47 5 0 0 33 6 CL 24.0 6 5 3(2) 10- 30 40 14 40 6 0 0 42 21 CL 14.5 9 12 3(2) 30- 60 53 8 29 9 0 1 51 31 CH 17.5 7 14 5 60- 95 61 6 29 3 1 0 65 50 CH 19.5 6 14 5 95-110 57 8 30 3 1 1 54 36 CH 37.0 3 14 5 110-130 57 8 29 4 1 1 55 35 CH 18.5 7 16 5

23 0- 15 22 16 57 5 0 0 28 8 CL 9.5 15 4 7 15- 50 36 10 50 4 0 0 34 21 CL 13.0 10 9 3(2) 50-1 10 56 8 32 4 0 0 45 23 CL 18.0 7 10 3(1)

24 0- 14 10 16 70 4 0 0 25 6 CL 14.0 14 1 8 14- 40 18 20 59 3 0 0 21 8 CL 9.0 18 2 3(1) 40- 65 32 12 52 3 0 1 33 18 CL 24.0 6 9 3(1) 65-1 10 32 16 50 2 0 0 35 20 CL 23.0 6 8 3(1) 110-120 45 10 35 8 2 0 47 32 CL 7.5 17 10 3(3)

25 0- 12 16 14 65 5 0 0 30 8 CL 16.0 11 4 8 12- 30 28 10 58 4 0 0 29 14 CL 21.0 7 7 3(2) 30- 65 40 10 47 3 0 0 39 20 CL 27.0 5 13 3(2) 65-1 00 44 8 44 4 0 0 39 21 CL 15.0 8 10 3(1) 100-120 27 14 38 19 2 1 34 17 CL 7.3 21 7 7



E.A.T. - Emerson Aggregate Test.


Profile Depth Clay Silt Fine Coarse Stones Stones L.L.* P.I. USCS* D.I.* D.P.* L.S.* E.A,T.*

No. (cm) Sand Sand 2-6 mm > 6mm 0/

0 0/ /0

01 /0

0/ /0

0/ /0

0/ /0

0/

26 0- 15 14 28 55 3 0 0 nd nd 8.5 18 2 8

15- 65 11 25 50 5 7 2 nd nd 2.4 64 1 2(1)

65- 80 48 14 30 8 0 0 41 22 CL 5.3 23 9 3(2)

80-120 32 18 41 9 1 0 30 13 CL 8.3 16 7 3(3)

120-200 52 10 25 10 3 0 56 34 CH 5.8 21 10 3(2)

27 0- 10 16 18 44 22 0 0 30 9 CL 9.0 18 4 8

10- 25 28 14 39 19 1 0 31 16 CL 11.5 13 6 3(1)

25- 80 40 10 27 23 0 0 38 24 CL 27.0 5 9 2(1)

80-140 47 10 25 17 1 0 46 25 CL 17.0 8 10 6

28 0- 13 12 18 47 23 0 0 30 11 CL 8.0 29 3 8

13- 30 20 18 44 18 0 0 28 11 CL 8.3 19 4 3(1)

30- 75 28 12 44 16 0 0 31 19 CL 23.0 6 6 2(1)

75-105 36 13 32 13 5 1 37 22 CL 13.5 10 9 2(1)

105-130 27 12 32 18 10 0 33 14 CL 11.5 13 8 2(1)

29 0- 10 16 16 43 25 0 0 29 10 CL 16.0 9 4 7

10- 30 30 8 43 19 1 0 30 17 CL 23.0 6 8 5

30- 75 36 10 33 21 1 0 36 21 CL 27.0 6 10 5

75-1 00 46 12 27 15 1 0 40 22 CL 31.0 4 9 2(1)

100-150 43 12 26 17 1 2 43 22 CL 16.0 9 12 2(1)

30 0- 15 14 14 47 25 1 0 26 8 CL 16.0 10 3 7

15- 40 26 12 40 21 1 0 30 16 CL 22.0 6 8 3(1)

40-1 10 30 12 25 21 11 0 38 23 CL 11.5 17 9 2(1)

1 10-1 50 59 10 26 11 2 0 46 28 CL 17.0 7 12 2(1)




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REFERENCES.

ANON (1973) Climate of the Wagga Wagga District. In'Wagga Wagga District Technical Manual! Soil Conservation Service of N.S.W.

AUSTRALIAN STANDARD 1289 (1977) Methods of Testing Soils for Engineering Purposes. Standards Ass, of Aust. North Sydney.

BEATTIE, J.A. (1972) Groundsurfaces of the Wagga Wagga Region, New South Wales. C.S.I.R.O. Aust. Soil Publ. No. 28,

CASAGRANDE, A. (1947) Classification and Identification of Soils. Proc. Am. Soc. Civ. Engrs. 73, 783-810.

CHARMAN, P.E.V. (Ed.) (1975) Soils of New South Wales. Their Characterisation, Classification and Conservation. Soil Conservation Service of N.S.W. Technical Handbook No, 1

CROUCH, N.J. (1 A1 ) Soils of the Cootamundra Di sfri rt. In 'Cootamundra District Technical Manual', Soil Conservation Service of N.S.W.

CROUCH, R.J. (1981b) Soils of the Young District. In 'Young District Technical Manual' Soil Conservation Service of N.S.W.

DAY, P.R. (1965) Particle Fractionation and Particle- Size Analysis. In 'Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I'. (Ed. C.A. Black). pp 545-567. (Am. Soc. Agron.: Madison, Wisc.)

EDWARDS, K. (1979) Rainfall in New South Wales. Soil Conservation Service of N.S.W. Technical Handbook No. 3.

EMERSON, W.W. (1967) A Classification of Soil Aggregates based on their Coherence in Water. Aust. J. Soil Res. j, -tl - JI

JOHNSTON, W.H. (1981a) Climate of the Cootamundra District In ' Cootamundra District Technical Manual' . Soil Conservation Service of N.S.W.

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JOHNSTON, W. H. (1981b) Climate of the Young District. In 'Young District Technical Manual'. Soil Conservation Service of N.S.W.

MORSE, R.J., ATKINSON, G. and CRAZE, B. (1982) Soil Data Card Handbook. Soil Conservation Service of N.S.W. Technical Handbook No. 4.

- NORTHCOTE, K.H., HUBBLE, G.D., ISBELL, R.F., THOMPSON, G.H and BETTENAY, B. (1975) A Description of Australian

Soils. C.S.I.R.O.

NORTHCOTE, K.H. (1979) A Factual Key for the Recognition of Australian Soils. Rellim Technical Publications, Glenside, South Australia.

SOWERS, G.F. (1965) Consistency. In 'Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I'. (Ed. C.A. Black). pp 391-399. (Am. Soc. Agron.: Madison, Wisc.

STACE, H.C.T., HUBBLE, G.D., BREWER, B., NORTHCOTE, K.H., SLEEMAN, J.R., MULCAHY, M.J. , and HALLSWORTH, E.G. (1968)

A Handbook of Australian Soils. Rellim Technical Publications, Glenside, South Australia.

APPENDIX

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Atterberg Limits

The Atterberg limits are based on the concept that a fine grained soil can exist in any of three states depending on its water content. Thus, on the addition of water, a soil may proceed from the solid state through to the plastic and finally liquid states. The water contents at the boundaries between adjacent states are termed the plastic limit and the liquid limit. Water content is expressed as a percentage of the oven dry weight of soil (see Sowers, G.E., 1965).

Plastic Limit (P.L.

The plastic limit of a soil is the moisture content at which the soil passes from the solid to the plastic state.

Liquid Limit (L.L.)

The liquid limit is the moisture content at which the soil passes from the plastic to the liquid state.

Plasticity Index (P.1.)

The plasticity index of a soil is the numerical difference between the plastic and the liquid limits.

Dispersal Index (D.I.)

The Dispersal Index of a soil is the ratio between the total amount of very fine particles of approximately clay size, determined by chemical and mechanical dispersion and the amount of very fine particles obtained by mechanical dispersion only. Highly dispersible soils have low dispersal indices because their very fine particles are already in a dispersed state, and the ratio approaches one. Slightly dispersible soils have high dispersal indices.

The test has been shown to reflect field behaviour of soils in that dispersible soils are often highly erodibie arid subject to tunnelling, both in situ and when used in earthworks.

A full description of the Dispersal Index test and the background to it is given in 'Soils of New South Wales' (Ed. P.E.V. Charman, 1978).

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Dispersion Percentage (D.P.)

The dispersion percentage represents the proportion of approximately clay size particles in a soil which are dispersible. it is determined in the laboratory in a similar manner to the Dispersal Index, but the results are expressed as a percentage instead of a ratio.

Highly dispersible soils have a high dispersion percentage

Emerson Aggregate Test (E.A.)

The Emerson Aggregate Test classifies soil aggregates based on their coherence in water. Small dry aggregates are placed in dishes of distilled water and their behaviour observed. The conditions under which they slake, swell and disperse allows the different aggregates to be separated into eight classes. The test is particularly valuable in a soil conservation context as it grades soil aggregates according to their stability in water.

A description of the test is given by Emerson (1967). In this report a modification of the test described in 'Soils of New South Wales' (Ed. P.E.V. Charman, 1978) is used to subdivide classes 2 and 3.

Linear Shrinkage

Linear shrinkage is the decrease in one dimension of a soil sample when over dried (at 105 C for 2 hours) from the moisture content at its liquid limit, expressed as a percentage of the original dimension.

The linear shrinkage test is fully described in Australian Standard 1289, Testing Soils for Engineering Purposes (1 977 )

Categories used are:

Low 0 - 12%

Medium 12 - 17%

High 17 - 22%

Very High 22%

Linear shrinkage is used as a measure of the shrink/swell potential of a soil.

BOW

Northcote Code

The Northcote Code represents the characterisation of a soil profile according to a system for the recognition of soils in the field described by Northcote (1979).

Particle Size Analysis

Particle size analysis is the laboratory determination of the amounts of the different separates in a soil sample such as clay, silt, fine sand, coarse sand and gravel. The amounts are expressed as percentages by weight of dry soil. The hydrometer method (Day, 1965) was used for this report.

Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)

The USCS is a classification system based on the identification of soil materials according to their particle size, grading, plasticity index and liquid limit.

A full description of the system is given by Casagrande (1947).

The system is used to determine the suitability of soil materials for use in earthworks, optimal conditions for their construction, special precautions which may be needed and final batter grades to be used to ensure stability.

Descriptions used in Table 2 are:

CL Inorganic clays of low to medium plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays.

CH Inorganic clays of high plasticity, fat clays.

MH Inorganic silts, micaceous or diatomaceous fine, sandy or silty soils, plastic silts.

ML Inorganic silts and very fine sands, rock flour, silty or clayey fine sands with slight plasticity.

SC Clayey sands, poorly graded sand- clay mixtures.

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