Eight Point Wind Preliminary SWPPP...

PRELIMINARY

STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN

EIGHT POINT WIND ENERGY CENTER AND 115 KV TRANSMISSION LINE

FOR COMPLIANCE WITH

NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

SPDES GENERAL PERMIT GP‐0‐15‐002

FOR STORMWATER DISCHARGES FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

Location: Eight Point Wind Energy Center Towns of Greenwood and West Union Steuben County, New York 115 kV Transmission Line Towns of Greenwood, Hartsville and Hornellsville Steuben County, New York

Owner: Eight Point Wind, LLC

700 Universe Boulevard Juno Beach, FL 33408

Prepared by: TRC Environmental Corporation

225 Greenfield Parkway, Suite 115 Liverpool, NY 13088

November 2017

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Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Project Description and Facilities .............................................................................. 2

1.2 Owner/Operator Information ................................................................................... 4

1.3 General Project Information Summary ..................................................................... 5

2.0 CONSTRUCTION CONTACT LIST .......................................................................... 6

3.0 PROJECT AREA DESCRIPTION ............................................................................. 7 3.1 Site Location .............................................................................................................. 7

3.2 Waterbodies, Wetlands, TMDL Watersheds and Section 303(d) Waters ................. 7

3.3 Existing Site Conditions.............................................................................................. 9

3.4 Sequence and Timing of Construction Activities ..................................................... 10

4.0 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT CONTROLS ...................................................... 12 4.1 Authorized Non‐Stormwater Discharges ................................................................. 12

4.2 Prohibited Non‐Stormwater Discharges .................................................................. 13

4.3 Maintaining Surface Water Quality ......................................................................... 13

4.4 Potential Impacts for Stormwater Contamination .................................................. 13

4.5 Temporary and Permanent Erosion Control/Slope Stabilization Practices ............. 14

5.0 POST‐CONSTRUCTION STORMWATER MANAGEMENT MEASURES .................. 22

6.0 SPILL PREVENTION AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ................................... 23 6.1 Management of Spills and Releases ........................................................................ 23

6.2 Refueling and Vehicle Lubrication ........................................................................... 26

6.3 Solid Waste Management ....................................................................................... 27

7.0 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTIONS .................................................................. 28 7.1 Construction Site Inspection.................................................................................... 28

7.2 Environmental Supervision ...................................................................................... 30

7.3 Emergency Response Procedures ........................................................................... 30

8.0 AMENDMENTS ................................................................................................ 32

9.0 COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL REGULATIONS ..................... 33

10.0 CERTIFICATIONS .............................................................................................. 34

11.0 NOTICE OF INTENT (NOI) ................................................................................. 36

12.0 NYSDEC RECEIPT OF NOI .................................................................................. 37

13.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 38

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 6‐1. Potential Pollutant Sources for Construction Activities ............................................... 25

Table 7‐1. Fire Department and Emergency Management Team Contact Information ............... 31

LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

ATTACHMENT A CONSTRUCTION CONTACT LIST

ATTACHMENT B CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT (NYSDEC GP‐0‐15‐002)

ATTACHMENT C EXAMPLE INSPECTION REPORT

ATTACHMENT D EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLANS

ATTACHMENT E AMENDMENTS TO THE SWPPP (IF APPLICABLE)

ATTACHMENT F NOTICE OF INTENT (NOI)

ATTACHMENT G EVIDENCE OF NYSDEC RECEIPT OF NOI

ATTACHMENT H SPILL PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROCEDURES

ATTACHMENT I OTHER PERMITS, APPROVALS AND CORRESPONDENCE

ATTACHMENT J NOTICE OF TERMINATION (NOT)

ATTACHMENT K APPLICABLE EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PRACTICES

ATTACHMENT L OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (O&M) PLAN

ATTACHMENT M SOILS INFORMATION

Preliminary Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan Eight Point Wind, LLC Page 1 Eight Point Wind Energy Center

1.0 Introduction

Eight Point Wind LLC, has prepared this Preliminary Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for the Eight Point Wind Energy Center and its associated 115 kV transmission line (the Project). The Project will have a maximum generating capability of approximately 101.8 megawatts (MW) from 31 wind turbines located on land either leased or purchased from owners of private property located in the Towns of Greenwood and West Union in Steuben County, New York. The 115kV transmission line will run for approximately 16.5 miles through the Towns of Greenwood, Hartsville and Hornellsville in Steuben County, New York. The Applicant intends to construct, own, operate, and maintain all components of the Project. This Preliminary SWPPP has been prepared as an Appendix to the Article 10 Application (the Application) and will be finalized prior to construction of the Project. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) requires coverage under the

NYSDEC State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) General Permit for Stormwater Discharges

from Construction Activity (GP‐0‐15‐002) for any “construction activities involving soil disturbances of

one or more acres; including disturbances of less than one acre that are part of a larger common plan of

development or sale that will ultimately disturb one or more acres of land; excluding routine

maintenance activity that is performed to maintain the original line and grade, hydraulic capacity or

original purpose of a facility.”

This SWPPP has been prepared as part of the requirements for coverage under GP‐0‐15‐002. A Notice of

Intent (NOI) will be prepared and submitted to NYSDEC, Albany Main Office, certifying that the Project

will be in compliance with the technical requirements of GP‐0‐15‐002. The Project is not located with

the boundaries of a Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) community, therefore, MS4 review

and approval is not required.

The Contractor selected for this Project shall comply with the requirements of this SWPPP and shall

perform operations in strict conformance with the most current version of the New York State

Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control (SSESC; November 2016), the New York

State Stormwater Management Design Manual (SMDM; January 2015), and GP‐0‐15‐002, as required.

The Contractor, hired by the Owner/Operator, and/or its project‐specific subcontractor(s) to perform

earth‐disturbing activities (e.g., clearing, grading, excavating) will be required to acknowledge their

understanding of the contents of this SWPPP, obtain proof that they have a NYSDEC Trained Contractor,

as well as certify (with signature within Section 10.0 of this document) their commitment to perform all

operations in conformance with all technical and relevant requirements of GP‐0‐15‐002 included herein.

A copy of NYSDEC Permit GP‐0‐15‐002 is provided in Attachment B.

The purpose of stormwater management is to prevent erosion both on the construction site itself and

on adjacent undisturbed areas, and to prevent sedimentation of natural watercourses and undisturbed

areas. This is generally accomplished through both stabilization and structural control practices.

Stormwater management also addresses other pollution prevention using measures for acceptable

material containment as well as using good housekeeping practices on the construction site. This SWPPP

also addresses the stormwater management for post‐construction stormwater discharges for new

impervious surfaces. Final post‐construction stormwater design will be included in the Final SWPPP.


In accordance with GP‐0‐15‐002, documented site inspections will be performed to ensure all required

erosion and sediment control measures are in place, properly positioned, and in good condition (see

Attachment C for an example inspection form). Those inspections will be continual for the duration of

the construction phase, or until earth‐disturbing construction activities have been discontinued and

Final Stabilization (including acceptable ground cover) has been established.

The purpose of the SWPPP is to establish requirements and instructions for the management of

construction‐related stormwater discharges. NYSDEC’s Best Management Practices (BMPs) (i.e.,

NYSDEC’s SSESC, SMDM) are one of the major components of this SWPPP and, as such, will be

incorporated in order to mitigate for potential pollutants, sediments, and stormwater peak flows, and to

dissipate stormwater velocities. SWPPP construction drawings showing the location and placement of

BMPs will be provided in the Final SWPPP as Attachment D.

This SWPPP outlines the requirements necessary for proper stormwater management during

construction of the Project. This SWPPP is a living document that is able to be amended for unforeseen

circumstances. The Final SWPPP construction drawings will be included within Attachment D of the Final

SWPPP and will address the worst case scenario for soil exposures. Many variables such as weather and

construction sequencing may alter the requirement for more or less temporary practices. If

unanticipated site conditions warrant additional or reduced practices, the Owner/Operator, in

consultation with the Project Civil Engineer and/or Qualified Inspector, will be required to implement

those measures in accordance with the SSESC and the SMDM. Frequent communication between the

Owner/Operator, Contractor(s) and the Qualified Inspector are essential for effective implementation of

the SWPPP.

A copy of the General Permit (GP‐0‐15‐002), NOI, NYSDEC Acknowledgement Letter, this SWPPP, and

inspection reports must be maintained at the Project Site during construction until all disturbed areas

have achieved final stabilization and a Notice of Termination (NOT) has been submitted to the NYSDEC.

The documents must be maintained in a secure location, such as a job trailer, on‐site construction office,

or mailbox with lock. The secure location must be accessible during normal business hours to an

individual performing a compliance inspection. Because the Project covers a large area and includes the

construction of many linear features (i.e., collection lines and transmission line), activity may be at a

distance from the job trailer, operation and maintenance building, or marshalling yard.

1.1 Project Description and Facilities

The Eight Point Wind Energy Center is located in the Towns of Greenwood and West Union, and the 115

kV transmission line is located in the Towns of Greenwood, Hartsville and Hornellsville in Steuben

County, New York. The Project will consist of the construction of no more than 31 wind turbines with

associated infrastructure, including access roads, 34.5 kilovolt (kV) collection lines, 115 kV electric

transmission line that is subject to NYS Article VII approval an associated collection line substation, Point

of Interconnection (POI) facilities and upgrades, permanent meteorological towers, staging/laydown

yards, temporary concrete batch plants, and an Operations and Maintenance (O&M) building.

Descriptions of each Project Facility are included below.


Wind Turbines: The Project will utilize primarily General Electric (GE) 3.43 MW wind turbines and also utilize four GE 2.3 MW wind turbines. The turbines are three‐bladed, upwind, horizontal‐axis wind turbines. The 3.43 MW wind turbines have a rotor blade diameter of 137 meters (449.4 feet). The turbine rotor and nacelle will be mounted on top of a 110 meter (360.8 feet) tubular steel tower. Each wind turbine will be capable of generating up to 3.43 MW of electricity. The 2.3 MW wind turbines have a rotor blade diameter of 116 meters (380.5 feet) and a 94‐meter (308.3 feet) tubular steel tower. Please see Exhibit 6 of the Application for specific information relating to the wind turbines, and Exhibit 11 for design details. Access Roads: Roads used to access turbine sites will follow existing farm roads and trails where practicable in order to minimize the need for new roads. Temporary access roads used during construction will be gravel surfaced and approximately 32 feet (9.8 meters) wide to accommodate the movement of component delivery. Following the completion of construction, the temporary access roads will be restored to a narrower width of 16 feet (4.9 meters) for permanent operations and maintenance purposes. The total length of access roads is approximately 14.2 miles. Collection Lines: The 34.5 kV collection lines will connect the wind turbines with the Project collection substation. The total length of collection line being included as part of the Application for the Project is approximately 34.8 miles; however, approximately 3.7 miles is considered alternate at this time, as the Applicant is considering two to three potential routes to electrically connect Turbines 18, 19, 20, 27, 31 and Alternate Turbine 4. Only one route between these turbine’s locations will be selected, designed, and constructed. The vast majority of the collection lines will be installed underground (approximately 30.4 miles) via direct burial. Project Collection Substation: The onsite 34.5 kV collection lines will gather the power from all the wind turbines and transport it to a new centrally located Project collection substation where the power will be transformed to 115 kV and connected to the Article VII jurisdictional interconnecting transmission line. The collection substation will be located near the northeast corner of King Hill Road and Christian Hollow West Union Road in the Town of Greenwood. The construction of the collection substation is anticipated to encompass approximately 0.5 acres of an existing open field. Meteorological Towers: The Project will utilize one to two permanent meteorological towers, located west of Turbines 5 and 21. The structures will be steel lattice towers approximately 110‐meters (360.8‐feet) in height. Staging/Laydown Yards: The Project layout includes up to six temporary construction staging/laydown yards within the Project Area. Five of the areas are between five and eight acres in size and one is approximately 14 acres. They are centrally located to either the northern or southern sectors of the Project Area in order to facilitate delivery, storage and fabrication of Project components. Operations and Maintenance Building: The Operations and Maintenance (O&M) building will be located within the Project Area, immediately north of King Hill Road to the east of Christian Hollow West Union Road in Greenwood. The O&M site will also host parking and storage areas and will support the permanent O&M staff. The building will be an approximately 5,000 square foot single story structure.


1.2 Owner/Operator Information

Eight Point Wind, LLC is the Owner/Operator of the Project:

Eight Point Wind, LLC (Headquarters)

700 Universe Blvd., FEW/JB

Juno Beach, FL 33408

Telephone: (561) 304‐5201

Fax: (561) 691‐2988

Email: [email protected]

Personnel responsible for implementation of this SWPPP and associated documents will be identified in

Attachment A.

Upon completion of the construction activities and final stabilization of the site (i.e., with 80%

vegetation cover and/or completed as designed with no erosion or sediment control issues), the

Owner/Operator shall complete and submit a NOT to the NYSDEC. A blank copy of the NOT is included

herein as Attachment J, to be completed when construction activities have concluded, and when final

stabilization has been achieved.

If the Owner/Operator transfers the Project to a new Owner prior to the completion of the Project, the

new Owner/Operator will need to file a new NOI. Once the new Owner or Operator obtains coverage

under the permit, the original Owner or Operator will be required to file a NOT.


1.3 General Project Information Summary

Project Location: Eight Point Wind Energy Center Towns of Greenwood and West Union Steuben County, New York 115 kV Transmission Line Towns of Greenwood, Hartsville and Hornellsville Steuben County, New York

Project Name: Eight Point Wind Energy Center Owner/Operator: Eight Point Wind, LLC Site Map: See Figure 3‐2 of the Application for the location of the wind farm

Project Area and the proposed Article VII Transmission Line Estimated Disturbed Area: To be determined based on final design documents. Existing Surface Conditions: Varies: maintained and fallow agricultural fields, dirt and gravel farm

roads, and deciduous/coniferous forests, etc. Final Area: Permanent access roads leading to wind turbines, vegetated electrical

transmission right‐of‐way (ROW), active and fallow agricultural areas, and new substation and point of interconnection.

Stockpile Locations: Soil stockpiling will be located adjacent to each turbine work locations.

These areas will be noted on the SWPPP Construction Drawings in the Final SWPPP.

Construction Phasing and Construction Sequence: The activities covered by this SWPPP will include eight stages.

Construction Sequencing is discussed in Section 3.5 of this SWPPP. Erosion and Sediment Control Plans: Final SWPPP construction drawings to be included in Attachment D of

Final SWPPP. On‐site storage: Equipment (commercial and private vehicles, cranes, excavators,

backhoes, etc.) and site‐specific materials (towers, nacelles, blades, foundation, transformers etc.). Bulk storage of materials will be staged at project marshalling yard(s) per Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) specification and company Environmental Health and Safety standards, whichever is greater.

Marshalling Yard: Final SWPPP construction drawings to be included in Attachment D of

Final SWPPP.


2.0 CONSTRUCTION CONTACT LIST

The construction site personnel contact list for the Project will be included in the Final SWPPP as

Attachment A. These personnel will have day‐to‐day operational control of stipulated activities to

ensure compliance with the SWPPP and GP‐0‐15‐002 conditions. The duties of these personnel include

one or more of the following:

Implement the SWPPP

Oversee maintenance practices identified as BMPs in the SWPPP

Conduct or provide for inspection and monitoring activities

Identify other (unanticipated) potential erosion, sediment, and pollutant sources during construction and ensure they are appropriately addressed

Identify any amendments to the SWPPP necessitated by field conditions and ensure they are implemented

Document all activities associated with implementation of this SWPPP and supporting documents.


3.0 PROJECT AREA DESCRIPTION

3.1 Site Location

The Project wind components will be located on land leased/owned from owners of private property

located in the Towns of Greenwood and West Union, Steuben County, New York. The 115 kV

transmission line will be new ROW in the Towns of Greenwood, Hartsville and Hornellsville, Steuben

County, New York. The Project is located within NYSDEC Region 8 jurisdiction. There is no Regulated

Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) associated with the Project.

3.2 Waterbodies, Wetlands, TMDL Watersheds and Section 303(d) Waters

The Project Area is located within both the Chemung River (USGS Hydrologic Unit 02050104, Tioga sub‐

basin) and Genesee River (USGS Hydrologic Unit 04130002, Upper Genesee sub‐basin) major drainage

basins of New York. No part of the Project directly discharge to a Section 303(d) waterbody referenced

in the GP‐0‐15‐002 Appendix E.

According to the NYSDEC, the Chemung River drainage basin covers an area of 2,600 square miles along

the border of New York and Pennsylvania. A majority of Steuben County is covered by this basin. The

Chemung River flows across the western section of the Southern Tier of New York before its confluence

with the Susquehanna River, which ultimately empties into the Chesapeake Bay and the Mid‐Atlantic

Ocean. In the Chemung Watershed, about 73% of river/waterbody miles, and 83% of lake, pond and

reservoir acres have been assessed (NYSDEC, 2007). Water quality measurements in the New York

portion of the Chemung River Watershed are classified as satisfactory. However, aquatic weed growth

and invasive species influxes have caused impacts to some of the larger lakes in the watershed. Various

nonpoint source pollutions from agricultural operations are the most frequently cited source of impacts

due to the mostly rural setting (NYSDEC, 2007).

The Genesee River drainage basin is found almost entirely within New York State. Only 15 miles of the

river and its tributaries originate in the Allegheny Plateau of Northern Pennsylvania (NYSDEC, 2003). The

river flows north for approximately 140 miles before emptying into Lake Ontario within the vicinity of

the City of Rochester. Water quality measurements in the Genesee River Watershed are also found to

be generally satisfactory. Water quality concerns in the watershed are mostly associated with urban and

industrial point source pollution in the vicinity of the City of Rochester. Agriculture and other nonpoint

sources become more pronounced within the largely rural areas heading southward and in a setting

shared by the Project Area.

Within the Chemung River drainage basin, the Project specifically occupies the Tioga Sub‐basin (USGS

Hydrologic Unit 02050104). Within the Genesee River drainage basin the Project occupies the Upper

Genesee Sub‐basin (USGS Hydrologic Unit 04130002). Watersheds included within Project limits are as

follows:

Tioga Sub‐basin

Bennets Creek (USGS Hydrologic Unit 0205010402)

Troups Creek (USGS Hydrologic Unit 0205010405)

Cowanesque River (USGS Hydrologic Unit 0205010408)


Upper Genesee Sub‐basin

Dyke Creek (USGS Hydrologic Unit 0413000202)

Cryder Creek (USGS Hydrologic Unit 0413000203)

3.2.1 Wetlands and Waterbodies

TRC surveyed and identified all wetlands and waterbodies (rivers or streams) at a minimum distance of

the anticipated limit of disturbance from the Project infrastructure (Delineation Study Area).

Disturbance limits included a 250‐foot radius around each turbine center point; a 200‐foot corridor for

proposed access roads, collection line, and transmission line routing; and a 100‐foot buffer around

construction areas for associated substations, laydown yards, and the O&M building. TRC investigated

approximately 3,629 acres of leased, private land for the Project and transmission facility. All current

wetland and stream delineations took place in the late summer and fall of 2016, spring of 2017, and

summer of 2017.

Based upon field investigations, TRC delineated a total of 159 wetlands within the Delineation Study

Area, totaling approximately 120.14 acres. Additionally, TRC delineated 143 streams within the

Delineation Study Area which totaled approximately 74,571.48 linear feet. Delineated wetland and

stream feature community types were categorized based off of the Cowardin classification system

(Cowardin et al., 1979). Delineated wetland and stream community types included palustrine emergent

wetland (PEM), palustrine scrub‐shrub wetland (PSS), palustrine forested wetland (PFO), palustrine open

water (PUB), riverine upper perennial (RUP), riverine intermittent (RI), and riverine ephemeral (REPH).

Based on observed hydrologic connectivity, 128 wetlands and 143 streams identified within the Study

Area are likely to be considered jurisdictional by the USACE under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.

Two wetlands, TRC‐delineated scrub‐shrub wetland FA‐W‐4 and scrub‐shrub wetland CL‐W‐30, appears

to fall under state jurisdiction pursuant to Article 24 of the Environmental Conservation Law (ECL).

Lastly, a total of 15 delineated streams are liekly to be protected under Article 15 of the ECL due to their

confirmation as waters classified as C(T) or above.

Based on observations made in the field by TRC wetland biologists, 31 wetlands are likely to be isolated

in the sense of physical connectivity to Waters of the US. However, in the determination of a significant

nexus; groundwater action, approximate distance to Waters of the US, and biological or chemical

connectivity are also taken into consideration. Therefore, final determination of jurisdictional status will

be made by the USACE.

Upon completion of final Project details, the Final SWPPP will be updated to include specific impacts to

delineated resources, as necessary.

Certain construction activities may result in temporary direct and/or indirect impacts to surface waters,

including the installation of access roads and turbine foundations, upgrading of existing roads,

installation of collection lines (aboveground and buried), and the development of temporary staging

areas and workspaces around turbine sites and substations. Direct impacts to surface waters include:

sedimentation and siltation due to activities such as excavating and grading, buried cable installation


resulting in waterbody bank and/or substrate disturbance, and direct placement of timber mats and/or

fill to accommodate road crossings.

Impacts related to the construction of access road and collection line crossings will be minimized by utilizing existing crossings and also crossing at narrow wetland and waterbody locations where feasible. Impacts have also been minimized by completely moving (i.e., re‐siting) Project components to avoid wetlands and waterbodies based on the results of the delineation efforts. Additionally, required stream crossings have been sited with existing access ways or along narrow sections of stream channel where practicable. Where Project components are adjacent to, or cross, wetlands, streams or drainage ditches/swales, appropriate sediment and erosion control measures will be installed and maintained in accordance with the Final SWPPP. The Applicant also proposes to install buried interconnect via horizontal directional drilling (HDD) under sensitive water resources, where practicable, to further reduce impacts.

3.3 Existing Site Conditions

3.3.1 Land Use and Topography

Land use adjacent to the Project Area consists of primarily of agricultural, forested, and rural residential

land. The topography of the Project Area fluctuates from flat to very steep slopes. The Project location is

described in further detail in Exhibit 4 (Land Use) of the Application.

3.3.2 Vegetation

The Project wind facilities and associated components are proposed on land comprised primarily of

forest land (49%), active agricultural land (42%), successional shrubland (3%), and old field (5%) along

with smaller amounts of barren/vacant land, open water, and wetland features (occupying less than

1%). The 115 kV transmission line will be all new ROW. No threatened, endangered, candidate, rare

plant species, or significant ecological communities were identified at the Facility Site. Therefore, Facility

construction and operation are not expected to result in adverse impacts to protected plants or

significant adverse impacts to ecological communities. Additional information regarding vegetative

community types in the vicinity of the Project is included in Exhibit 22 (Terrestrial Ecology and

Wetlands) of the Application.

Impacts to vegetative communities will occur as a result of construction, but have been minimized

consistently throughout the process of siting components. Impacts to ecological communities and

associated plant communities will occur through the clearing of vegetated areas to allow for safe and

effective Project related construction and activities. Although the siting of Project components will

result in the loss of plant community acreages, no specific plant community will be significantly reduced

in population or completely eradicated as a result of the Project. Project construction and operation are

not proposed to adversely impact any rare or protected plants or significantly impact any ecological

communities.

A majority of access roads, collection lines, and turbine locations have been sited along the edges of agricultural fields and forest/shrubland in order to minimize impacts to each specific habitat, and reduce the amount of fragmentation events in each vegetative community. Additionally, BMPs will be


implemented as part of construction and “no disturbance zones” will be identified during construction of the Facility to minimize or avoid disturbance impacts to plant communities. Most forest or scrubland areas that will be cleared for Project related construction will be allowed to revegetate in the operation phase of the Project.

3.3.3 Soils

Soils information for the Eight Point Wind Energy Center and the 115 kV transmission line were obtained

from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Web Soil

Survey and are included in this Preliminary SWPPP as Attachment M.

3.4 Sequence and Timing of Construction Activities

3.4.1 Phasing

The activities covered by this SWPPP will include eight phases:

1. Complete construction of access roads, to be used for construction and maintenance;

2. Construction of collection lines (mostly underground, and where necessary, above ground);

3. Design and construction of the collection substation;

4. Installation of tower foundations;

5. Installation of aboveground transmission line;

6. Tower placement and wind turbine setting;

7. Acceptance testing of facility; and

8. Commencement of commercial operation.

3.4.2 Erosion and Sediment Control Sequencing

1. Install temporary stabilized construction access.

2. Establish limits of site disturbance, including site clearings, stockpiled soil, access road, turbine work areas. Protect and maintain existing vegetation wherever possible.

3. Clear the woody vegetation.

4. Install perimeter sediment controls, as well as all other necessary temporary erosion and sediment control practices, prior to up‐gradient soil disturbances.

5. If applicable, route unpolluted flows around disturbed areas.

6. Grub project limits of disturbance and dispose of woody vegetation.

7. Strip topsoil and create stabilized stockpile onsite as identified in the Final SWPPP construction drawings within Attachment D.

8. Establish rough grade for the access road, post stormwater management practices, and turbine work areas, as necessary.


9. Apply temporary stabilization to all areas that will remain idle until final restoration. Complete access road construction.

10. Construct the proposed infrastructure (i.e. wind turbine, substation, operation and maintenance building, etc.).

11. Restore construction roads to final post construction design.

12. Complete soil restoration on all disturbed areas that are proposed to be vegetated in their final state. Decompact subsoil as needed, and apply previously stockpiled topsoil for final stabilization.

13. Apply permanent seed, mulch, and soil amendments.

14. When site has reached final stabilization, and after review and confirmation by the Qualified Inspector, the Contractor shall remove temporary erosion and sediment control measures.


4.0 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT CONTROLS

If not properly controlled, stormwater runoff can cause soil erosion and sediment transport within the

Project work area, as well as off‐site into down slope and low lying areas such as wetlands and

waterbodies. This can have a significant effect on water quality in these areas.

During construction activities, erosion and sediment controls will be installed to prevent erosion of the

soil surface and prevent water quality degradation in wetlands or streams. This will be accomplished by

minimizing the amount of ground cover and soil disturbed at any given time through utilization of the

BMPs described in this SWPPP, and complying with the provisions of the approved Project permits.

Where impacts are unavoidable, temporary erosion and sediment controls will be used to limit, control,

and mitigate construction related impacts. This SWPPP may be amended if the contractor so chooses to

utilize alternative NYS approved practices in place of the prescribed practices or to mitigate erosion and

sediment control as approved by the Qualified Inspector. Sediment and erosion controls must be

installed as the practice is specified within the SSESC. Improper installation of practices may result in an

increase of water quality impacts to nearby waterbodies or sedimentation impacts to undisturbed lands.

NYSDEC‐specified BMPs for addressing erosion and sediment control will be installed prior to, and

maintained in acceptable condition throughout the duration of, any soil disturbing activities. Those

temporary measures will be continually monitored and maintained until the permanent stabilization

within the affected area is established (i.e., 80% vegetative cover). At that point, temporary measures

will be removed from the site.

4.1 Authorized Non‐Stormwater Discharges

Discharges from the following sources are authorized provided that they are directed to a sediment

trapping device:

Clean wash water (does not contain soaps, detergents or solvents) from cleaning construction

vehicles and equipment.

Site dewatering (ground water) from pits, excavations, and trenches.

Sediment trapping devices shall be designed and located by the Contractor and approved by the

Qualified Inspector prior to installation. Sump pits (Dewatering Sump Pit, Pg.3.7, SSESC November 2016)

will be required to work in conjunction with the sediment trapping device.

If clean, potable water is discharged from the site for any reason, it shall be time released and spread

over an established grassed area prior to reaching off‐site areas. Acceptable practices to do so are

Geotextile Filter Bag (Geotextile Filter Bag, pg. 5.16, SSESC November 2016), or other temporary open

structures such as a line hay bale dewatering basin. Potable water shall not be discharged directly to a

natural waterbody or watercourse.

Water used for dust control shall be applied using appropriate quantities and methods. In that regard,

applied water to construction roads should not discharge off site, but merely wet the surface of the road

(Dust Control, Pg. 2.25 SSESC November 2016). No chemicals, soaps, detergents, and etc., shall be used.


4.2 Prohibited Non‐Stormwater Discharges

The following discharges are prohibited:

Wastewater from washout and cleanout of concrete, stucco, paint, form release oils, curing

compounds, and other construction materials. (It is a requirement of this SWPPP that these

materials be washed out into a containment area or tank on site (Concrete Truck Washout,

Pg.2.25, SSESC November 2016). All waste material must be disposed of off‐site in

accordance with Federal, State, and local requirements);

Fuels, oils, or other pollutants used in vehicle and equipment operation and maintenance;

Soaps or solvents used in vehicle and equipment washing; and

Toxic or hazardous substances from a spill or other release.

4.3 Maintaining Surface Water Quality

It is expected that compliance with this SWPPP and the General Permit, will prevent discharges of

pollutants which would cause or contribute to a violation of the surface water quality standards

contained in Parts 700 through 705 of Title 6 of Official Compilation of Codes, Rules and Regulations of

the State of New York. Potential violations include:

An increase in turbidity that will cause substantial visible contrast to natural conditions;

An increase of suspended, colloidal or settleable solids that will cause deposition or impair surface waters for their best usages; and

A residue from oil and floating substances, visible oil film, or globules of grease.

If there is evidence indicating that the stormwater discharges authorized by the General Permit GP‐0‐15‐

002 are causing, have reasonable potential to cause, or are contributing to a violation of surface water

quality standards; the Owner/Operator must take immediate corrective measures to eliminate the

water quality violation. The corrective action must be documented in the next SWPPP inspection report.

To address the surface water quality standard violation, the Owner/Operator may need to provide

additional information, include and implement appropriate controls from this SWPPP to correct the

problem, or obtain an individual SPDES Permit.

4.4 Potential Impacts for Stormwater Contamination

Any construction activities and processes that result either in the generation of stormwater or the

potential to add pollutants to run‐off are subject to the requirements of this document. This includes all

areas of land disturbed either through grading, excavating, or construction or material storage areas.

Water that comes in contact with the surface of the Project Site as a result of precipitation (snow, hail,

rain, etc.) is considered as stormwater associated with construction activity and is subject to the

requirements of this SWPPP.


Wind Tower and transmission construction typically requires the following general operations that have

the potential for erosion and sedimentation due to stormwater flows:

Construction Site Entrance – Vehicles leaving the Project Site can track soil onto public roadways.

Grading Operations – Exposed soils have the potential for erosion and discharge of sediment to off‐site

areas.

Fugitive Dust – Dust generated by vehicles can be deposited in wetlands and waterways.

Access Road Preparation, and Grading Activities – Maintenance and heavy use of access roads can

expose soils creating erosion potential.

Excavation – Earth disturbing activities for foundations, transmission structure installation, and the

creation of soil stockpiles with the potential for erosion. Excavations may also require dewatering, which

could result in concentrated flows and increased erosion.

Construction Vehicles – Refueling of vehicles may spill or drip gasoline and diesel fuel onto the ground.

On‐site maintenance of excavating equipment may drip hydraulic oil, lubricants, or antifreeze onto the

ground. See Section 6.0 for spill prevention and control procedures. Sediment tracking and the spread of

invasive species are also a concern with improperly maintained construction vehicles. Additional to

sediment tracking, is the control of dust on construct access road. All construction equipment should

utilize engineered construction access, however soil compaction could result in the temporary

constructing access areas resulting in limitations on revegetation.

Waste Management Practices – Typical construction projects often generate significant quantities of

solid waste. Much of it is expected to be in the form of material wrappings, personnel‐generated trash

and waste, and construction debris. See Section 5.3 for solid waste management practices.

4.5 Temporary and Permanent Erosion Control/Slope Stabilization Practices

4.5.1 General Principles

The Contractor shall follow the following general principles during the construction phase:

Protect and maintain existing vegetation wherever possible,

Minimize the area of disturbance by utilizing only the approved construction access and work areas.

If applicable, route unpolluted flows around disturbed areas

Install temporary erosion and sediment controls (silt fencing, etc.) per SWPPP construction drawings prior to construction activities,

Conduct excavation and construction activities with the mindset to minimize the time exposed soils are left un‐stabilized,

Inspect and maintain erosion and sediment control practices in proper condition. Stabilize idle areas with temporary stabilization practices as required,


Restore disturbed areas per stabilization specification and pre‐existing conditions,

Removal of erosion and sediment control practices pending final stabilization or available access.

Erosion and sediment controls have been incorporated in the design of the work with the objective of

reducing erosion, retaining sediment on‐site, filtering and reducing stormwater discharge, and

protecting resource areas and undisturbed areas. A combination of stabilization and structural practices

is included to meet these objectives, as described in detail below. A copy of the applicable SSESC

practices are included within Attachment K.

Although the SWPPP intends to be designed to the approved NYS technical standards, if an issue arises

that requires the use of a “non‐conforming practice”; the identification of any elements of the design

that are not in conformance with the design criteria within SSESC (2016), and the reason for the

deviation require NYS approval (typically NYSDEC, however the NYS Department of Public Service may

supersede approval). Information will be required that demonstrates that the deviation or alternative

design is equivalent to the technical standard. The SWPPP’s amendment log will recode the specific

change, and the erosion and sediment control plan will identify the SSESC required practice in

conformance. In the event that the alternative practices once suitable fails and the standard SSESC

practices are required, the Owner/Operator should be ready for the proper installation for the required

practice.

Some practices may be avoided pending the weather conditions and accelerated completion of

construction. For example, if soils are frozen over‐land access may not expose soils as predicted in the

“worst case scenario” of the erosion and sediment control plan. Water bars and silt fencing may be

reduced in these locations due to the use of the frozen soils. Another example is when construction of

transmission requires one time in and out access to complete work. Permanent restoration efforts in

place of temporary practices should be focused on in this situation.

4.5.2 Protection of Existing Vegetative Cover

Natural vegetation shall be preserved to the extent practicable. Where feasible, preserving natural

vegetation shall reduce soil erosion and maintain the inherent integrity of the site. Protection practices

may include fencing these areas with highly visible construction fencing to avoid vehicle traffic

(protecting Vegetation During Constructing, Pg. 2.26 SSESC November 2016).

4.5.3 Temporary Structural Sediment Controls

4.5.3.1 Silt Fence

It is anticipated that much of the erosion and sediment controls associated with the Project will consist

of silt fence installations. Silt fences are typically used to control sediment transport within stormwater

runoff by filtering sheet flow runoff into down slope areas. Silt fence consists of filter fabric supported

by anchored posts and is used as a temporary measure. The silt fence is installed along the down slope

edge of a disturbed area. Sheet flow runoff passes through the openings in the fabric, while sediment is

trapped and settles on the uphill side of the silt fence. Silt fences shall be placed, as appropriate, along


perimeter down slope areas that drain away from disturbed surfaces. All silt fences shall be placed as

close to the disturbed area as possible, but at least 10 feet from the toe of a slope to allow for

maintenance and roll down. Silt fence will be used where erosion would occur in the form of sheet

erosion and there is no concentration of water flowing to the barrier. The silt fence shall remain in place

until the area is permanently stabilized and the Project Engineer (or Qualified Inspector) directs that it

be removed. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to inspect and maintain all of the installed erosion and

sediment control practices. The Contractor shall remove and dispose of any sediment accumulations

and restore the area as directed by the Project Engineer (or Qualified Inspector).

4.5.3.2 Straw Bale Dikes

Straw bale dikes are another filtering sediment control practice that acts similar to a silt fence and are

used in similar conditions where erosion occurs in the form of sheet erosion and there is no

concentration of water flowing to the barrier. Straw bales shall be tightly packed in a linear fashion, and

each bale shall be secured with two stakes and will be embedded a minimum of four inches into the soil.

Bales shall be removed when the area is permanently stabilized so as not to block or impede storm flow

or drainage. The Contractor shall remove and dispose of any sediment accumulations and restore the

area as directed by the Project Engineer (or Qualified Inspector). At the time of restoration the straw

bales may be utilized for mulching seeded soils. Please refer to this specification on the SWPPP

construction drawings within Attachment D, and Attachment K).

4.5.3.3 Stockpiling

Temporary stockpiling of granular material (gravel, excavated spoils, select backfill, top soils, etc.) is

expected on‐site. These Stockpiling locations are required to be identified on the SWPPP construction

drawings with Attachment D. Stockpiling of granular material will not be permitted where it may pose a

health or safety risk to the general public or risk to the water quality of any waterbodies within the

vicinity of the Project (as determined by the Qualified Inspector). At all times during construction, any

stockpiled material susceptible to erosion and sedimentation will be appropriately protected with

sediment controls, mulching, temporary vegetation, or any other control measures deemed necessary

by the Qualified Inspector.

4.5.3.4 Stabilized Construction Access

At points where traffic will be entering or leaving the Project’s work area, a stabilized pad of 1‐4”

aggregate underlain by a layer of geotextile fabric will be used to reduce or eliminate the transport of

sediment off site and onto public streets as per SSESC (November 2016) guidance. The practice is

utilized to flex and clean tires while leaving the site. Additional maintenance shall be performed where

necessary, including stirring or sifting stone, laying down replacement layers of aggregate, washing of

vehicle wheels before leaving the site, temporary stabilization of approaching Project disturbed areas,

and routine removal of all sediment dropped or spilled onto the public road. Where equipment washing

is necessary, it will be done on an area stabilized with aggregate and the resulting wastewater captured

with an appropriate sediment trapping method. All sediment will be prevented from entering storm

drains, ditches, or watercourses.


Linear construction projects have many construction accesses for the Project, however at times earth

disturbances may not be applicable for all accesses. At times, electrical construction may operate

construction activities off of matting or a paved surface that dramatically reduces the possibility of

subjecting equipment to disturbed soils resulting in sediment tracking. When accessing areas within

frozen or snow packed conditions construction equipment may not come in contact with disturbed soils.

In these cases it may be pertinent not to install the typical construction entrance for an alternative

practice such as matting or frozen conditions. Deviations from the SSESC standard should be discussed

with the Qualified Inspector prior to utilizing the alternative practice. If the alternative practice

recommended is acceptable, documented reasoning and evidence that the alternative design is

equivalent to the technical standard is required within the SWPPP amendment table. The SWPPP’s

Erosion and Sediment Control Plan will identify the SSESC required practice in conformance, and will be

amended as necessary. In the event that the alternative practices once suitable for the alternative

practice fails and the standard SSESC practices is required, the Owner/Operator should be ready for the

proper installation for the required practice.

4.5.4 Temporary Non‐Structural and Structural Erosion Controls

Stabilization measures that shall or may be used during Project construction include non‐structural and

structural controls. Although work sites around structure locations are generally confined to small areas,

surface stabilization techniques shall be used during construction to reduce the potential of sediment

loading in stormwater runoff from disturbed areas. Stabilization practices shall be initiated by the end of

the next business day after disturbance has ceased and must be completed within 14 days in any portion

of the site where construction activities have temporarily or permanently ceased. All incomplete

disturbed areas that will be left exposed more than 14 days and not subject to construction activity will

receive temporary seeding as specified on the detail sheets of the SWPPP construction drawings. Where

construction activity shall resume on a portion of the site within 14 days from when the activities

ceased, then stabilization practices do not have to be initiated on that portion of the site where the

erosion hazard is low (such as adjacent to streams and wetlands, where steep grades or adverse soil

conditions are absent). If weather (i.e., significant snow cover or high winds) precludes the initiation of

stabilization, then such measures shall be undertaken as soon as practicable. Temporary and permanent

vegetative cover standards are provided in this section. If the Project receives permission form the

Regional NYSDEC office to disturb more than five acres of soil at any one time, the stabilization

threshold is reduced to a maximum of seven days. If greater than five acres are disturbed, stabilization

practices shall be initiated by the end of the next business day after disturbance has ceased and must be

completed within seven days in any portion of the site where construction activities have temporarily or

permanently ceased. All incomplete disturbed areas that will be left exposed more than seven days and

not subject to construction activity will receive temporary seeding as specified on the detail sheets of

the SWPPP construction drawings.

4.5.4.1 Mulch

Mulching is the placement of material, including but not limited to woodchips or straw, on the soil

surface to cover and hold in place disturbed soils. To avoid accidental introduction of invasive species,

no hay bales (grass forage) are to be used for mulch or sediment barriers. Mulch shall be spread

uniformly in a continuous blanket of sufficient thickness to hold the soil in place. Mulch may be spread


by hand, mechanical spreaders, or blowers. The use of blowers to spread straw should not be done on

excessively windy days. If at any time it is determined that the mulch has not stabilized the disturbed

area, the Contractor shall be responsible for re‐applying stabilization practices.

Anchored Stabilization Matting (formerly known as Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECP) or erosion

control blankets are required to be utilized on all slopes greater than 3:1, or where conditions for

erosion dictate such measures including: for protection of newly graded slopes, open areas, stream

banks, or drainage swales to allow germination of seed mixes and plantings where just mulching would

not provide adequate stabilization. The blanket materials are natural materials such as straw, wood

excelsior, or coconut to promote short term stabilization. Many RECP possess geotextile synthetic

woven materials such as polypropylene that will provide long term stabilization of steeper slopes.

Erosion control blankets will be installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

4.5.4.2 Temporary Seeding

Temporary vegetation cover (i.e., seeding) will be used to the maximum extent practicable for upland

areas. Seed not otherwise specified in the contract documents shall be quick growing (such as annual

rye grass) suitable to the area as a temporary cover that will not compete with the grasses sown for

permanent cover. If any legumes are to be used in a seed blend, they must be inoculated with the

bacterium that is required for their growth.

Prior to the application of the seed, the Contractor shall scarify all areas where compaction has

occurred. The seedbed shall be loose and friable for positive seed retention. Seed shall be spread

uniformly to cover the ground by any method of sowing that does not injure the seeds in the process of

spreading (broadcast by hand, hydro‐seeding, etc.). Mulch shall be spread immediately following

application of seed. Mulch and seed shall not be placed simultaneously, except in the case of hydro‐

seeding. Wetlands should not be seeded to maintain the native seed bank.

4.5.4.3 Water Bars and Stabilized Outlets

Water bars may be required within accesses on slopes to limit the accumulation of erosive velocities of

runoff by diverting surface runoff at pre‐designed intervals. This practice is especially helpful where

upland accesses are prone to rutting. However wind turbine/tower construction will have engineered

roadways for construction, transmission work will often utilize overland in place of the development of

permanent access. Water bars shall be installed per SSESC guidance. Water bars will have stabilized

outlets that do not block the intended flow to impound stormwater flows. Outlets should not be

constructed as a check dam that accumulates sediments.

4.5.4.4 Check Dams

The check dam practice is utilized within concentrated flows such as ditches or swales to reduce

velocities during un‐stabilized conditions. The check dam practice reduces or eliminates rill or gully

erosion within these concentrated areas. By reducing the concentrated flow velocities small pools are

formed that will drop suspended sediments on the upstream side of the check dam. Traditionally, check

dams are constructed of random sized interlocking angular stone atop a geo‐synthetic fabric. The

Contractor shall install, inspect and maintain the practice according to the SSESC. For check dam


structures within soft soils, including wetlands, a re‐useable “triangular silt dike” like product should be

considered to avoid the use of stone, which can be difficult to remove during restoration.

4.5.4.5 Matting

For temporary access, matting is often utilized to disperse vehicle loads on agricultural, lawn, and

wetland areas therefore eliminating rutting, soil compaction, and a reduction of restoration activities in

order to protect areas. Poorly drained upland soils including wetland transitional areas also may be

matted to reduce rutting and sediment. An additional benefit of matting in wetlands is that mats can be

arranged to act as a containment surrounding excavations. This may be especially helpful in standing

water situations were conventional erosion and sediment controls are not practicable.

It is important for the contractor to identify all poorly drained soils that would benefit from this practice.

Often matting is budgeted for wetland access, but the transitional soils outside the wetland are not

considered even though they too are poorly drained. The SWPPP specified wetland access does not

account for poorly drained or poorly structured soil that are not wetlands. Often, these transitional

areas experience severe rutting due to high traffic associated with the installation of the wetland access

matting. Additional matting may be needed but not required for access. Contractors that utilize soil

information can determine if unimproved access is capable to handle the increase in heavy equipment

traffic involved with wetland access matting installation. As a result, tracked sediments and restoration

efforts will be reduced.

Often the installation of matting is not installed adequately for the hydrology of the wetland access.

Headers and stringers are needed in deeper or open water wetlands to allow wetland inundation under

the matted drivable surface. The contractor should be cognizant of the hydrology of the area by

recognizing water staining and bank full indicators. The Qualified Inspector can assist in this

identification. If the wetland hydrology is not adequately planned for, submerged wetland matting will

create a “pumping” effect as vehicles pass resulting in disturbed wetland soils, turbidity and

sedimentation. This disturbance is a violation of the associated wetland permits. Although the presence

of matting in this situation is still better than the alternative, pumping matting will require additional

stabilization and sediment control practices not planned for in the Erosion and Sediment Control Plan

(Attachment D). Matting will need to be re‐installed, or access will be shut down until water recedes to

eliminate the erosion concern.

4.5.4.6 Dust Control

Most of the time dust can be controlled by minimizing speed of the construction traffic. In worse case

scenarios, high traffic areas shall be covered with clean gravel and exposed soils and roadways shall be

wetted as needed during extended dry periods to minimized dust generation. The contractor should be

cognizant that the installation of gravel to unimproved access may be considered an improvement, and

not maintenance. Also, the installation of gravel may be temporary to avoid the required post‐

construction stormwater controls necessary for the treatment of permanent impervious surfaces.


4.5.5 Restoration and Permanent Stabilization

4.5.5.1 Restoring Grade

Once construction is complete, exposed soils require final and permanent stabilization. According to

final design of the construction areas, structure work pads and access, soils should be graded smooth

and level to eliminate rutting and concentrated flows, puddling and uneven surfaces for future

maintenance activities. Unimproved areas should be restored to original grade unless permitted and

planned for required future maintenance. Conserved stockpiled topsoil should be utilized for

topdressing graded sub‐soils at excavation locations.

Agricultural Considerations

In agricultural areas of till over bedrock where blasting is required, the Project shall use matting or

controlled blasting to limit the dispersion of blast rock fragments. All blasted rock not used as backfill

shall be removed from croplands, hay lands and improved pastures. The till and topsoil shall be returned

in natural sequence to restore the soil profile. Farm owners/operators shall be given timely notice prior

to blasting on farm property.

In all agricultural sections of the Facility ROW disturbed during construction, the Project shall break up

the subsoil compaction to a depth of 18 inches (unless bedrock is encountered at a depth less than 18

inches) with deep tillage by such devices as a deep‐ripper (subsoiler). Final soil compaction results shall

not be more than 250 pounds per square inch (PSI) as measured with a soil penetrometer. After the

moisture of the soil profile on the affected portion of the Project area has returned to equilibrium with

the adjacent off‐ROW land, subsoil compaction shall be tested using an appropriate soil penetrometer

or other soil‐compaction measuring device. Following the deep ripping, all stone and rock material 4

inches and larger in size which has been lifted to the surface shall be collected and taken off site for

disposal. The topsoil that has been temporarily removed for the period of construction shall then be

replaced. Excess topsoil shall be distributed in agricultural areas of the site, provided this is practicable

and can be accomplished without having any adverse impact on site drainage. All such activity shall be

as directed based on guidance provided by the landowner. Finally, deep subsoil shattering shall be

performed with a subsoiler tool having angled legs. Stone removal shall be completed, as necessary, to

eliminate any additional rocks and stones brought to the surface as a result of the final subsoil

shattering process. Should subsequent construction and/or restoration activities result in compaction,

then restoration activities shall include additional deep tillage. On affected farmland, restoration

practices shall be postponed until favorable (workable, relatively dry) topsoil/subsoil conditions exist.

Restoration shall not be conducted while soils are in a wet or plastic state. Stockpiled topsoil shall not be

regraded until plasticity, as determined by the Atterberg field test, is significantly reduced. No

restoration activities shall occur in agricultural fields between the months of October through May

unless favorable soil moisture conditions exist. Potential schedules shall be determined by conducting

the Atterberg field test at appropriate depths into topsoil stockpiles, and below the traffic zone for a

mutual determination of adequate field conditions for the restoration phase of the Project. After topsoil

replacement, seedbed preparation (final tillage, fertilizing, liming) and seeding shall follow either

Ag&Mkts recommendations as contained in Fertilizing, Lime and Seeding Recommendations for


Restoration of Construction Projects on Farmlands in New York State (revised 9‐25‐2012) or landowner

specifications.

4.5.5.2 Permanent Mulching

If soils are soft, mechanical mulching may not be available due to the inevitable rutting with mulching

equipment. Mulching requirements are identical to those previously mentioned in temporary erosion

controls in Section 4.5.4.1

4.5.5.3 Permanent Stabilization

Any upland areas that are disturbed shall be stabilized using permanent seed mix as specified in the

SSESC, unless directed otherwise in associated permitting.

4.5.6 Temporary Stabilization for Frozen Conditions

All erosion and sediment controls must be installed and maintained according to the NYS SSESC (2016).

The additional items for frozen conditions to consider are:

Site Stabilization ‐ Mulching should be tracked into the soil prior to frozen conditions, or anchored with natural fiber netting. Application of mulching should be performed prior to significant snow fall. Accumulated snow and frozen conditions alone are not considered stabilization.

Slopes ‐ All slopes and grades must be properly stabilized with approved methods. Rolled erosion control products must be used on all slopes greater than 3:1, or where conditions for erosion dictate such measures.

Soil Stockpiles ‐ Stockpiled soils must be protected by the use of established vegetation, anchored‐down mulch, rolled erosion control products, or other durable covering. Sediment controls must be installed downslope of the pile to control sedimentation to undisturbed locations.

Construction Entrance ‐ All entrance and exit locations to the site must be properly stabilized and must be maintained to accommodate snow management as set forth in the SSESC.

Snow Management ‐ Snow management must not destroy or degrade erosion and sediment control practices. Plowing performed should not migrate placed crushed stone or accumulated matting debris within waterbodies, conveyances or protected areas.

Heaving frost, frozen ground winter conditions, and equipment can affect erosion and sediment control

practices. Erosion and sediment control devices must be checked for damage during monthly

inspections and repairs made as necessary. This is especially important during thaws and prior to spring

rain events. Regular inspections must resume as soon as soil disturbance activities resume as directed by

GP‐0‐15‐002.


5.0 POST‐CONSTRUCTION STORMWATER MANAGEMENT MEASURES

This SWPP anticipates the requirement to develop Post Construction Stormwater Management

Practices. The required post stormwater construction practices will be sized and graded on the SWPPP

Construction Plans as part of Final Design.


6.0 SPILL PREVENTION AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Proper material storage, handling, and disposal practices coupled with spill prevention, control, and

countermeasure procedures shall be implemented during the construction period to reduce the risk of

exposure of materials and hazardous substances to stormwater or other environmental resources.

Good housekeeping is a major component of the pollution prevention program for the Project. Litter,

construction debris, oils, and chemicals shall be prevented from exposure to stormwater and from

becoming a pollutant source. All oils, hazardous materials, waste, and unused materials shall be

removed from the work site at the completion of the job.

The Qualified Inspector shall conduct inspections of active construction sites to identify exposure of

potential pollutants to stormwater and ensure any problems identified are corrected. The storage,

handling, and disposal procedures to be enforced by the Qualified Inspector are described in the

subsections below.

6.1 Management of Spills and Releases

Should a fuel, oil, or chemical spill occur during the Project, the Contractor will be responsible for

reporting the spill or release in accordance with State, Federal, and local regulations. The NYSDEC Spill

Hotline 1‐800‐457‐7362, shall be contacted as applicable, within two hours of the release. The

contractor is responsible for retaining a log with the NYS spill number in order to provide information to

an environmental representative of Eight Point Wind, LLC. The Contractor is also responsible for any and

all response actions. Any contaminated soil shall be removed from the worksite and disposed of in

accordance with product specific MSDS and NYSDEC guidance. Refer to Attachment H for the reporting

and clean up procedures for accidental spills. In addition, should a release of hazardous substances or oil

occur, the District Environmental Engineer (see Contact List in Attachment A) will be notified

immediately. Measures to prevent reoccurrence of such releases will be identified in the SWPPP.

Chemical Bulk Storage (CBS), handling and construction regulations apply to hazardous substances (see

definition below) which are stored in stationary aboveground tanks 185 gallons or greater, all

belowground tanks, and, nonstationary tanks storing 1000 kg or greater for a period of 90 consecutive

days or more.

Spills of petroleum products, chemicals and other hazardous materials shall be reported in accordance

with State, Federal, and local regulations. If a spill occurs at the site during construction the Contractors

shall contact the NYSDEC Spill Hotline (1‐800‐457‐7362). The following material management practices

are to be used by the Contractors to reduce the risk of spills or other accidental exposure of pollutants

to stormwater runoff during construction:

Products including, but not limited to, building materials, building products, construction waste, trash, landscaping materials, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, detergents, and sanitary waste shall be stored under a roof or other cover.

Products shall be securely stored in their original containers, or as recommended by the manufacturer, and labeled appropriately.


The amount of product stored on site will be appropriate for usage on the site. Do not bring excessive quantities to the site for storage.

Whenever practical, products are to be used up or containers resealed before proper disposal of contents and containers off‐site. Empty containers shall remain under cover until proper disposal.

Substances are not to be mixed with one another unless recommended by the manufacturer.

Dispose of surplus product and empty containers in accordance with manufacturers’ recommendations and applicable regulations and/or permit conditions. Do not discharge any substances into the storm sewer.

On‐site vehicles are to be monitored for leaks and receive regular preventative maintenance to reduce the chance of leakage of petroleum products. Petroleum products are to be stored in closed containers that are clearly labeled.

Used oils are to be disposed of properly.

In addition to the material management practices discussed above, the following practices are to be

followed by the Contractors for spill preparedness and cleanup.

Spills are to be reported and cleaned up immediately after discovery.

Manufacturers’ recommended methods for spill cleanup are to be followed in case of a spill, including the use of appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for materials at the site provide information on spill cleanup and should be stored in the project office or other accessible location.

Materials and equipment necessary for spill cleanup are to be kept in designated material storage areas onsite. Spill response materials are to include items such as brooms, dust pans, mops, rags, gloves, goggles, spill control materials, sand, sawdust, disposal containers specifically for spill cleanup, and other response materials dependent on the materials stored at the site.

If a spill does occur at the site, a spill report is to be completed and filed with this SWPPP. Include the date, a description of the spill, the cause, and the corrective actions taken.

Utilized spill materials should be disposed of per the collected material’s MSDS information.

6.1.1 Potential Pollutant Sources

Table 5‐1 summarizes the types of materials that may be found at the work sites during construction

activities for the Project. This table will be updated per the expected materials and quantities to be

stored on site.


Table 6‐1. Potential Pollutant Sources for Construction Activities

Pollutant Quantity Container and Storage

Description

Medium Weight Used Oil Containers shall be kept on pallets. Open Containers are to be located under cover.

Used Oil

Mineral Oil

Gearbox Oil

Hydraulic Fluid

Thinners/Solvents/Xylene/Methyl

Ketone/Acetone (substation only)

Paint

Gasoline 5‐gallon steel containers located inside secondary containment for chainsaws, pumps, etc.

Mobile fueling truck w/ spill kit on board, no full time storage. Petroleum Bulk Storage (PBS) over 10,000 gallons requires secondary containment. If the tanks are closer than 500 feet to any of the above resources, the tank owner should consider installing a secondary containment system.

Mobile fueling truck w/ spill kit on board, no full time storage.

Diesel Fuel

Diesel Exhaust Fuel (Urea and Deionized water)

Containers shall be kept on pallets. Open Containers are to be located under cover. Herbicides

Solid Waste (litter and construction debris)

Covered dumpsters.

Sanitary Waste Portable facilities.


6.1.2 Chemical and Oil Management

The Project will adhere to a Project‐specific Preliminary Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure

(SPCC) Plan in order to minimize the potential for the release of hazardous chemicals during

construction and operation of the Project. Exhibit 23 of the Application includes additional information

regarding groundwater. Appendix 16‐1 of the Application contains a copy of NextEra’s Preliminary SPCC

Plan, which will be updated to address the Project prior to construction.

6.1.3 DebrisManagementPractices

During the pole replacement activities, work crews will be required to promptly cleanup debris and trash

as they move from one work location to the next. The clearing, construction, and restoration contractors

shall continually remove and properly dispose of, at an approved site, all refuse from the site during all

phases of the construction process to ensure that no refuse remains on the site at Project completion.

The Contractor is reminded that there is to be no burning of crates or other refuse on the Facility Site.

The Contractor will notify the Qualified Inspector of all proposed refuse disposal locations. When

construction and restoration are complete, the site will be free of all construction debris, with

temporary structures, material, equipment, and all other items specified to be removed. The Qualified

Inspector will review debris removal on a continual basis during construction, and will conduct a follow

up site review after completion of each phase of work with the Contractor to assure that all the debris

has been removed.

6.2 Refueling and Vehicle Lubrication

Vehicles requiring refueling or lubrication shall be brought to a portion of the site away from

environmentally sensitive areas (such as wetlands, storm drains, culverts, wells, etc.). All construction

equipment shall be refueled at least 100 feet from a waterbody, wetland, rare species habitat, or unique

natural community and in an upland area away from conveyance channels. The Contractor shall take

precautions to ensure that drips, spills, or seeps do not enter the ground. The use of absorbent towels

and/or a portable basin beneath the fuel tank is recommended. Refueling activities shall be performed

under continual surveillance with extreme care.

Where there is no reasonable alternative, refueling may occur within these setbacks, but only under the

observation of the Qualified Inspector or Trained Contractor and after proper precautions are taken to

prevent an accidental spill. Drip pans shall be used and a supply of absorbent pads shall be available and

utilized, as required. In the event of a release, the spill shall be promptly cleaned up in accordance with

the spill response and clean up procedures identified in Attachment H.

6.2.1 Construction Equipment

All on‐site construction vehicles including Contractor employee vehicles shall be monitored for leaks and

shall receive regular preventative maintenance to reduce the risk of leakage. Any equipment leaking oil,

fuel, or hydraulic fluid shall be repaired immediately or removed from the site. Construction equipment

and Contractor personal vehicles shall be parked at least 100 feet from a wetland, river, creek, stream,

lake, reservoir, spring, well or other ecologically sensitive site, or existing recreational area along the


proposed rights‐of‐way at the end of the working day except where it is necessary to maintain

continuity of construction.

Petroleum products and hydraulic fluids that are not in vehicles shall be stored in tightly sealed

containers that are clearly labeled. All gasoline and fuel storage vessels with greater than a 25‐gallon

capacity must have secondary containment constructed of an impervious material and be capable of

holding 110% of the vessel capacity.

All equipment shall have sufficient spill containment equipment on board to provide for prompt control

and cleanup, in the event of a release.

6.3 Solid Waste Management

6.3.1 Solid Waste

The Contractor shall comply with all required regulations governing the onsite management and off‐site

disposal of solid wastes generated during construction of the Project. A solid waste management

program will be implemented that encourages and supports proper solid waste disposal and recycling

practices through the placement of appropriate on‐site containers. Solid waste and debris that cannot

be recycled, reused, or salvaged shall be stored in on‐site containers for off‐site disposal. No loose

materials shall be allowed at the jobsite and all trash must be disposed of in the dumpster. The

prospective waste hauling/disposal contractors shall be required to provide documentation showing

they have all necessary permits/licenses in place prior to being awarded the work.

6.3.2 Sanitary Waste

The Contractor shall have portable sanitary facilities (such as port‐a‐potties) during a conventional

construction project according to current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”)

regulation (29 CFR 1926.51. Paragraph (c) of §1926.51, “Toilets at construction jobsites”). These facilities

shall be maintained under contract with a licensed vendor. Prospective vendors shall be required to

provide documentation to Eight Point Wind, LLC showing they have all necessary licenses in place prior

to being awarded the work.

6.3.3 Hazardous Waste

The Contractor shall comply with all required regulations governing the onsite management and off‐site

disposal of hazardous wastes generated during construction of the Project. This material may include

spill response cleanup materials including contaminated soils. Any contaminated soil shall be removed

from the worksite and disposed of in accordance with product specific MSDS and NYSDEC guidance.

Potential waste hauler/disposal contractors shall be required to provide documentation showing that

they have all necessary licenses in place prior to being awarded any work. Contractors often have multi‐

project marshalling yards where the storage of hazardous materials are accumulated for disposal.

Materials shall be accounted for each individual project.


7.0 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTIONS

Inspections will be conducted to ensure that BMPs are maintained in effective operating condition at all

times. Visual inspections of all BMPs on the construction site will be performed by the Project’s

designated Qualified Inspector in accordance with GP‐0‐15‐002. The Qualified Inspector designated in

Attachment A of this SWPPP will conduct the inspections and will have sole authority over the

appropriateness and adequacy of all required stormwater management controls during construction.

The inspections are intended to verify that the in‐place BMPs are in good condition and are minimizing

erosion or sedimentation. The inspection reports will identify action items, recommend corrective

actions to established planned BMPs as required, or identify whether additional BMPs are necessary to

prevent stormwater contamination based on site conditions. A sample copy of the inspection report

form is provided in Attachment C. Completed forms will be provided to the Owner/operator, on‐site

supervisor, and associated contractors. The inspections will be maintained at the onsite office (i.e.,

construction trailer, mail box, etc.) during the entire Project.

To reduce the frequency of the site inspections due to construction activity shut down, the Contractor

must complete the applicable temporary stabilization for all disturbed areas. The Qualified Inspector

shall conduct monthly inspections until activities resume. For construction sites where soil disturbance

activities have been shut down with partial project completion, the Qualified Inspector can stop

conducting inspections if all areas disturbed as of the project shutdown date have achieved final

stabilization. The Owner/Operator must notify the NYSDEC Regional Office stormwater contact person

in writing, prior to reducing the frequency of inspections.

If a portion of the site/Project Area is permanently stabilized, inspections can cease in that area as long

as the condition has been documented by amending the SWPPP.

7.1 Construction Site Inspection

The Owner will be responsible to provide a qualified inspector to inspect erosion and sediment control

practices, post construction stormwater management practices that are under construction, disturbed

areas, and all points of discharge from the construction site. Specifically the qualified inspector shall:

Inspect all erosion and sediment control practices to ensure integrity and effectiveness,

Verify that erosion and sediment control practices required by the SWPPP and the General Permit have been installed as appropriate for the phase of work and conditions at the site,

Ensure that post‐construction stormwater management practices are installed in accordance with the SWPPP,

Inspect all areas of disturbance that have not achieved final stabilization, and

Observe all points of discharge from the site, including natural surface waterbodies located within or immediate adjacent to the construction site, conveyance systems and overland flow.


The Qualified Inspector shall also take color digital photographs, with a date stamp, that clearly

represent the conditions of erosion and sediment control practices and stormwater management

practices that have been identified as needing corrective actions and of practices that have had

corrective actions since the last inspection. These photographs shall be attached to the inspection form

within seven calendar days of the inspection.

If corrective actions are needed, the qualified inspector must notify the Owner and the appropriate

Contractor within one business day of completing the inspection. The Contractor shall begin

implementing the corrective action within one business day of receiving notification and complete it

within seven calendar days following the date of the inspection. Additional mitigation measures are to

be implemented by the Contractors if necessary due to site conditions to minimize sediment transport

or discharge of sediment laden runoff off‐site.

The qualified inspector shall complete inspection at least once every seven calendar days. If

authorization to disturb greater than five acres of soil at one time is received, the qualified inspector

shall conduct at least two site inspections every seven calendar days. There shall be a minimum of two

full calendar days between inspections. An Inspection Report Form for conducting the inspections is

included in Appendix C Completed inspection reports are to printed in color, and remain on file at the

Project Site with the Final SWPPP.

Temporary Construction Shutdown

If soil disturbing activities have been temporarily suspended, such as for winter shutdown, and

temporary stabilization measures have been applied to all disturbed areas, the Owner may reduce

inspections to a minimum of one inspection every 30 calendar days. The Owner shall notify the NYSDEC

Division of Water program contact at the NYSDEC Regional Office in writing prior to reducing the

frequency of inspections. There is no MS4 associated with the Project. The Owner shall resume

inspections in accordance with this section as soon as soil disturbance activities resume.

Final Site Inspection

The Project civil engineer (or engineer of record) shall perform a final inspection of the site to certify

that post‐construction stormwater management practices have been constructed in conformance with

the SWPPP.

Prior to certification, the Contractors at their own cost, shall supply as‐built topographic surveys of all

post‐construction stormwater management practices to document that the stage/storage relationship

has been met. As‐builts shall also show rims, inverts, orifice, pipe sizes and elevations, etc. Upon

satisfactory completion of the final site inspection, the Project civil engineer shall sign the appropriate

sections of the NOT form (Attachment J). The NOT shall be filed with the NYSDEC when the Project is

permanently stabilized. The NOT requires certification from the qualified inspector that the site has

been stabilized and that all post‐construction practices have been constructed in conformance with the

SWPPP. Preliminary Post‐Construction maintenance and inspection checklists have been included in

Appendix L for reference.


7.2 Environmental Supervision

A Qualified Inspector will monitor construction in accordance with GP‐0‐15‐002 throughout the

construction and restoration period for the Project. The Qualified Inspector shall have sufficient

knowledge and experience to manage the environmental compliance procedures described in this

SWPPP. Requirements for the Qualified Inspector shall be those described in Appendix A of GP‐0‐15‐

002.

The Qualified Inspector will be responsible for monitoring Contractor compliance with the provisions of

the SWPPP. The Qualified Inspector will be equipped with sufficient documentation, transportation, and

communication equipment to effectively monitor construction.

A Qualified Inspector will provide environmental “look ahead” consulting and oversight for access and

work activities during these construction activities, and will perform the necessary SWPPP inspections.

The Qualified Inspector will advise construction crews on wetland access, including the use of low‐

ground pressure equipment or the placement of “swamp mats”; will supervise re‐graded areas and soil

excavation (the segregation of topsoil from mineral soil); assess field conditions for the potential for

sedimentation to any nearby wetlands, streams, or waterbodies; assist in determining whether erosion

or sediment barriers are necessary at work or disturbance locations adjacent to wetlands, streams, or

waterbodies; and, will determine long‐term soil stabilization measures.

In addition, the Contractor shall identify a NYSDEC trained contractor. The qualifications for these key

personnel are identified in GP‐0‐15‐002 and require relevant stormwater training. The trained

contractor is responsible for inspecting the erosion and sediment control practices and pollution

prevention measures being implemented within the active work area daily to ensure that they are being

maintained in effective operating condition at all times. If deficiencies are identified, the contractor shall

begin implementing corrective actions within one business day and shall complete the corrective actions

in a reasonable time frame.

7.3 Emergency Response Procedures

Eight Point Wind, LLC or its Contractor shall coordinate with local fire officials regarding on‐site fire

safety and emergency response. The Construction Contractor shall keep Eight Point Wind, LLC’s

Construction Supervisor, the Qualified Inspector apprised of chemicals (for example, herbicides) and

waste on site, and periodically conduct safety inspections at the construction sites that focus on

housekeeping issues and spill prevention. Refer to Attachment H for Eight Point Wind, LLC’s procedures

regarding immediate and follow‐up reporting of environmental spills or releases of petroleum products

or hazardous substances.

A contact list of local fire department and emergency management teams is included in Table 6‐1 below.

In the event of an emergency, please call 9‐1‐1.


Table 7‐1. Fire Department and Emergency Management Team Contact Information

Municipality Fire Department Police Department Medical Emergency

New York State Police – Bath

N/A 607‐776‐2136 N/A

Steuben County N/A Steuben County

Sheriff’s Department607‐622‐3930

St. James Mercy Hospital

607‐324‐8000

Town of Greenwood Greenwood Volunteer

Fire Company 607‐225‐4570

N/A N/A

Town of West Union West Union Fire Hall

607‐225‐4515 N/A N/A

The highest priority will be placed on safety at the construction site. The Field Construction Contractor

shall ensure that a reputable safety program is in place that includes, but is not limited to, safety training

for new hires, onsite safety meetings and inspections, accident/injury reporting, spill prevention and

response procedures, and first aid practices. Additionally, the use of safety gear (i.e., hardhats, safety

glasses, safety vests, steel toed shoes, etc.), equipment, and devices necessary to comply with the Eight

Point Wind, LLC and OSHA programs shall be enforced at the construction site.


8.0 AMENDMENTS

This SWPPP shall be kept current so that it at all times accurately documents the erosion and sediment

control practices that are being used or will be used during construction. This SWPPP, including the

SWPPP construction drawings, will be amended whenever there is a change in design, construction,

operation, or maintenance that has or could have a significant effect on the discharge of pollutants that

has not been previously addressed in the SWPPP. Dates of certain construction activities such as major

grading activities, clearing, and initiation of and completion of stabilization measures should also be

recorded. If a portion of the site has reached final stabilization (i.e., completed as designed, or with 80%

of background vegetative cover), it can be documented and marked on the plans as stabilized.

Inspections no longer need to include the now stable location.

This SWPPP will also be amended if during inspection or investigation by site staff, or by local or state

officials, it is determined that the SWPPP is ineffective in eliminating or significantly minimizing

pollutants in stormwater discharges from the construction site. If it is found that BMPs are not operating

effectively, maintenance will be performed and/or additional BMPs will be added as soon as possible,

but before the next storm event. If maintenance or implementation before the next storm event is

impracticable, the situation will be documented in the SWPPP and alternative BMPs will be

implemented as soon as possible. The SWPPP text and plans will be modified as necessary to include

additional or modified BMPs designed to correct the problems identified. Revisions to the SWPPP will be

completed within seven (7) calendar days following the inspection.

Amendments to the text will be documented in Attachment E. The Qualified Inspector will record

amendments to the SWPPP within Attachment E, if applicable the Attachment D Sediment and Erosion

Control Plan will also be modified as described.


9.0 COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL REGULATIONS

The Project will comply with all federal, state and local requirements. Permitting is currently ongoing for the Project. All applicable correspondence and permit approvals will be included in Attachment I of the Final SWPPP when complete.


10.0 CERTIFICATIONS

The Project selected Contractor and all applicable sub‐contractors shall possess the required NYSDEC

Endorsed 4‐Hour Erosion and Sediment Control (E&SC) Training and sign the Contractor Certification on

the following page, as required by the GP‐0‐15‐002. The Certified Contractor(s) representative shall

remain on site during the construction activity, and shall be the point of contact for all SWPPP related

Corrective Actions.


CONTRACTOR AND SUBCONTRACTOR CERTIFICATION

EIGHT POINT WIND ENERGY CENTER & 115 KV TRANSMISSION LINE

Towns of Greenwood, West Union Towns of Greenwood, Hartsville and Hornellsville

Steuben County, New York All Contractors and subcontractors performing construction activities shall sign the following certification before they commence construction activity. A copy of the certification shall be included in the copy of the SWPPP that is maintained at the construction site. All Contractors or subcontractors must identify at least one person from their company that will be responsible for the implementation of the SWPPP and has meet the requirements of a Trained Contractor, as defined in GP‐0‐15‐002. "I hereby certify under penalty of law that I understand and agree to comply with the terms and conditions of the SWPPP and agree to implement any corrective actions identified by the qualified inspector during a site inspection. I also understand that the owner or operator must comply with the terms and conditions of the most current version of the New York State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System ("SPDES") general permit for stormwater discharges from construction activities and that it is unlawful for any person to cause or contribute to a violation of water quality standards. Furthermore, I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information that I do not believe to be true, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations" Name of Construction Company Address of Construction Company Telephone Number Printed Name of Authorized Representative Title Signature of Authorized Representative Date Printed Name of Trained Contractor Title Type of construction services to be provided: _________________________________


11.0 NOTICE OF INTENT (NOI)

The signed Notice of Intent will be located in Attachment F.


12.0 NYSDEC RECEIPT OF NOI

A receipt acknowledging receipt of the NOI by the NYSDEC will be contained in Attachment G.


13.0 REFERENCES

Edinger, G.J., D.J. Evans, S. Gebauer, T.G. Howard, D.M. Hunt, and A.M. Olivero (editors). 2014. Ecological Communities of New York State. Second Edition. A revised and expanded edition of Carol Reschke's Ecological Communities of New York State. New York Natural Heritage Program, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY.

[NYSDEC] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Habitat Inventory Unit. December 14, 1990. Ecological Zones ‐ New York State (GIS datalayer). Accessed online at: http://www.nysgis.state.ny.us/gisdata/inventories/.

[NYSDEC] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. November 2016. New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual.

[NYSDEC] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. January 2015. New York State Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control.

[NYSDEC] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. 2003. Genesee River Waterbody Inventory/Priority Waterbodies List. Available at: http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/36744.html. Accessed April 2017.

[NYSDEC] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. 2007. Chemung River Waterbody Inventory/Priority Waterbodies List. Available at: http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/36746.html. Accessed April 2017.

[USDA, NRCS] U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service. April 2012. National Hydric Soils List for 2012. Access online at: http://soils.usda.gov/use/hydric/

[USDA, NRCS] Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database. Accessed online at: http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov.

Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan Eight Point Wind, LLC Eight Point Wind Energy Center

ATTACHMENT A – CONSTRUCTION CONTACT LIST


EIGHT POINT WIND ENERGY CENTER

CONSTRUCTION CONTACT LIST

Name Title Company Contact #


ATTACHMENT B – CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT

NYSDEC website link to a copy of SPDES General Permit GP‐0‐15‐002: http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/43133.html

NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

SPDES GENERAL PERMIT FOR STORMWATER DISCHARGES

From

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY

Permit No. GP-0-15-002

Issued Pursuant to Article 17, Titles 7, 8 and Article 70 of the Environmental Conservation Law

Effective Date: January 29, 2015 Expiration Date: January 28, 2020

John J. Ferguson Chief Permit Administrator

Authorized Signature Date

Address: NYS DEC Division of Environmental Permits 625 Broadway, 4th Floor Albany, N.Y. 12233-1750

1 / 12 / 15

PREFACE Pursuant to Section 402 of the Clean Water Act (“CWA”), stormwater discharges from certain construction activities are unlawful unless they are authorized by a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (“NPDES”) permit or by a state permit program. New York’s State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (“SPDES”) is a NPDES-approved program with permits issued in accordance with the Environmental Conservation Law (“ECL”).

This general permit (“permit”) is issued pursuant to Article 17, Titles 7, 8 and Article 70 of the ECL. An owner or operator may obtain coverage under this permit by submitting a Notice of Intent ("NOI") to the Department. Copies of this permit and the NOI for New York are available by calling (518) 402-8109 or at any New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (“the Department”) regional office (see Appendix G).They are also available on the Department’s website at:

http://www.dec.ny.gov/

An owner or operator of a construction activity that is eligible for coverage under this permit must obtain coverage prior to the commencement of construction activity. Activities that fit the definition of “construction activity”, as defined under 40 CFR 122.26(b)(14)(x), (15)(i), and (15)(ii), constitute construction of a point source and therefore, pursuant to Article 17-0505 of the ECL, the owner or operator must have coverage under a SPDES permit prior to commencing construction activity. They cannot wait until there is an actual discharge from the construction site to obtain permit coverage. *Note: The italicized words/phrases within this permit are defined in Appendix A.

I


NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION SPDES GENERAL PERMIT FOR STORMWATER DISCHARGES

FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

Part I. PERMIT COVERAGE AND LIMITATIONS .............................................................. 1 A. Permit Application ................................................................................................. 1 B. Effluent Limitations Applicable to Discharges from Construction Activities ........... 1 C. Post-construction Stormwater Management Practice Requirements .................... 4 D. Maintaining Water Quality ..................................................................................... 8 E. Eligibility Under This General Permit ..................................................................... 9 F. Activities Which Are Ineligible for Coverage Under This General Permit .............. 9

Part II. OBTAINING PERMIT COVERAGE ..................................................................... 12 A. Notice of Intent (NOI) Submittal .......................................................................... 12 B. Permit Authorization ............................................................................................ 13 C. General Requirements For Owners or Operators With Permit Coverage ........... 15 D. Permit Coverage for Discharges Authorized Under GP-0-10-001 ....................... 17 E. Change of Owner or Operator ............................................................................. 17

Part III. STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN (SWPPP) ........................... 18 A. General SWPPP Requirements .......................................................................... 18 B. Required SWPPP Contents ................................................................................ 20 C. Required SWPPP Components by Project Type ................................................. 23

Part IV. INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS ..................................... 24 A. General Construction Site Inspection and Maintenance Requirements .............. 24 B. Contractor Maintenance Inspection Requirements ............................................. 24 C. Qualified Inspector Inspection Requirements ...................................................... 24

Part V. TERMINATION OF PERMIT COVERAGE ........................................................... 28 A. Termination of Permit Coverage ......................................................................... 28

Part VI. REPORTING AND RETENTION OF RECORDS ................................................ 30 A. Record Retention ................................................................................................ 30 B. Addresses ........................................................................................................... 30

Part VII. STANDARD PERMIT CONDITIONS ................................................................. 31 A. Duty to Comply .................................................................................................... 31 B. Continuation of the Expired General Permit ........................................................ 31 C. Enforcement ........................................................................................................ 31 D. Need to Halt or Reduce Activity Not a Defense................................................... 31 E. Duty to Mitigate ................................................................................................... 32 F. Duty to Provide Information ................................................................................. 32 G. Other Information ................................................................................................ 32 H. Signatory Requirements ...................................................................................... 32 I. Property Rights ....................................................................................................... 34 J. Severability ............................................................................................................. 34 K. Requirement to Obtain Coverage Under an Alternative Permit ........................... 34 L. Proper Operation and Maintenance .................................................................... 35 M. Inspection and Entry ........................................................................................... 35 N. Permit Actions ..................................................................................................... 36 O. Definitions ........................................................................................................... 36 P. Re-Opener Clause .............................................................................................. 36

II

Q. Penalties for Falsification of Forms and Reports ................................................. 36 R. Other Permits ...................................................................................................... 36

APPENDIX A .................................................................................................................... 37 APPENDIX B .................................................................................................................... 44 APPENDIX C ................................................................................................................... 46 APPENDIX D ................................................................................................................... 52 APPENDIX E .................................................................................................................... 53 APPENDIX F .................................................................................................................... 55

III

(Part I) Part I. PERMIT COVERAGE AND LIMITATIONS

A. Permit Application This permit authorizes stormwater discharges to surface waters of the State from the following construction activities identified within 40 CFR Parts 122.26(b)(14)(x), 122.26(b)(15)(i) and 122.26(b)(15)(ii), provided all of the eligibility provisions of this permit are met:

Construction activities involving soil disturbances of one (1) or more acres;

including disturbances of less than one acre that are part of a larger common plan of development or sale that will ultimately disturb one or more acres of land; excluding routine maintenance activity that is performed to maintain the original line and grade, hydraulic capacity or original purpose of a facility;

Construction activities involving soil disturbances of less than one (1) acre where the Department has determined that a SPDES permit is required for stormwater discharges based on the potential for contribution to a violation of a water quality standard or for significant contribution of pollutants to surface waters of the State.

Construction activities located in the watershed(s) identified in Appendix D

that involve soil disturbances between five thousand (5,000) square feet and one (1) acre of land.

B. Effluent Limitations Applicable to Discharges from Construction Activities Discharges authorized by this permit must achieve, at a minimum, the effluent limitations in Part I.B.1. (a) – (f) of this permit. These limitations represent the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of best practicable technology currently available.

Erosion and Sediment Control Requirements - The owner or operator must

select, design, install, implement and maintain control measures to minimize the discharge of pollutants and prevent a violation of the water quality standards. The selection, design, installation, implementation, and maintenance of these control measures must meet the non-numeric effluent limitations in Part I.B.1.(a) – (f) of this permit and be in accordance with the New York State Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control, dated August 2005, using sound engineering judgment. Where control measures are not designed in conformance with the design criteria included in the technical standard, the owner or operator must include in the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (“SWPPP”) the reason(s) for the deviation or alternative design and provide information

1

(Part I.B.1) which demonstrates that the deviation or alternative design is equivalent to the technical standard.

a. Erosion and Sediment Controls. Design, install and maintain effective

erosion and sediment controls to minimize the discharge of pollutants and prevent a violation of the water quality standards. At a minimum, such controls must be designed, installed and maintained to:

(i) Minimize soil erosion through application of runoff control and soil stabilization control measure to minimize pollutant discharges;

(ii) Control stormwater discharges to minimize channel and

streambank erosion and scour in the immediate vicinity of the discharge points;

(iii) Minimize the amount of soil exposed during construction activity;

(iv) Minimize the disturbance of steep slopes;

(v) Minimize sediment discharges from the site;

(vi) Provide and maintain natural buffers around surface waters, direct

stormwater to vegetated areas and maximize stormwater infiltration to reduce pollutant discharges, unless infeasible;

(vii) Minimize soil compaction. Minimizing soil compaction is not

required where the intended function of a specific area of the site dictates that it be compacted; and

(viii) Unless infeasible, preserve a sufficient amount of topsoil to

complete soil restoration and establish a uniform, dense vegetative cover.

b. Soil Stabilization. In areas where soil disturbance activity has temporarily

or permanently ceased, the application of soil stabilization measures must be initiated by the end of the next business day and completed within fourteen (14) days from the date the current soil disturbance activity ceased. For construction sites that directly discharge to one of the 303(d) segments listed in Appendix E or is located in one of the watersheds listed in Appendix C, the application of soil stabilization measures must be initiated by the end of the next business day and completed within seven (7) days from the date the current soil disturbance activity ceased. See Appendix A for definition of Temporarily Ceased.

c. Dewatering. Discharges from dewatering activities, including discharges

2

(Part I.B.1.c) from dewatering of trenches and excavations, must be managed by appropriate control measures.

d. Pollution Prevention Measures. Design, install, implement, and

maintain effective pollution prevention measures to minimize the discharge of pollutants and prevent a violation of the water quality standards. At a minimum, such measures must be designed, installed, implemented and maintained to:

(i) Minimize the discharge of pollutants from equipment and vehicle

washing, wheel wash water, and other wash waters. This applies to washing operations that use clean water only. Soaps, detergents and solvents cannot be used;

(ii) Minimize the exposure of building materials, building products,

construction wastes, trash, landscape materials, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, detergents, sanitary waste and other materials present on the site to precipitation and to stormwater. Minimization of exposure is not required in cases where the exposure to precipitation and to stormwater will not result in a discharge of pollutants, or where exposure of a specific material or product poses little risk of stormwater contamination (such as final products and materials intended for outdoor use) ; and

(iii) Prevent the discharge of pollutants from spills and leaks and

implement chemical spill and leak prevention and response procedures.

e. Prohibited Discharges. The following discharges are prohibited:

(i) Wastewater from washout of concrete;

(ii) Wastewater from washout and cleanout of stucco, paint, form

release oils, curing compounds and other construction materials;

(iii) Fuels, oils, or other pollutants used in vehicle and equipment operation and maintenance;

(iv) Soaps or solvents used in vehicle and equipment washing; and

(v) Toxic or hazardous substances from a spill or other release.

f. Surface Outlets. When discharging from basins and impoundments, the

outlets shall be designed, constructed and maintained in such a manner that sediment does not leave the basin or impoundment and that erosion

3

(Part I.B.1.f) at or below the outlet does not occur.

C. Post-construction Stormwater Management Practice Requirements

The owner or operator of a construction activity that requires post-

construction stormwater management practices pursuant to Part III.C. of this permit must select, design, install, and maintain the practices to meet the performance criteria in the New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual (“Design Manual”), dated January 2015, using sound engineering judgment. Where post-construction stormwater management practices (“SMPs”) are not designed in conformance with the performance criteria in the Design Manual, the owner or operator must include in the SWPPP the reason(s) for the deviation or alternative design and provide information which demonstrates that the deviation or alternative design is equivalent to the technical standard.

The owner or operator of a construction activity that requires post-construction stormwater management practices pursuant to Part III.C. of this permit must design the practices to meet the applicable sizing criteria in Part I.C.2.a., b., c. or d. of this permit.

a. Sizing Criteria for New Development

(i) Runoff Reduction Volume (“RRv”): Reduce the total Water Quality

Volume (“WQv”) by application of RR techniques and standard SMPs with RRv capacity. The total WQv shall be calculated in accordance with the criteria in Section 4.2 of the Design Manual.

(ii) Minimum RRv and Treatment of Remaining Total WQv:

Construction activities that cannot meet the criteria in Part I.C.2.a.(i) of this permit due to site limitations shall direct runoff from all newly constructed impervious areas to a RR technique or standard SMP with RRv capacity unless infeasible. The specific site limitations that prevent the reduction of 100% of the WQv shall be documented in the SWPPP. For each impervious area that is not directed to a RR technique or standard SMP with RRv capacity, the SWPPP must include documentation which demonstrates that all options were considered and for each option explains why it is considered infeasible.

In no case shall the runoff reduction achieved from the newly constructed impervious areas be less than the Minimum RRv as calculated using the criteria in Section 4.3 of the Design Manual. The remaining portion of the total WQv

4

(Part I.C.2.a.ii) that cannot be reduced shall be treated by application of standard SMPs.

(iii) Channel Protection Volume (“Cpv”): Provide 24 hour extended

detention of the post-developed 1-year, 24-hour storm event; remaining after runoff reduction. The Cpv requirement does not apply when:

(1) Reduction of the entire Cpv is achieved by application of runoff reduction techniques or infiltration systems, or

(2) The site discharges directly to tidal waters, or fifth order or larger streams.

(iv) Overbank Flood Control Criteria (“Qp”): Requires storage to attenuate the post-development 10-year, 24-hour peak discharge rate (Qp) to predevelopment rates. The Qp requirement does not apply when:

(1) the site discharges directly to tidal waters or fifth order or larger streams, or

(2) A downstream analysis reveals that overbank control is not required.

(v) Extreme Flood Control Criteria (“Qf”): Requires storage to attenuate the post-development 100-year, 24-hour peak discharge rate (Qf) to predevelopment rates. The Qf requirement does not apply when:



b. Sizing Criteria for New Development in Enhanced Phosphorus Removal Watershed

(i) Runoff Reduction Volume (RRv): Reduce the total Water Quality Volume (WQv) by application of RR techniques and standard SMPs with RRv capacity. The total WQv is the runoff volume from the 1-year, 24 hour design storm over the post-developed watershed and shall be calculated in accordance with the criteria in Section 10.3 of the Design Manual.

(ii) Minimum RRv and Treatment of Remaining Total WQv:

Construction activities that cannot meet the criteria in Part I.C.2.b.(i) of this permit due to site limitations shall direct runoff from all newly constructed impervious areas to a RR technique or

5

(Part I.C.2.b.ii) standard SMP with RRv capacity unless infeasible. The specific site limitations that prevent the reduction of 100% of the WQv shall be documented in the SWPPP. For each impervious area that is not directed to a RR technique or standard SMP with RRv capacity, the SWPPP must include documentation which demonstrates that all options were considered and for each option explains why it is considered infeasible.

In no case shall the runoff reduction achieved from the newly constructed impervious areas be less than the Minimum RRv as calculated using the criteria in Section 10.3 of the Design Manual. The remaining portion of the total WQv that cannot be reduced shall be treated by application of standard SMPs.

(iii) Channel Protection Volume (Cpv): Provide 24 hour extended

detention of the post-developed 1-year, 24-hour storm event; remaining after runoff reduction. The Cpv requirement does not apply when:

(1) Reduction of the entire Cpv is achieved by application of runoff reduction techniques or infiltration systems, or

(2) The site discharges directly to tidal waters, or fifth order or larger streams.

(iv) Overbank Flood Control Criteria (Qp): Requires storage to attenuate the post-development 10-year, 24-hour peak discharge rate (Qp) to predevelopment rates. The Qp requirement does not apply when:



(v) Extreme Flood Control Criteria (Qf): Requires storage to attenuate the post-development 100-year, 24-hour peak discharge rate (Qf) to predevelopment rates. The Qf requirement does not apply when:



c. Sizing Criteria for Redevelopment Activity

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(Part I.C.2.c.i) (i) Water Quality Volume (WQv): The WQv treatment objective for

redevelopment activity shall be addressed by one of the following options. Redevelopment activities located in an Enhanced Phosphorus Removal Watershed (see Part III.B.3. and Appendix C of this permit) shall calculate the WQv in accordance with Section 10.3 of the Design Manual. All other redevelopment activities shall calculate the WQv in accordance with Section 4.2 of the Design Manual.

(1) Reduce the existing impervious cover by a minimum

of 25% of the total disturbed, impervious area. The Soil Restoration criteria in Section 5.1.6 of the Design Manual must be applied to all newly created pervious areas, or

(2) Capture and treat a minimum of 25% of the WQv from the disturbed, impervious area by the application of standard SMPs; or reduce 25% of the WQv from the disturbed, impervious area by the application of RR techniques or standard SMPs with RRv capacity., or

(3) Capture and treat a minimum of 75% of the WQv from the disturbed, impervious area as well as any additional runoff from tributary areas by application of the alternative practices discussed in Sections 9.3 and 9.4 of the Design Manual., or

(4) Application of a combination of 1, 2 and 3 above that provide a weighted average of at least two of the above methods. Application of this method shall be in accordance with the criteria in Section 9.2.1(B) (IV) of the Design Manual.

If there is an existing post-construction stormwater management practice located on the site that captures and treats runoff from the impervious area that is being disturbed, the WQv treatment option selected must, at a minimum, provide treatment equal to the treatment that was being provided by the existing practice(s) if that treatment is greater than the treatment required by options 1 – 4 above.

(ii) Channel Protection Volume (Cpv): Not required if there are no

changes to hydrology that increase the discharge rate from the project site.

(iii) Overbank Flood Control Criteria (Qp): Not required if there are no


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(Part I.C.2.c.iv) (iv) Extreme Flood Control Criteria (Qf): Not required if there are no


d. Sizing Criteria for Combination of Redevelopment Activity and New

Development

Construction projects that include both New Development and Redevelopment Activity shall provide post-construction stormwater management controls that meet the sizing criteria calculated as an aggregate of the Sizing Criteria in Part I.C.2.a. or b. of this permit for the New Development portion of the project and Part I.C.2.c of this permit for Redevelopment Activity portion of the project.

D. Maintaining Water Quality The Department expects that compliance with the conditions of this permit will control discharges necessary to meet applicable water quality standards. It shall be a violation of the ECL for any discharge to either cause or contribute to a violation of water quality standards as contained in Parts 700 through 705 of Title 6 of the Official Compilation of Codes, Rules and Regulations of the State of New York, such as:

There shall be no increase in turbidity that will cause a substantial visible

contrast to natural conditions;

There shall be no increase in suspended, colloidal or settleable solids that will cause deposition or impair the waters for their best usages; and

There shall be no residue from oil and floating substances, nor visible oil film, nor globules of grease.

If there is evidence indicating that the stormwater discharges authorized by this permit are causing, have the reasonable potential to cause, or are contributing to a violation of the water quality standards; the owner or operator must take appropriate corrective action in accordance with Part IV.C.5. of this general permit and document in accordance with Part IV.C.4. of this general permit. To address the water quality standard violation the owner or operator may need to provide additional information, include and implement appropriate controls in the SWPPP to correct the problem, or obtain an individual SPDES permit. If there is evidence indicating that despite compliance with the terms and conditions of this general permit it is demonstrated that the stormwater discharges authorized by this permit are causing or contributing to a violation of water quality standards, or

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(Part I.D) if the Department determines that a modification of the permit is necessary to prevent a violation of water quality standards, the authorized discharges will no longer be eligible for coverage under this permit. The Department may require the owner or operator to obtain an individual SPDES permit to continue discharging.

E. Eligibility Under This General Permit

This permit may authorize all discharges of stormwater from construction activity to surface waters of the State and groundwaters except for ineligible discharges identified under subparagraph F. of this Part.

Except for non-stormwater discharges explicitly listed in the next paragraph,

this permit only authorizes stormwater discharges from construction activities.

Notwithstanding paragraphs E.1 and E.2 above, the following non-

stormwater discharges may be authorized by this permit: discharges from firefighting activities; fire hydrant flushings; waters to which cleansers or other components have not been added that are used to wash vehicles or control dust in accordance with the SWPPP, routine external building washdown which does not use detergents; pavement washwaters where spills or leaks of toxic or hazardous materials have not occurred (unless all spilled material has been removed) and where detergents are not used; air conditioning condensate; uncontaminated groundwater or spring water; uncontaminated discharges from construction site de-watering operations; and foundation or footing drains where flows are not contaminated with process materials such as solvents. For those entities required to obtain coverage under this permit, and who discharge as noted in this paragraph, and with the exception of flows from firefighting activities, these discharges must be identified in the SWPPP. Under all circumstances, the owner or operator must still comply with water quality standards in Part I.D of this permit.

The owner or operator must maintain permit eligibility to discharge under

this permit. Any discharges that are not compliant with the eligibility conditions of this permit are not authorized by the permit and the owner or operator must either apply for a separate permit to cover those ineligible discharges or take steps necessary to make the discharge eligible for coverage.

F. Activities Which Are Ineligible for Coverage Under This General Permit All of the following are not authorized by this permit:

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(Part I.F)

Discharges after construction activities have been completed and the site has undergone final stabilization;

Discharges that are mixed with sources of non-stormwater other than those expressly authorized under subsection E.3. of this Part and identified in the SWPPP required by this permit;

Discharges that are required to obtain an individual SPDES permit or another SPDES general permit pursuant to Part VII.K. of this permit;

Construction activities or discharges from construction activities that may adversely affect an endangered or threatened species unless the owner or operator has obtained a permit issued pursuant to 6 NYCRR Part 182 for the project or the Department has issued a letter of non-jurisdiction for the project. All documentation necessary to demonstrate eligibility shall be maintained on site in accordance with Part II.C.2 of this permit.

Discharges which either cause or contribute to a violation of water quality standards adopted pursuant to the ECL and its accompanying regulations;

Construction activities for residential, commercial and institutional projects:

a. Where the discharges from the construction activities are tributary to waters of the state classified as AA or AA-s; and

b. Which disturb one or more acres of land with no existing impervious cover;

and

c. Which are undertaken on land with a Soil Slope Phase that is identified as an E or F, or the map unit name is inclusive of 25% or greater slope, on the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) Soil Survey for the County where the disturbance will occur.

Construction activities for linear transportation projects and linear utility

projects:

a. Where the discharges from the construction activities are tributary to waters of the state classified as AA or AA-s; and

b. Which disturb two or more acres of land with no existing impervious cover;

and

c. Which are undertaken on land with a Soil Slope Phase that is identified as an E or F, or the map unit name is inclusive of 25% or greater slope, on the USDA Soil Survey for the County where the disturbance will occur.

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(Part I.F.8)

Construction activities that have the potential to affect an historic property, unless there is documentation that such impacts have been resolved. The following documentation necessary to demonstrate eligibility with this requirement shall be maintained on site in accordance with Part II.C.2 of this permit and made available to the Department in accordance with Part VII.F of this permit:

a. Documentation that the construction activity is not within an archeologically sensitive area indicated on the sensitivity map, and that the construction activity is not located on or immediately adjacent to a property listed or determined to be eligible for listing on the National or State Registers of Historic Places, and that there is no new permanent building on the construction site within the following distances from a building, structure, or object that is more than 50 years old, or if there is such a new permanent building on the construction site within those parameters that NYS Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP), a Historic Preservation Commission of a Certified Local Government, or a qualified preservation professional has determined that the building, structure, or object more than 50 years old is not historically/archeologically significant. 1-5 acres of disturbance - 20 feet 5-20 acres of disturbance - 50 feet 20+ acres of disturbance - 100 feet, or

b. DEC consultation form sent to OPRHP, and copied to the NYS DEC

Agency Historic Preservation Officer (APO), and (i) the State Environmental Quality Review (SEQR) Environmental

Assessment Form (EAF) with a negative declaration or the Findings Statement, with documentation of OPRHP’s agreement with the resolution; or

(ii) documentation from OPRHP that the construction activity will result in No Impact; or

(iii) documentation from OPRHP providing a determination of No Adverse Impact; or

(iv) a Letter of Resolution signed by the owner/operator, OPRHP and the DEC APO which allows for this construction activity to be eligible for coverage under the general permit in terms of the State Historic Preservation Act (SHPA); or

c. Documentation of satisfactory compliance with Section 106 of the

National Historic Preservation Act for a coterminous project area: (i) No Affect (ii) No Adverse Affect

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(Part I.F.8.c.iii) (iii) Executed Memorandum of Agreement, or

d. Documentation that:

(i) SHPA Section 14.09 has been completed by NYS DEC or another state agency.

Discharges from construction activities that are subject to an existing

SPDES individual or general permit where a SPDES permit for construction activity has been terminated or denied; or where the owner or operator has failed to renew an expired individual permit.

Part II. OBTAINING PERMIT COVERAGE

A.Notice of Intent (NOI) Submittal

An owner or operator of a construction activity that is not subject to the

requirements of a regulated, traditional land use control MS4 must first prepare a SWPPP in accordance with all applicable requirements of this permit and then submit a completed NOI form to the Department in order to be authorized to discharge under this permit. An owner or operator shall use either the electronic (eNOI) or paper version of the NOI that the Department prepared. Both versions of the NOI are located on the Department’s website (http://www.dec.ny.gov/ ). The paper version of the NOI shall be signed in accordance with Part VII.H. of this permit and submitted to the following address.

NOTICE OF INTENT NYS DEC, Bureau of Water Permits 625 Broadway, 4th Floor Albany, New York 12233-3505

An owner or operator of a construction activity that is subject to the

requirements of a regulated, traditional land use control MS4 must first prepare a SWPPP in accordance with all applicable requirements of this permit and then have its SWPPP reviewed and accepted by the regulated, traditional land use control MS4 prior to submitting the NOI to the Department. The owner or operator shall have the “MS4 SWPPP Acceptance” form signed in accordance with Part VII.H., and then submit that form along with a completed NOI to the Department. An owner or operator shall use either the electronic (eNOI) or paper version of the NOI.

The paper version of the NOI shall be signed in accordance with Part VII.H. of this permit and submitted to the address in Part II.A.1.

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(Part II.A.2) The requirement for an owner or operator to have its SWPPP reviewed and accepted by the MS4 prior to submitting the NOI to the Department does not apply to an owner or operator that is obtaining permit coverage in accordance with the requirements in Part II.E. (Change of Owner or Operator) or where the owner or operator of the construction activity is the regulated, traditional land use control MS4.

The owner or operator shall have the SWPPP preparer sign the “SWPPP Preparer Certification” statement on the NOI prior to submitting the form to the Department.

As of the date the NOI is submitted to the Department, the owner or operator

shall make the NOI and SWPPP available for review and copying in accordance with the requirements in Part VII.F. of this permit.

B. Permit Authorization

An owner or operator shall not commence construction activity until their authorization to discharge under this permit goes into effect.

Authorization to discharge under this permit will be effective when the owner or operator has satisfied all of the following criteria:

a. project review pursuant to the State Environmental Quality Review Act (“SEQRA”) have been satisfied, when SEQRA is applicable. See the Department’s website (http://www.dec.ny.gov/) for more information,

b. where required, all necessary Department permits subject to the Uniform

Procedures Act (“UPA”) (see 6 NYCRR Part 621) have been obtained, unless otherwise notified by the Department pursuant to 6 NYCRR 621.3(a)(4). Owners or operators of construction activities that are required to obtain UPA permits must submit a preliminary SWPPP to the appropriate DEC Permit Administrator at the Regional Office listed in Appendix F at the time all other necessary UPA permit applications are submitted. The preliminary SWPPP must include sufficient information to demonstrate that the construction activity qualifies for authorization under this permit,

c. the final SWPPP has been prepared, and

d. a complete NOI has been submitted to the Department in accordance with

the requirements of this permit.

An owner or operator that has satisfied the requirements of Part II.B.2 above

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(Part II.B.3) will be authorized to discharge stormwater from their construction activity inaccordance with the following schedule:

a. For construction activities that are not subject to the requirements of a regulated, traditional land use control MS4:

(i) Five (5) business days from the date the Department receives a

complete electronic version of the NOI (eNOI) for construction activities with a SWPPP that has been prepared in conformance with the design criteria in the technical standard referenced in Part III.B.1 and the performance criteria in the technical standard referenced in Parts III.B., 2 or 3, for construction activities that require post-construction stormwater management practices pursuant to Part III.C.; or

(ii) Sixty (60) business days from the date the Department receives a

complete NOI (electronic or paper version) for construction activities with a SWPPP that has not been prepared in conformance with the design criteria in technical standard referenced in Part III.B.1. or, for construction activities that require post-construction stormwater management practices pursuant to Part III.C., the performance criteria in the technical standard referenced in Parts III.B., 2 or 3, or;

(iii) Ten (10) business days from the date the Department receives a

complete paper version of the NOI for construction activities with a SWPPP that has been prepared in conformance with the design criteria in the technical standard referenced in Part III.B.1 and the performance criteria in the technical standard referenced in Parts III.B., 2 or 3, for construction activities that require post-construction stormwater management practices pursuant to Part III.C.

b. For construction activities that are subject to the requirements of a

regulated, traditional land use control MS4:

(i) Five (5) business days from the date the Department receives both a complete electronic version of the NOI (eNOI) and signed “MS4 SWPPP Acceptance” form, or

(ii) Ten (10) business days from the date the Department receives

both a complete paper version of the NOI and signed “MS4 SWPPP Acceptance” form.

The Department may suspend or deny an owner’s or operator’s coverage

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(Part II.B.4) under this permit if the Department determines that the SWPPP does not meet the permit requirements. In accordance with statute, regulation, and the terms and conditions of this permit, the Department may deny coverage under this permit and require submittal of an application for an individual SPDES permit based on a review of the NOI or other information pursuant to Part II.

Coverage under this permit authorizes stormwater discharges from only

those areas of disturbance that are identified in the NOI. If an owner or operator wishes to have stormwater discharges from future or additional areas of disturbance authorized, they must submit a new NOI that addresses that phase of the development, unless otherwise notified by the Department. The owner or operator shall not commence construction activity on the future or additional areas until their authorization to discharge under this permit goes into effect in accordance with Part II.B. of this permit.

C. General Requirements For Owners or Operators With Permit Coverage

The owner or operator shall ensure that the provisions of the SWPPP are implemented from the commencement of construction activity until all areas of disturbance have achieved final stabilization and the Notice of Termination (“NOT”) has been submitted to the Department in accordance with Part V. of this permit. This includes any changes made to the SWPPP pursuant to Part III.A.4. of this permit.

The owner or operator shall maintain a copy of the General Permit (GP-0-15-002), NOI, NOI Acknowledgment Letter, SWPPP, MS4 SWPPP Acceptance form, inspection reports, and all documentation necessary to demonstrate eligibility with this permit at the construction site until all disturbed areas have achieved final stabilization and the NOT has been submitted to the Department. The documents must be maintained in a secure location, such as a job trailer, on-site construction office, or mailbox with lock. The secure location must be accessible during normal business hours to an individual performing a compliance inspection.

The owner or operator of a construction activity shall not disturb greater than five (5) acres of soil at any one time without prior written authorization from the Department or, in areas under the jurisdiction of a regulated, traditional land use control MS4, the regulated, traditional land use control MS4 (provided the regulated, traditional land use control MS4 is not the owner or operator of the construction activity). At a minimum, the owner or operator must comply with the following requirements in order to be authorized to disturb greater than five (5) acres of soil at any one time:

a. The owner or operator shall

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(Part II.C.3.a) have a qualified inspector conduct at least two (2) site inspections in accordance with Part IV.C. of this permit every seven (7) calendar days, for as long as greater than five (5) acres of soil remain disturbed. The two (2) inspections shall be separated by a minimum of two (2) full calendar days.

b. In areas where soil disturbance activity has temporarily or permanently

ceased, the application of soil stabilization measures must be initiated by the end of the next business day and completed within seven (7) days from the date the current soil disturbance activity ceased. The soil stabilization measures selected shall be in conformance with the technical standard, New York State Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control, dated August 2005.

c. The owner or operator shall prepare a phasing plan that defines maximum

disturbed area per phase and shows required cuts and fills.

d. The owner or operator shall install any additional site specific practices needed to protect water quality.

e. The owner or operator shall include the requirements above in their

SWPPP.

In accordance with statute, regulations, and the terms and conditions of this permit, the Department may suspend or revoke an owner’s or operator’s coverage under this permit at any time if the Department determines that the SWPPP does not meet the permit requirements. Upon a finding of significant non-compliance with the practices described in the SWPPP or violation of this permit, the Department may order an immediate stop to all activity at the site until the non-compliance is remedied. The stop work order shall be in writing, describe the non-compliance in detail, and be sent to the owner or operator.

For construction activities that are subject to the requirements of a regulated, traditional land use control MS4, the owner or operator shall notify the regulated, traditional land use control MS4 in writing of any planned amendments or modifications to the post-construction stormwater management practice component of the SWPPP required by Part III.A. 4. and 5. of this permit. Unless otherwise notified by the regulated, traditional land use control MS4, the owner or operator shall have the SWPPP amendments or modifications reviewed and accepted by the regulated, traditional land use control MS4 prior to commencing construction of the post-construction stormwater management practice

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(Part II.D) D. Permit Coverage for Discharges Authorized Under GP-0-10-001

Upon renewal of SPDES General Permit for Stormwater Discharges from

Construction Activity (Permit No. GP-0-10-001), an owner or operator of a construction activity with coverage under GP-0-10-001, as of the effective date of GP-0-15-002, shall be authorized to discharge in accordance with GP-0-15-002, unless otherwise notified by the Department.

An owner or operator may continue to implement the technical/design components of the post-construction stormwater management controls provided that such design was done in conformance with the technical standards in place at the time of initial project authorization. However, they must comply with the other, non-design provisions of GP-0-15-002.

E. Change of Owner or Operator

When property ownership changes or when there is a change in operational control over the construction plans and specifications, the original owner or operator must notify the new owner or operator, in writing, of the requirement to obtain permit coverage by submitting a NOI with the Department. Once the new owner or operator obtains permit coverage, the original owner or operator shall then submit a completed NOT with the name and permit identification number of the new owner or operator to the Department at the address in Part II.A.1. of this permit. If the original owner or operator maintains ownership of a portion of the construction activity and will disturb soil, they must maintain their coverage under the permit.

Permit coverage for the new owner or operator will be effective as of the date the Department receives a complete NOI, provided the original owner or operator was not subject to a sixty (60) business day authorization period that has not expired as of the date the Department receives the NOI from the new owner or operator.

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(Part III) Part III. STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN (SWPPP)

A. General SWPPP Requirements

A SWPPP shall be prepared and implemented by the owner or operator of

each construction activity covered by this permit. The SWPPP must document the selection, design, installation, implementation and maintenance of the control measures and practices that will be used to meet the effluent limitations in Part I.B. of this permit and where applicable, the post-construction stormwater management practice requirements in Part I.C. of this permit. The SWPPP shall be prepared prior to the submittal of the NOI. The NOI shall be submitted to the Department prior to the commencement of construction activity. A copy of the completed, final NOI shall be included in the SWPPP.

The SWPPP shall describe the erosion and sediment control practices and where required, post-construction stormwater management practices that will be used and/or constructed to reduce the pollutants in stormwater discharges and to assure compliance with the terms and conditions of this permit. In addition, the SWPPP shall identify potential sources of pollution which may reasonably be expected to affect the quality of stormwater discharges.

All SWPPPs that require the post-construction stormwater management practice component shall be prepared by a qualified professional that is knowledgeable in the principles and practices of stormwater management and treatment.

The owner or operator must keep the SWPPP current so that it at all times accurately documents the erosion and sediment controls practices that are being used or will be used during construction, and all post-construction stormwater management practices that will be constructed on the site. At a minimum, the owner or operator shall amend the SWPPP:

a. whenever the current provisions prove to be ineffective in minimizing pollutants in stormwater discharges from the site;

b. whenever there is a change in design, construction, or operation at the

construction site that has or could have an effect on the discharge of pollutants; and

c. to address issues or deficiencies identified during an inspection by the

qualified inspector, the Department or other regulatory authority. The Department may notify the owner or operator at any time that the

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(Part III.A.5) SWPPP does not meet one or more of the minimum requirements of this permit. The notification shall be in writing and identify the provisions of the SWPPP that require modification. Within fourteen (14) calendar days of such notification, or as otherwise indicated by the Department, the owner or operator shall make the required changes to the SWPPP and submit written notification to the Department that the changes have been made. If the owner or operator does not respond to the Department’s comments in the specified time frame, the Department may suspend the owner’s or operator’s coverage under this permit or require the owner or operator to obtain coverage under an individual SPDES permit in accordance with Part II.C.4. of this permit.

Prior to the commencement of construction activity, the owner or operator must identify the contractor(s) and subcontractor(s) that will be responsible for installing, constructing, repairing, replacing, inspecting and maintaining the erosion and sediment control practices included in the SWPPP; and the contractor(s) and subcontractor(s) that will be responsible for constructing the post-construction stormwater management practices included in the SWPPP. The owner or operator shall have each of the contractors and subcontractors identify at least one person from their company that will be responsible for implementation of the SWPPP. This person shall be known as the trained contractor. The owner or operator shall ensure that at least one trained contractor is on site on a daily basis when soil disturbance activities are being performed. The owner or operator shall have each of the contractors and subcontractors identified above sign a copy of the following certification statement below before they commence any construction activity:

"I hereby certify under penalty of law that I understand and agree to comply with the terms and conditions of the SWPPP and agree to implement any corrective actions identified by the qualified inspector during a site inspection. I also understand that the owner or operator must comply with the terms and conditions of the most current version of the New York State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System ("SPDES") general permit for stormwater discharges from construction activities and that it is unlawful for any person to cause or contribute to a violation of water quality standards. Furthermore, I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, that I do not believe to be true, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations"

In addition to providing the certification statement above, the certification page must also identify the specific elements of the SWPPP that each contractor and subcontractor will be responsible for and include the name and title of the person providing the signature; the name and title of the

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(Part III.A.6) trained contractor responsible for SWPPP implementation; the name, address and telephone number of the contracting firm; the address (or other identifying description) of the site; and the date the certification statement is signed. The owner or operator shall attach the certification statement(s) to the copy of the SWPPP that is maintained at the construction site. If new or additional contractors are hired to implement measures identified in the SWPPP after construction has commenced, they must also sign the certification statement and provide the information listed above.

For projects where the Department requests a copy of the SWPPP or

inspection reports, the owner or operator shall submit the documents in both electronic (PDF only) and paper format within five (5) business days, unless otherwise notified by the Department.

B. Required SWPPP Contents

Erosion and sediment control component - All SWPPPs prepared pursuant to this permit shall include erosion and sediment control practices designed in conformance with the technical standard, New York State Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control, dated August 2005. Where erosion and sediment control practices are not designed in conformance with the design criteria included in the technical standard, the owner or operator must demonstrate equivalence to the technical standard. At a minimum, the erosion and sediment control component of the SWPPP shall include the following:

a. Background information about the scope of the project, including the location, type and size of project;

b. A site map/construction drawing(s) for the project, including a general

location map. At a minimum, the site map shall show the total site area; all improvements; areas of disturbance; areas that will not be disturbed; existing vegetation; on-site and adjacent off-site surface water(s); floodplain/floodway boundaries; wetlands and drainage patterns that could be affected by the construction activity; existing and final contours ; locations of different soil types with boundaries; material, waste, borrow or equipment storage areas located on adjacent properties; and location(s) of the stormwater discharge(s);

c. A description of the soil(s) present at the site, including an identification of

the Hydrologic Soil Group (HSG);

d. A construction phasing plan and sequence of operations describing the intended order of construction activities, including clearing and grubbing, excavation and grading, utility and infrastructure installation and any other

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(Part III.B.1.d) activity at the site that results in soil disturbance;

e. A description of the minimum erosion and sediment control practices to

be installed or implemented for each construction activity that will result in soil disturbance. Include a schedule that identifies the timing of initial placement or implementation of each erosion and sediment control practice and the minimum time frames that each practice should remain in place or be implemented;

f. A temporary and permanent soil stabilization plan that meets the

requirements of this general permit and the technical standard, New York State Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control, dated August 2005, for each stage of the project, including initial land clearing and grubbing to project completion and achievement of final stabilization;

g. A site map/construction drawing(s) showing the specific location(s),

size(s), and length(s) of each erosion and sediment control practice;

h. The dimensions, material specifications, installation details, and operation and maintenance requirements for all erosion and sediment control practices. Include the location and sizing of any temporary sediment basins and structural practices that will be used to divert flows from exposed soils;

i. A maintenance inspection schedule for the contractor(s) identified in Part

III.A.6. of this permit, to ensure continuous and effective operation of the erosion and sediment control practices. The maintenance inspection schedule shall be in accordance with the requirements in the technical standard, New York State Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control, dated August 2005;

j. A description of the pollution prevention measures that will be used to

control litter, construction chemicals and construction debris from becoming a pollutant source in the stormwater discharges;

k. A description and location of any stormwater discharges associated with

industrial activity other than construction at the site, including, but not limited to, stormwater discharges from asphalt plants and concrete plants located on the construction site; and

l. Identification of any elements of the design that are not in conformance

with the design criteria in the technical standard, New York State Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control, dated August 2005. Include the reason for the deviation or alternative design

21

(Part III.B.1.l) and provide information which demonstrates that the deviation or alternative design is equivalent to the technical standard.

Post-construction stormwater management practice component – The

owner or operator of any construction project identified in Table 2 of Appendix B as needing post-construction stormwater management practices shall prepare a SWPPP that includes practices designed in conformance with the applicable sizing criteria in Part I.C.2.a., c. or d. of this permit and the performance criteria in the technical standard, New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual dated January 2015

Where post-construction stormwater management practices are not designed in conformance with the performance criteria in the technical standard, the owner or operator must include in the SWPPP the reason(s) for the deviation or alternative design and provide information which demonstrates that the deviation or alternative design is equivalent to the technical standard. The post-construction stormwater management practice component of the SWPPP shall include the following:

a. Identification of all post-construction stormwater management practices to be constructed as part of the project. Include the dimensions, material specifications and installation details for each post-construction stormwater management practice;

b. A site map/construction drawing(s) showing the specific location and size

of each post-construction stormwater management practice;

c. A Stormwater Modeling and Analysis Report that includes:

(i) Map(s) showing pre-development conditions, including watershed/subcatchments boundaries, flow paths/routing, and design points;

(ii) Map(s) showing post-development conditions, including

watershed/subcatchments boundaries, flow paths/routing, design points and post-construction stormwater management practices;

(iii) Results of stormwater modeling (i.e. hydrology and hydraulic

analysis) for the required storm events. Include supporting calculations (model runs), methodology, and a summary table that compares pre and post-development runoff rates and volumes for the different storm events;

(iv) Summary table, with supporting calculations, which demonstrates

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(Part III.B.2.c.iv) that each post-construction stormwater management practice has been designed in conformance with the sizing criteria included in the Design Manual;

(v) Identification of any sizing criteria that is not required based on the

requirements included in Part I.C. of this permit; and

(vi) Identification of any elements of the design that are not in conformance with the performance criteria in the Design Manual. Include the reason(s) for the deviation or alternative design and provide information which demonstrates that the deviation or alternative design is equivalent to the Design Manual;

d. Soil testing results and locations (test pits, borings);

e. Infiltration test results, when required; and

f. An operations and maintenance plan that includes inspection and maintenance schedules and actions to ensure continuous and effective operation of each post-construction stormwater management practice. The plan shall identify the entity that will be responsible for the long term operation and maintenance of each practice.

Enhanced Phosphorus Removal Standards - All construction projects

identified in Table 2 of Appendix B that are located in the watersheds identified in Appendix C shall prepare a SWPPP that includes post-construction stormwater management practices designed in conformance with the applicable sizing criteria in Part I.C.2. b., c. or d. of this permit and the performance criteria, Enhanced Phosphorus Removal Standards included in the Design Manual. At a minimum, the post-construction stormwater management practice component of the SWPPP shall include items 2.a - 2.f. above.

C. Required SWPPP Components by Project Type Unless otherwise notified by the Department, owners or operators of construction activities identified in Table 1 of Appendix B are required to prepare a SWPPP that only includes erosion and sediment control practices designed in conformance with Part III.B.1 of this permit. Owners or operators of the construction activities identified in Table 2 of Appendix B shall prepare a SWPPP that also includes post-construction stormwater management practices designed in conformance with Part III.B.2 or 3 of this permit.

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(Part IV) Part IV. INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS

A. General Construction Site Inspection and Maintenance Requirements

The owner or operator must ensure that all erosion and sediment control practices (including pollution prevention measures) and all post-construction stormwater management practices identified in the SWPPP are inspected and maintained in accordance with Part IV.B. and C. of this permit.

The terms of this permit shall not be construed to prohibit the State of New York from exercising any authority pursuant to the ECL, common law or federal law, or prohibit New York State from taking any measures, whether civil or criminal, to prevent violations of the laws of the State of New York, or protect the public health and safety and/or the environment.

B. Contractor Maintenance Inspection Requirements

The owner or operator of each construction activity identified in Tables 1

and 2 of Appendix B shall have a trained contractor inspect the erosion and sediment control practices and pollution prevention measures being implemented within the active work area daily to ensure that they are being maintained in effective operating condition at all times. If deficiencies are identified, the contractor shall begin implementing corrective actions within one business day and shall complete the corrective actions in a reasonable time frame.

For construction sites where soil disturbance activities have been

temporarily suspended (e.g. winter shutdown) and temporary stabilization measures have been applied to all disturbed areas, the trained contractor can stop conducting the maintenance inspections. The trained contractor shall begin conducting the maintenance inspections in accordance with Part IV.B.1. of this permit as soon as soil disturbance activities resume.

For construction sites where soil disturbance activities have been shut down

with partial project completion, the trained contractor can stop conducting the maintenance inspections if all areas disturbed as of the project shutdown date have achieved final stabilization and all post-construction stormwater management practices required for the completed portion of the project have been constructed in conformance with the SWPPP and are operational.

C. Qualified Inspector Inspection Requirements

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(Part IV.C) The owner or operator shall have a qualified inspector conduct site inspections in conformance with the following requirements: [Note: The trained contractor identified in Part III.A.6. and IV.B. of this permit cannot conduct the qualified inspector site inspections unless they meet the qualified inspector qualifications included in Appendix A. In order to perform these inspections, the trained contractor would have to be a: - licensed Professional Engineer, - Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control (CPESC), - Registered Landscape Architect, or

- someone working under the direct supervision of, and at the same company as, the licensed Professional Engineer or Registered Landscape Architect, provided they have received four (4) hours of Department endorsed training in proper erosion and sediment control principles from a Soil and Water Conservation District, or other Department endorsed entity]. A qualified inspector shall conduct site inspections for all construction

activities identified in Tables 1 and 2 of Appendix B, with the exception of:

a. the construction of a single family residential subdivision with 25% or less impervious cover at total site build-out that involves a soil disturbance of one (1) or more acres of land but less than five (5) acres and is not located in one of the watersheds listed in Appendix C and not directly discharging to one of the 303(d) segments listed in Appendix E;

b. the construction of a single family home that involves a soil disturbance of

one (1) or more acres of land but less than five (5) acres and is not located in one of the watersheds listed in Appendix C and not directly discharging to one of the 303(d) segments listed in Appendix E;

c. construction on agricultural property that involves a soil disturbance of one

(1) or more acres of land but less than five (5) acres; and

d. construction activities located in the watersheds identified in Appendix D that involve soil disturbances between five thousand (5,000) square feet and one (1) acre of land.

Unless otherwise notified by the Department, the qualified inspector shall

conduct site inspections in accordance with the following timetable:

a. For construction sites where soil disturbance activities are on-going, the qualified inspector shall conduct a site inspection at least once every seven (7) calendar days.

b. For construction sites where soil disturbance activities are on-going and

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(Part IV.C.2.b) the owner or operator has received authorization in accordance with Part II.C.3 to disturb greater than five (5) acres of soil at any one time, the qualified inspector shall conduct at least two (2) site inspections every seven (7) calendar days. The two (2) inspections shall be separated by a minimum of two (2) full calendar days.

c. For construction sites where soil disturbance activities have been

temporarily suspended (e.g. winter shutdown) and temporary stabilization measures have been applied to all disturbed areas, the qualified inspector shall conduct a site inspection at least once every thirty (30) calendar days. The owner or operator shall notify the DOW Water (SPDES) Program contact at the Regional Office (see contact information in Appendix F) or, in areas under the jurisdiction of a regulated, traditional land use control MS4, the regulated, traditional land use control MS4 (provided the regulated, traditional land use control MS4 is not the owner or operator of the construction activity) in writing prior to reducing the frequency of inspections.

d. For construction sites where soil disturbance activities have been shut

down with partial project completion, the qualified inspector can stop conducting inspections if all areas disturbed as of the project shutdown date have achieved final stabilization and all post-construction stormwater management practices required for the completed portion of the project have been constructed in conformance with the SWPPP and are operational. The owner or operator shall notify the DOW Water (SPDES) Program contact at the Regional Office (see contact information in Appendix F) or, in areas under the jurisdiction of a regulated, traditional land use control MS4, the regulated, traditional land use control MS4 (provided the regulated, traditional land use control MS4 is not the owner or operator of the construction activity) in writing prior to the shutdown. If soil disturbance activities are not resumed within 2 years from the date of shutdown, the owner or operator shall have the qualified inspector perform a final inspection and certify that all disturbed areas have achieved final stabilization, and all temporary, structural erosion and sediment control measures have been removed; and that all post-construction stormwater management practices have been constructed in conformance with the SWPPP by signing the “Final Stabilization” and “Post-Construction Stormwater Management Practice” certification statements on the NOT. The owner or operator shall then submit the completed NOT form to the address in Part II.A.1 of this permit.

e. For construction sites that directly discharge to one of the 303(d)

segments listed in Appendix E or is located in one of the watersheds listed in Appendix C, the qualified inspector shall conduct at least two (2) site inspections every seven (7) calendar days. The two (2) inspections shall

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(Part IV.C.2.e) be separated by a minimum of two (2) full calendar days.

At a minimum, the qualified inspector shall inspect all erosion and sediment

control practices and pollution prevention measures to ensure integrity and effectiveness, all post-construction stormwater management practices under construction to ensure that they are constructed in conformance with the SWPPP, all areas of disturbance that have not achieved final stabilization, all points of discharge to natural surface waterbodies located within, or immediately adjacent to, the property boundaries of the construction site, and all points of discharge from the construction site.

The qualified inspector shall prepare an inspection report subsequent to each and every inspection. At a minimum, the inspection report shall include and/or address the following:

a. Date and time of inspection;

b. Name and title of person(s) performing inspection;

c. A description of the weather and soil conditions (e.g. dry, wet, saturated)

at the time of the inspection;

d. A description of the condition of the runoff at all points of discharge from the construction site. This shall include identification of any discharges of sediment from the construction site. Include discharges from conveyance systems (i.e. pipes, culverts, ditches, etc.) and overland flow;

e. A description of the condition of all natural surface waterbodies located

within, or immediately adjacent to, the property boundaries of the construction site which receive runoff from disturbed areas. This shall include identification of any discharges of sediment to the surface waterbody;

f. Identification of all erosion and sediment control practices and pollution

prevention measures that need repair or maintenance;

g. Identification of all erosion and sediment control practices and pollution prevention measures that were not installed properly or are not functioning as designed and need to be reinstalled or replaced;

h. Description and sketch of areas with active soil disturbance activity, areas

that have been disturbed but are inactive at the time of the inspection, and areas that have been stabilized (temporary and/or final) since the last inspection;

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(Part IV.C.4.i) i. Current phase of construction of all post-construction stormwater

management practices and identification of all construction that is not in conformance with the SWPPP and technical standards;

j. Corrective action(s) that must be taken to install, repair, replace or maintain erosion and sediment control practices and pollution prevention measures; and to correct deficiencies identified with the construction of the post-construction stormwater management practice(s);

k. Identification and status of all corrective actions that were required by

previous inspection; and

l. Digital photographs, with date stamp, that clearly show the condition of all practices that have been identified as needing corrective actions. The qualified inspector shall attach paper color copies of the digital photographs to the inspection report being maintained onsite within seven (7) calendar days of the date of the inspection. The qualified inspector shall also take digital photographs, with date stamp, that clearly show the condition of the practice(s) after the corrective action has been completed. The qualified inspector shall attach paper color copies of the digital photographs to the inspection report that documents the completion of the corrective action work within seven (7) calendar days of that inspection.

Within one business day of the completion of an inspection, the qualified

inspector shall notify the owner or operator and appropriate contractor or subcontractor identified in Part III.A.6. of this permit of any corrective actions that need to be taken. The contractor or subcontractor shall begin implementing the corrective actions within one business day of this notification and shall complete the corrective actions in a reasonable time frame.

All inspection reports shall be signed by the qualified inspector. Pursuant to

Part II.C.2. of this permit, the inspection reports shall be maintained on site with the SWPPP.

Part V. TERMINATION OF PERMIT COVERAGE A. Termination of Permit Coverage

An owner or operator that is eligible to terminate coverage under this permit

must submit a completed NOT form to the address in Part II.A.1 of this permit. The NOT form shall be one which is associated with this permit, signed in accordance with Part VII.H of this permit.

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(Part V.A.2) An owner or operator may terminate coverage when one or more the

following conditions have been met:

a. Total project completion - All construction activity identified in the SWPPP

has been completed; and all areas of disturbance have achieved final stabilization; and all temporary, structural erosion and sediment control measures have been removed; and all post-construction stormwater management practices have been constructed in conformance with the SWPPP and are operational;

b. Planned shutdown with partial project completion - All soil disturbance

activities have ceased; and all areas disturbed as of the project shutdown date have achieved final stabilization; and all temporary, structural erosion and sediment control measures have been removed; and all post-construction stormwater management practices required for the completed portion of the project have been constructed in conformance with the SWPPP and are operational;

c. A new owner or operator has obtained coverage under this permit in

accordance with Part II.E. of this permit.

d. The owner or operator obtains coverage under an alternative SPDES general permit or an individual SPDES permit.

For construction activities meeting subdivision 2a. or 2b. of this Part, the

owner or operator shall have the qualified inspector perform a final site inspection prior to submitting the NOT. The qualified inspector shall, by signing the “Final Stabilization” and “Post-Construction Stormwater Management Practice certification statements on the NOT, certify that all the requirements in Part V.A.2.a. or b. of this permit have been achieved.

For construction activities that are subject to the requirements of a regulated, traditional land use control MS4 and meet subdivision 2a. or 2b. of this Part, the owner or operator shall have the regulated, traditional land use control MS4 sign the “MS4 Acceptance” statement on the NOT in accordance with the requirements in Part VII.H. of this permit. The regulated, traditional land use control MS4 official, by signing this statement, has determined that it is acceptable for the owner or operator to submit the NOT in accordance with the requirements of this Part. The regulated, traditional land use control MS4 can make this determination by performing a final site inspection themselves or by accepting the qualified inspector’s final site inspection certification(s) required in Part V.A.3. of this permit.

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(Part V.A.5) For construction activities that require post-construction stormwater

management practices and meet subdivision 2a. of this Part, the owner or operator must, prior to submitting the NOT, ensure one of the following:

a. the post-construction stormwater management practice(s) and any right-

of-way(s) needed to maintain such practice(s) have been deeded to the municipality in which the practice(s) is located,

b. an executed maintenance agreement is in place with the municipality that

will maintain the post-construction stormwater management practice(s),

c. for post-construction stormwater management practices that are privately owned, the owner or operator has a mechanism in place that requires operation and maintenance of the practice(s) in accordance with the operation and maintenance plan, such as a deed covenant in the owner or operator’s deed of record,

d. for post-construction stormwater management practices that are owned

by a public or private institution (e.g. school, university, hospital), government agency or authority, or public utility; the owner or operator has policy and procedures in place that ensures operation and maintenance of the practices in accordance with the operation and maintenance plan.

Part VI. REPORTING AND RETENTION OF RECORDS

A. Record Retention

The owner or operator shall retain a copy of the NOI, NOI Acknowledgment Letter, SWPPP, MS4 SWPPP Acceptance form and any inspection reports that were prepared in conjunction with this permit for a period of at least five (5) years from the date that the Department receives a complete NOT submitted in accordance with Part V. of this general permit.

B. Addresses

With the exception of the NOI, NOT, and MS4 SWPPP Acceptance form (which must be submitted to the address referenced in Part II.A.1 of this permit), all written correspondence requested by the Department, including individual permit applications, shall be sent to the address of the appropriate DOW Water (SPDES) Program contact at the Regional Office listed in Appendix F.

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(Part VII) Part VII. STANDARD PERMIT CONDITIONS

A. Duty to Comply The owner or operator must comply with all conditions of this permit. All contractors and subcontractors associated with the project must comply with the terms of the SWPPP. Any non-compliance with this permit constitutes a violation of the Clean Water Act (CWA) and the ECL and is grounds for an enforcement action against the owner or operator and/or the contractor/subcontractor; permit revocation, suspension or modification; or denial of a permit renewal application. Upon a finding of significant non-compliance with this permit or the applicable SWPPP, the Department may order an immediate stop to all construction activity at the site until the non-compliance is remedied. The stop work order shall be in writing, shall describe the non-compliance in detail, and shall be sent to the owner or operator. If any human remains or archaeological remains are encountered during excavation, the owner or operator must immediately cease, or cause to cease, all construction activity in the area of the remains and notify the appropriate Regional Water Engineer (RWE). Construction activity shall not resume until written permission to do so has been received from the RWE.

B. Continuation of the Expired General Permit This permit expires five (5) years from the effective date. If a new general permit is not issued prior to the expiration of this general permit, an owner or operator with coverage under this permit may continue to operate and discharge in accordance with the terms and conditions of this general permit, if it is extended pursuant to the State Administrative Procedure Act and 6 NYCRR Part 621, until a new general permit is issued. C. Enforcement

Failure of the owner or operator, its contractors, subcontractors, agents and/or assigns to strictly adhere to any of the permit requirements contained herein shall constitute a violation of this permit. There are substantial criminal, civil, and administrative penalties associated with violating the provisions of this permit. Fines of up to $37,500 per day for each violation and imprisonment for up to fifteen (15) years may be assessed depending upon the nature and degree of the offense. D. Need to Halt or Reduce Activity Not a Defense It shall not be a defense for an owner or operator in an enforcement action that it would have been necessary to halt or reduce the construction activity in order to maintain compliance with the conditions of this permit.

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(Part VII.E) E. Duty to Mitigate The owner or operator and its contractors and subcontractors shall take all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent any discharge in violation of this permit which has a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting human health or the environment. F. Duty to Provide Information The owner or operator shall furnish to the Department, within a reasonable specified time period of a written request, all documentation necessary to demonstrate eligibility and any information to determine compliance with this permit or to determine whether cause exists for modifying or revoking this permit, or suspending or denying coverage under this permit, in accordance with the terms and conditions of this permit. The NOI, SWPPP and inspection reports required by this permit are public documents that the owner or operator must make available for review and copying by any person within five (5) business days of the owner or operator receiving a written request by any such person to review these documents. Copying of documents will be done at the requester’s expense. G. Other Information When the owner or operator becomes aware that they failed to submit any relevant facts, or submitted incorrect information in the NOI or in any of the documents required by this permit , or have made substantive revisions to the SWPPP (e.g. the scope of the project changes significantly, the type of post-construction stormwater management practice(s) changes, there is a reduction in the sizing of the post-construction stormwater management practice, or there is an increase in the disturbance area or impervious area), which were not reflected in the original NOI submitted to the Department, they shall promptly submit such facts or information to the Department using the contact information in Part II.A. of this permit. Failure of the owner or operator to correct or supplement any relevant facts within five (5) business days of becoming aware of the deficiency shall constitute a violation of this permit. H. Signatory Requirements

All NOIs and NOTs shall be signed as follows:

a. For a corporation these forms shall be signed by a responsible corporate

officer. For the purpose of this section, a responsible corporate officer means:

(i) a president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-president of the

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(Part VII.H.1.a.i) corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other person who performs similar policy or decision-making functions for the corporation; or

(ii) the manager of one or more manufacturing, production or

operating facilities, provided the manager is authorized to make management decisions which govern the operation of the regulated facility including having the explicit or implicit duty of making major capital investment recommendations, and initiating and directing other comprehensive measures to assure long term environmental compliance with environmental laws and regulations; the manager can ensure that the necessary systems are established or actions taken to gather complete and accurate information for permit application requirements; and where authority to sign documents has been assigned or delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures;

b. For a partnership or sole proprietorship these forms shall be signed by a

general partner or the proprietor, respectively; or

c. For a municipality, State, Federal, or other public agency these forms shall be signed by either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official. For purposes of this section, a principal executive officer of a Federal agency includes:

(i) the chief executive officer of the agency, or (ii) a senior executive officer having responsibility for the overall

operations of a principal geographic unit of the agency (e.g., Regional Administrators of EPA).

The SWPPP and other information requested by the Department shall be

signed by a person described in Part VII.H.1. of this permit or by a duly authorized representative of that person. A person is a duly authorized representative only if:

a. The authorization is made in writing by a person described in Part VII.H.1. of this permit;

b. The authorization specifies either an individual or a position having

responsibility for the overall operation of the regulated facility or activity, such as the position of plant manager, operator of a well or a well field, superintendent, position of equivalent responsibility, or an individual or position having overall responsibility for environmental matters for the company. (A duly authorized representative may thus be either a named

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(Part VII.H.2.b) individual or any individual occupying a named position) and,

c. The written authorization shall include the name, title and signature of the

authorized representative and be attached to the SWPPP.

All inspection reports shall be signed by the qualified inspector that performs the inspection.

The MS4 SWPPP Acceptance form shall be signed by the principal executive officer or ranking elected official from the regulated, traditional land use control MS4, or by a duly authorized representative of that person.

It shall constitute a permit violation if an incorrect and/or improper signatory authorizes any required forms, SWPPP and/or inspection reports.

I. Property Rights

The issuance of this permit does not convey any property rights of any sort, nor any exclusive privileges, nor does it authorize any injury to private property nor any invasion of personal rights, nor any infringement of Federal, State or local laws or regulations. Owners or operators must obtain any applicable conveyances, easements, licenses and/or access to real property prior to commencing construction activity.

J. Severability

The provisions of this permit are severable, and if any provision of this permit, or the application of any provision of this permit to any circumstance, is held invalid, the application of such provision to other circumstances, and the remainder of this permit shall not be affected thereby.

K. Requirement to Obtain Coverage Under an Alternative Permit

The Department may require any owner or operator authorized by this permit to apply for and/or obtain either an individual SPDES permit or another SPDES general permit. When the Department requires any discharger authorized by a general permit to apply for an individual SPDES permit, it shall notify the discharger in writing that a permit application is required. This notice shall include a brief statement of the reasons for this decision, an application form, a statement setting a time frame for the owner or operator to file the application for an individual SPDES permit, and a deadline, not sooner than 180 days from owner or operator receipt of the notification letter, whereby the authorization to

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(Part VII.K.1) discharge under this general permit shall be terminated. Applications must be submitted to the appropriate Permit Administrator at the Regional Office. The Department may grant additional time upon demonstration, to the satisfaction of the Department, that additional time to apply for an alternative authorization is necessary or where the Department has not provided a permit determination in accordance with Part 621 of this Title.

When an individual SPDES permit is issued to a discharger authorized to

discharge under a general SPDES permit for the same discharge(s), the general permit authorization for outfalls authorized under the individual SPDES permit is automatically terminated on the effective date of the individual permit unless termination is earlier in accordance with 6 NYCRR Part 750.

L. Proper Operation and Maintenance The owner or operator shall at all times properly operate and maintain all facilities and systems of treatment and control (and related appurtenances) which are installed or used by the owner or operator to achieve compliance with the conditions of this permit and with the requirements of the SWPPP. M. Inspection and Entry

The owner or operator shall allow an authorized representative of the Department, EPA, applicable county health department, or, in the case of a construction site which discharges through an MS4, an authorized representative of the MS4 receiving the discharge, upon the presentation of credentials and other documents as may be required by law, to:

Enter upon the owner’s or operator's premises where a regulated facility or activity is located or conducted or where records must be kept under the conditions of this permit;

Have access to and copy at reasonable times, any records that must be kept under the conditions of this permit; and

Inspect at reasonable times any facilities or equipment (including monitoring and control equipment), practices or operations regulated or required by this permit.

Sample or monitor at reasonable times, for purposes of assuring permit compliance or as otherwise authorized by the Act or ECL, any substances or parameters at any location.

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(Part VII.N) N. Permit Actions This permit may, at any time, be modified, suspended, revoked, or renewed by the Department in accordance with 6 NYCRR Part 621. The filing of a request by the owner or operator for a permit modification, revocation and reissuance, termination, a notification of planned changes or anticipated noncompliance does not limit, diminish and/or stay compliance with any terms of this permit.

O. Definitions Definitions of key terms are included in Appendix A of this permit. P. Re-Opener Clause

If there is evidence indicating potential or realized impacts on water quality due to any stormwater discharge associated with construction activity covered by this permit, the owner or operator of such discharge may be required to obtain an individual permit or alternative general permit in accordance with Part VII.K. of this permit or the permit may be modified to include different limitations and/or requirements.

Any Department initiated permit modification, suspension or revocation will

be conducted in accordance with 6 NYCRR Part 621, 6 NYCRR 750-1.18, and 6 NYCRR 750-1.20.

Q. Penalties for Falsification of Forms and Reports

In accordance with 6NYCRR Part 750-2.4 and 750-2.5, any person who knowingly makes any false material statement, representation, or certification in any application, record, report or other document filed or required to be maintained under this permit, including reports of compliance or noncompliance shall, upon conviction, be punished in accordance with ECL §71-1933 and or Articles 175 and 210 of the New York State Penal Law. R. Other Permits

Nothing in this permit relieves the owner or operator from a requirement to obtain any other permits required by law.

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APPENDIX A

Definitions Alter Hydrology from Pre to Post-Development Conditions - means the post-development peak flow rate(s) has increased by more than 5% of the pre-developed condition for the design storm of interest (e.g. 10 yr and 100 yr). Combined Sewer - means a sewer that is designed to collect and convey both “sewage” and “stormwater”. Commence (Commencement of) Construction Activities - means the initial disturbance of soils associated with clearing, grading or excavation activities; or other construction related activities that disturb or expose soils such as demolition, stockpiling of fill material, and the initial installation of erosion and sediment control practices required in the SWPPP. See definition for “Construction Activity(ies)” also. Construction Activity(ies) - means any clearing, grading, excavation, filling, demolition or stockpiling activities that result in soil disturbance. Clearing activities can include, but are not limited to, logging equipment operation, the cutting and skidding of trees, stump removal and/or brush root removal. Construction activity does not include routine maintenance that is performed to maintain the original line and grade, hydraulic capacity, or original purpose of a facility. Direct Discharge (to a specific surface waterbody) - means that runoff flows from a construction site by overland flow and the first point of discharge is the specific surface waterbody, or runoff flows from a construction site to a separate storm sewer system and the first point of discharge from the separate storm sewer system is the specific surface waterbody. Discharge(s) - means any addition of any pollutant to waters of the State through an outlet or point source. Environmental Conservation Law (ECL) - means chapter 43-B of the Consolidated Laws of the State of New York, entitled the Environmental Conservation Law. Equivalent (Equivalence) – means that the practice or measure meets all the performance, longevity, maintenance, and safety objectives of the technical standard and will provide an equal or greater degree of water quality protection. Final Stabilization - means that all soil disturbance activities have ceased and a uniform, perennial vegetative cover with a density of eighty (80) percent over the entire pervious surface has been established; or other equivalent stabilization measures, such as permanent landscape mulches, rock rip-rap or washed/crushed stone have been applied

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on all disturbed areas that are not covered by permanent structures, concrete or pavement. General SPDES permit - means a SPDES permit issued pursuant to 6 NYCRR Part 750-1.21 and Section 70-0117 of the ECL authorizing a category of discharges. Groundwater(s) - means waters in the saturated zone. The saturated zone is a subsurface zone in which all the interstices are filled with water under pressure greater than that of the atmosphere. Although the zone may contain gas-filled interstices or interstices filled with fluids other than water, it is still considered saturated. Historic Property – means any building, structure, site, object or district that is listed on the State or National Registers of Historic Places or is determined to be eligible for listing on the State or National Registers of Historic Places. Impervious Area (Cover) - means all impermeable surfaces that cannot effectively infiltrate rainfall. This includes paved, concrete and gravel surfaces (i.e. parking lots, driveways, roads, runways and sidewalks); building rooftops and miscellaneous impermeable structures such as patios, pools, and sheds. Infeasible – means not technologically possible, or not economically practicable and achievable in light of best industry practices. Larger Common Plan of Development or Sale - means a contiguous area where multiple separate and distinct construction activities are occurring, or will occur, under one plan. The term “plan” in “larger common plan of development or sale” is broadly defined as any announcement or piece of documentation (including a sign, public notice or hearing, marketing plan, advertisement, drawing, permit application, State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA) environmental assessment form or other documents, zoning request, computer design, etc.) or physical demarcation (including boundary signs, lot stakes, surveyor markings, etc.) indicating that construction activities may occur on a specific plot. For discrete construction projects that are located within a larger common plan of development or sale that are at least 1/4 mile apart, each project can be treated as a separate plan of development or sale provided any interconnecting road, pipeline or utility project that is part of the same “common plan” is not concurrently being disturbed. Minimize – means reduce and/or eliminate to the extent achievable using control measures (including best management practices) that are technologically available and economically practicable and achievable in light of best industry practices. Municipal Separate Storm Sewer (MS4) - a conveyance or system of conveyances (including roads with drainage systems, municipal streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters,

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ditches, man-made channels, or storm drains): (i) Owned or operated by a State, city, town, borough, county, parish, district,

association, or other public body (created by or pursuant to State law) having jurisdiction over disposal of sewage, industrial wastes, stormwater, or other wastes, including special districts under State law such as a sewer district, flood control district or drainage district, or similar entity, or an Indian tribe or an authorized Indian tribal organization, or a designated and approved management agency under section 208 of the CWA that discharges to surface waters of the State;

(ii) Designed or used for collecting or conveying stormwater; (iii) Which is not a combined sewer; and (iv) Which is not part of a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) as defined at 40

CFR 122.2. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) - means the national system for the issuance of wastewater and stormwater permits under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act). New Development – means any land disturbance that does meet the definition of Redevelopment Activity included in this appendix. NOI Acknowledgment Letter - means the letter that the Department sends to an owner or operator to acknowledge the Department’s receipt and acceptance of a complete Notice of Intent. This letter documents the owner’s or operator’s authorization to discharge in accordance with the general permit for stormwater discharges from construction activity. Owner or Operator - means the person, persons or legal entity which owns or leases the property on which the construction activity is occurring; and/or an entity that has operational control over the construction plans and specifications, including the ability to make modifications to the plans and specifications. Performance Criteria – means the design criteria listed under the “Required Elements” sections in Chapters 5, 6 and 10 of the technical standard, New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual, dated January 2015. It does not include the Sizing Criteria (i.e. WQv, RRv, Cpv, Qp and Qf ) in Part I.C.2. of the permit. Pollutant - means dredged spoil, filter backwash, solid waste, incinerator residue, sewage, garbage, sewage sludge, munitions, chemical wastes, biological materials, radioactive materials, heat, wrecked or discarded equipment, rock, sand and industrial, municipal, agricultural waste and ballast discharged into water; which may cause or might reasonably be expected to cause pollution of the waters of the state in contravention of the standards or guidance values adopted as provided in 6 NYCRR Parts 700 et seq .

39

Qualified Inspector - means a person that is knowledgeable in the principles and practices of erosion and sediment control, such as a licensed Professional Engineer, Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control (CPESC), Registered Landscape Architect, or other Department endorsed individual(s). It can also mean someone working under the direct supervision of, and at the same company as, the licensed Professional Engineer or Registered Landscape Architect, provided that person has training in the principles and practices of erosion and sediment control. Training in the principles and practices of erosion and sediment control means that the individual working under the direct supervision of the licensed Professional Engineer or Registered Landscape Architect has received four (4) hours of Department endorsed training in proper erosion and sediment control principles from a Soil and Water Conservation District, or other Department endorsed entity. After receiving the initial training, the individual working under the direct supervision of the licensed Professional Engineer or Registered Landscape Architect shall receive four (4) hours of training every three (3) years. It can also mean a person that meets the Qualified Professional qualifications in addition to the Qualified Inspector qualifications. Note: Inspections of any post-construction stormwater management practices that include structural components, such as a dam for an impoundment, shall be performed by a licensed Professional Engineer. Qualified Professional - means a person that is knowledgeable in the principles and practices of stormwater management and treatment, such as a licensed Professional Engineer, Registered Landscape Architect or other Department endorsed individual(s). Individuals preparing SWPPPs that require the post-construction stormwater management practice component must have an understanding of the principles of hydrology, water quality management practice design, water quantity control design, and, in many cases, the principles of hydraulics. All components of the SWPPP that involve the practice of engineering, as defined by the NYS Education Law (see Article 145), shall be prepared by, or under the direct supervision of, a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York.. Redevelopment Activity(ies) – means the disturbance and reconstruction of existing impervious area, including impervious areas that were removed from a project site within five (5) years of preliminary project plan submission to the local government (i.e. site plan, subdivision, etc.). Regulated, Traditional Land Use Control MS4 - means a city, town or village with land use control authority that is required to gain coverage under New York State DEC’s SPDES General Permit For Stormwater Discharges from Municipal Separate Stormwater Sewer Systems (MS4s).

40

Routine Maintenance Activity - means construction activity that is performed to maintain the original line and grade, hydraulic capacity, or original purpose of a facility, including, but not limited to:

- Re-grading of gravel roads or parking lots, - Stream bank restoration projects (does not include the placement of spoil material), - Cleaning and shaping of existing roadside ditches and culverts that maintains the approximate original line and grade, and hydraulic capacity of the ditch, - Cleaning and shaping of existing roadside ditches that does not maintain the approximate original grade, hydraulic capacity and purpose of the ditch if the changes to the line and grade, hydraulic capacity or purpose of the ditch are installed to improve water quality and quantity controls (e.g. installing grass lined ditch), - Placement of aggregate shoulder backing that makes the transition between the road shoulder and the ditch or embankment, - Full depth milling and filling of existing asphalt pavements, replacement of concrete pavement slabs, and similar work that does not expose soil or disturb the bottom six (6) inches of subbase material, - Long-term use of equipment storage areas at or near highway maintenance facilities, - Removal of sediment from the edge of the highway to restore a previously existing sheet-flow drainage connection from the highway surface to the highway ditch or embankment, - Existing use of Canal Corp owned upland disposal sites for the canal, and - Replacement of curbs, gutters, sidewalks and guide rail posts.

Site limitations – means site conditions that prevent the use of an infiltration technique and or infiltration of the total WQv. Typical site limitations include: seasonal high groundwater, shallow depth to bedrock, and soils with an infiltration rate less than 0.5 inches/hour. The existence of site limitations shall be confirmed and documented using actual field testing (i.e. test pits, soil borings, and infiltration test) or using information from the most current United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Survey for the County where the project is located. Sizing Criteria – means the criteria included in Part I.C.2 of the permit that are used to size post-construction stormwater management control practices. The criteria include; Water Quality Volume (WQv), Runoff Reduction Volume (RRv), Channel Protection Volume (Cpv), Overbank Flood (Qp), and Extreme Flood (Qf). State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) - means the system established pursuant to Article 17 of the ECL and 6 NYCRR Part 750 for issuance of permits authorizing discharges to the waters of the state. Steep Slope – means land area with a Soil Slope Phase that is identified as an E or F, or

41

the map unit name is inclusive of 25% or greater slope, on the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) Soil Survey for the County where the disturbance will occur. Surface Waters of the State - shall be construed to include lakes, bays, sounds, ponds, impounding reservoirs, springs, rivers, streams, creeks, estuaries, marshes, inlets, canals, the Atlantic ocean within the territorial seas of the state of New York and all other bodies of surface water, natural or artificial, inland or coastal, fresh or salt, public or private (except those private waters that do not combine or effect a junction with natural surface waters), which are wholly or partially within or bordering the state or within its jurisdiction. Waters of the state are further defined in 6 NYCRR Parts 800 to 941. Temporarily Ceased – means that an existing disturbed area will not be disturbed again within 14 calendar days of the previous soil disturbance. Temporary Stabilization - means that exposed soil has been covered with material(s) as set forth in the technical standard, New York Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control, to prevent the exposed soil from eroding. The materials can include, but are not limited to, mulch, seed and mulch, and erosion control mats (e.g. jute twisted yarn, excelsior wood fiber mats). Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) - A TMDL is the sum of the allowable loads of a single pollutant from all contributing point and nonpoint sources. It is a calculation of the maximum amount of a pollutant that a waterbody can receive on a daily basis and still meet water quality standards, and an allocation of that amount to the pollutant's sources. A TMDL stipulates wasteload allocations (WLAs) for point source discharges, load allocations (LAs) for nonpoint sources, and a margin of safety (MOS). Trained Contractor - means an employee from the contracting (construction) company, identified in Part III.A.6., that has received four (4) hours of Department endorsed training in proper erosion and sediment control principles from a Soil and Water Conservation District, or other Department endorsed entity. After receiving the initial training, the trained contractor shall receive four (4) hours of training every three (3) years. It can also mean an employee from the contracting (construction) company, identified in Part III.A.6., that meets the qualified inspector qualifications (e.g. licensed Professional Engineer, Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control (CPESC), Registered Landscape Architect, or someone working under the direct supervision of, and at the same company as, the licensed Professional Engineer or Registered Landscape Architect, provided they have received four (4) hours of Department endorsed training in proper erosion and sediment control principles from a Soil and Water Conservation District, or other Department endorsed entity). The trained contractor is responsible for the day to day implementation of the SWPPP. Uniform Procedures Act (UPA) Permit - means a permit required under 6 NYCRR Part

42

621 of the Environmental Conservation Law (ECL), Article 70. Water Quality Standard - means such measures of purity or quality for any waters in relation to their reasonable and necessary use as promulgated in 6 NYCRR Part 700 et seq.

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APPENDIX B

Required SWPPP Components by Project Type

Table 1

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES THAT REQUIRE THE PREPARATION OF A SWPPP THAT ONLY INCLUDES EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS

The following construction activities that involve soil disturbances of one (1) or more acres of land, but less than five (5) acres:

• Single family home not located in one of the watersheds listed in Appendix C or not directly discharging to one of the 303(d) segments listed in Appendix E

• Single family residential subdivisions with 25% or less impervious cover at total site build-out and not located in one of the watersheds listed in Appendix C and not directly discharging to one of the 303(d) segments listed in Appendix E

• Construction of a barn or other agricultural building, silo, stock yard or pen. The following construction activities that involve soil disturbances of one (1) or more acres of land:

• Installation of underground, linear utilities; such as gas lines, fiber-optic cable, cable TV,

electric, telephone, sewer mains, and water mains • Environmental enhancement projects, such as wetland mitigation projects, stormwater

retrofits and stream restoration projects • Bike paths and trails • Sidewalk construction projects that are not part of a road/ highway construction or

reconstruction project • Slope stabilization projects • Slope flattening that changes the grade of the site, but does not significantly change the

runoff characteristics • Spoil areas that will be covered with vegetation • Land clearing and grading for the purposes of creating vegetated open space (i.e.

recreational parks, lawns, meadows, fields), excluding projects that alter hydrology from pre to post development conditions

• Athletic fields (natural grass) that do not include the construction or reconstruction of impervious area and do not alter hydrology from pre to post development conditions

• Demolition project where vegetation will be established and no redevelopment is planned • Overhead electric transmission line project that does not include the construction of

permanent access roads or parking areas surfaced with impervious cover • Structural practices as identified in Table II in the “Agricultural Management Practices

Catalog for Nonpoint Source Pollution in New York State”, excluding projects that involve soil disturbances of less than five acres and construction activities that include the construction or reconstruction of impervious area

The following construction activities that involve soil disturbances between five thousand (5000) square feet and one (1) acre of land:

• All construction activities located in the watersheds identified in Appendix D that involve soil disturbances between five thousand (5,000) square feet and one (1) acre of land.

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Table 2

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES THAT REQUIRE THE PREPARATION OF A SWPPP THAT INCLUDES POST-CONSTRUCTION STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

The following construction activities that involve soil disturbances of one (1) or more acres of land:

• Single family home located in one of the watersheds listed in Appendix C or directly discharging to one of the 303(d) segments listed in Appendix E

• Single family residential subdivisions located in one of the watersheds listed in Appendix C or directly discharging to one of the 303(d) segments listed in Appendix E

• Single family residential subdivisions that involve soil disturbances of between one (1) and five (5) acres of land with greater than 25% impervious cover at total site build-out

• Single family residential subdivisions that involve soil disturbances of five (5) or more acres of land, and single family residential subdivisions that involve soil disturbances of less than five (5) acres that are part of a larger common plan of development or sale that will ultimately disturb five or more acres of land

• Multi-family residential developments; includes townhomes, condominiums, senior housing complexes, apartment complexes, and mobile home parks

• Airports • Amusement parks • Campgrounds • Cemeteries that include the construction or reconstruction of impervious area (>5% of

disturbed area) or alter the hydrology from pre to post development conditions • Commercial developments • Churches and other places of worship • Construction of a barn or other agricultural building(e.g. silo) and structural practices as

identified in Table II in the “Agricultural Management Practices Catalog for Nonpoint Source Pollution in New York State” that include the construction or reconstruction of impervious area, excluding projects that involve soil disturbances of less than five acres.

• Golf courses • Institutional, includes hospitals, prisons, schools and colleges • Industrial facilities, includes industrial parks • Landfills • Municipal facilities; includes highway garages, transfer stations, office buildings, POTW’s

and water treatment plants • Office complexes • Sports complexes • Racetracks, includes racetracks with earthen (dirt) surface • Road construction or reconstruction • Parking lot construction or reconstruction • Athletic fields (natural grass) that include the construction or reconstruction of impervious

area (>5% of disturbed area) or alter the hydrology from pre to post development conditions • Athletic fields with artificial turf • Permanent access roads, parking areas, substations, compressor stations and well drilling

pads, surfaced with impervious cover, and constructed as part of an over-head electric transmission line project , wind-power project, cell tower project, oil or gas well drilling project, sewer or water main project or other linear utility project

• All other construction activities that include the construction or reconstruction of impervious area or alter the hydrology from pre to post development conditions, and are not listed in Table 1

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APPENDIX C

Watersheds Where Enhanced Phosphorus Removal Standards Are Required

Watersheds where owners or operators of construction activities identified in Table 2 of Appendix B must prepare a SWPPP that includes post-construction stormwater management practices designed in conformance with the Enhanced Phosphorus Removal Standards included in the technical standard, New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual (“Design Manual”).

• Entire New York City Watershed located east of the Hudson River - Figure 1 • Onondaga Lake Watershed - Figure 2 • Greenwood Lake Watershed -Figure 3 • Oscawana Lake Watershed – Figure 4 • Kinderhook Lake Watershed – Figure 5

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Figure 1 - New York City Watershed East of the Hudson

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Figure 2 - Onondaga Lake Watershed

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Figure 3 - Greenwood Lake Watershed

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Figure 4 - Oscawana Lake Watershed

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APPENDIX D Watersheds where owners or operators of construction activities that involve soil disturbances between five thousand (5000) square feet and one (1) acre of land must obtain coverage under this permit.

Entire New York City Watershed that is located east of the Hudson River - See Figure 1 in Appendix C

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APPENDIX E

List of 303(d) segments impaired by pollutants related to construction activity (e.g. silt, sediment or nutrients). Owners or operators of single family home and single family residential subdivisions with 25% or less total impervious cover at total site build-out that involve soil disturbances of one or more acres of land, but less than 5 acres, and directly discharge to one of the listed segments below shall prepare a SWPPP that includes post-construction stormwater management practices designed in conformance with the New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual (“Design Manual”), dated January 2015.

COUNTY WATERBODY COUNTY WATERBODY Albany Ann Lee (Shakers) Pond, Stump Pond Albany Basic Creek Reservoir Allegheny Amity Lake, Saunders Pond Bronx Van Cortlandt Lake Broome Whitney Point Lake/Reservoir Broome Fly Pond, Deer Lake Broome Minor Tribs to Lower Susquehanna

(north) Cattaraugus Allegheny River/Reservoir Cattaraugus Case Lake Cattaraugus Linlyco/Club Pond Cayuga Duck Lake Chautauqua Chautauqua Lake, North Chautauqua Chautauqua Lake, South Chautauqua Bear Lake Chautauqua Chadakoin River and tribs Chautauqua Lower Cassadaga Lake Chautauqua Middle Cassadaga Lake Chautauqua Findley Lake Clinton Great Chazy River, Lower, Main Stem Columbia Kinderhook Lake Columbia Robinson Pond Dutchess Hillside Lake Dutchess Wappinger Lakes Dutchess Fall Kill and tribs Erie Green Lake Erie Scajaquada Creek, Lower, and tribs Erie Scajaquada Creek, Middle, and tribs Erie Scajaquada Creek, Upper, and tribs Erie Rush Creek and tribs Erie Ellicott Creek, Lower, and tribs Erie Beeman Creek and tribs Erie Murder Creek, Lower, and tribs Erie South Branch Smoke Cr, Lower, and

tribs Erie Little Sister Creek, Lower, and tribs Essex Lake George (primary county: Warren) Genesee Black Creek, Upper, and minor tribs Genesee Tonawanda Creek, Middle, Main Stem Genesee Oak Orchard Creek, Upper, and tribs Genesee Bowen Brook and tribs Genesee Bigelow Creek and tribs Genesee Black Creek, Middle, and minor tribs Genesee LeRoy Reservoir Greene Schoharie Reservoir

Greene Sleepy Hollow Lake Herkimer Steele Creek tribs Kings Hendrix Creek Lewis Mill Creek/South Branch and tribs Livingston Conesus Lake Livingston Jaycox Creek and tribs Livingston Mill Creek and minor tribs Livingston Bradner Creek and tribs Livingston Christie Creek and tribs Monroe Lake Ontario Shoreline, Western Monroe Mill Creek/Blue Pond Outlet and tribs Monroe Rochester Embayment - East Monroe Rochester Embayment - West Monroe Unnamed Trib to Honeoye Creek Monroe Genesee River, Lower, Main Stem Monroe Genesee River, Middle, Main Stem Monroe Black Creek, Lower, and minor tribs Monroe Buck Pond Monroe Long Pond Monroe Cranberry Pond Monroe Mill Creek and tribs Monroe Shipbuilders Creek and tribs Monroe Minor tribs to Irondequoit Bay Monroe Thomas Creek/White Brook and tribs Nassau Glen Cove Creek, Lower, and tribs Nassau LI Tribs (fresh) to East Bay Nassau East Meadow Brook, Upper, and tribs Nassau Hempstead Bay Nassau Hempstead Lake Nassau Grant Park Pond Nassau Beaver Lake Nassau Camaans Pond Nassau Halls Pond Nassau LI Tidal Tribs to Hempstead Bay Nassau Massapequa Creek and tribs Nassau Reynolds Channel, east Nassau Reynolds Channel, west Nassau Silver Lake, Lofts Pond Nassau Woodmere Channel Niagara Hyde Park Lake Niagara Lake Ontario Shoreline, Western Niagara Bergholtz Creek and tribs Oneida Ballou, Nail Creeks Onondaga Ley Creek and tribs Onondaga Onondaga Creek, Lower and tribs

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APPENDIX E

List of 303(d) segments impaired by pollutants related to construction activity, cont’d.

COUNTY WATERBODY COUNTY WATERBODY Onondaga Onondaga Creek, Middle and tribs Onondaga Onondaga Creek, Upp, and minor tribs Onondaga Harbor Brook, Lower, and tribs Onondaga Ninemile Creek, Lower, and tribs Onondaga Minor tribs to Onondaga Lake Onondaga Onondaga Creek, Lower, and tribs Ontario Honeoye Lake Ontario Hemlock Lake Outlet and minor tribs Ontario Great Brook and minor tribs Orange Monhagen Brook and tribs Orange Orange Lake Orleans Lake Ontario Shoreline, Western Oswego Pleasant Lake Oswego Lake Neatahwanta Putnam Oscawana Lake Putnam Palmer Lake Putnam Lake Carmel Queens Jamaica Bay, Eastern, and tribs (Queens) Queens Bergen Basin Queens Shellbank Basin Rensselaer Nassau Lake Rensselaer Snyders Lake Richmond Grasmere, Arbutus and Wolfes Lakes Rockland Congers Lake, Swartout Lake Rockland Rockland Lake Saratoga Ballston Lake Saratoga Round Lake Saratoga Dwaas Kill and tribs Saratoga Tribs to Lake Lonely Saratoga Lake Lonely Schenectady Collins Lake Schenectady Duane Lake Schenectady Mariaville Lake Schoharie Engleville Pond Schoharie Summit Lake Schuyler Cayuta Lake St. Lawrence Fish Creek and minor tribs St. Lawrence Black Lake Outlet/Black Lake Steuben Lake Salubria Steuben Smith Pond Suffolk Millers Pond Suffolk Mattituck (Marratooka) Pond Suffolk Tidal tribs to West Moriches Bay Suffolk Canaan Lake Suffolk Lake Ronkonkoma Suffolk Beaverdam Creek and tribs Suffolk Big/Little Fresh Ponds Suffolk Fresh Pond Suffolk Great South Bay, East Suffolk Great South Bay, Middle

Suffolk Great South Bay, West Suffolk Mill and Seven Ponds Suffolk Moriches Bay, East Suffolk Moriches Bay, West Suffolk Quantuck Bay Suffolk Shinnecock Bay (and Inlet) Sullivan Bodine, Montgomery Lakes Sullivan Davies Lake Sullivan Pleasure Lake Sullivan Swan Lake Tompkins Cayuga Lake, Southern End Tompkins Owasco Inlet, Upper, and tribs Ulster Ashokan Reservoir Ulster Esopus Creek, Upper, and minor

tribs Ulster Esopus Creek, Lower, Main Stem Ulster Esopus Creek, Middle, and minor

tribs Warren Lake George Warren Tribs to L.George, Village of L

George Warren Huddle/Finkle Brooks and tribs Warren Indian Brook and tribs Warren Hague Brook and tribs Washington Tribs to L.George, East Shr Lk

George Washington Cossayuna Lake Washington Wood Cr/Champlain Canal, minor

tribs Wayne Port Bay Wayne Marbletown Creek and tribs Westchester Lake Katonah Westchester Lake Mohegan Westchester Lake Shenorock Westchester Reservoir No.1 (Lake Isle) Westchester Saw Mill River, Middle, and tribs Westchester Silver Lake Westchester Teatown Lake Westchester Truesdale Lake Westchester Wallace Pond Westchester Peach Lake Westchester Mamaroneck River, Lower Westchester Mamaroneck River, Upp, and tribs Westchester Sheldrake River and tribs Westchester Blind Brook, Lower Westchester Blind Brook, Upper, and tribs Westchester Lake Lincolndale Westchester Lake Meahaugh Wyoming Java Lake Wyoming Silver Lake

Note: The list above identifies those waters from the final New York State “2014 Section 303(d) List of Impaired Waters Requiring a TMDL/Other Strategy”, dated January 2015, that are impaired by silt, sediment or nutrients.

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APPENDIX F

LIST OF NYS DEC REGIONAL OFFICES

Region COVERING THE FOLLOWING COUNTIES:

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL

PERMITS (DEP) PERMIT ADMINISTRATORS

DIVISION OF WATER (DOW)

WATER (SPDES)

PROGRAM

1 NASSAU AND SUFFOLK 50 CIRCLE ROAD STONY BROOK, NY 11790 TEL. (631) 444-0365

50 CIRCLE ROAD STONY BROOK, NY 11790-3409 TEL. (631) 444-0405

2 BRONX, KINGS, NEW YORK, QUEENS AND RICHMOND

1 HUNTERS POINT PLAZA, 47-40 21ST ST. LONG ISLAND CITY, NY 11101-5407 TEL. (718) 482-4997

1 HUNTERS POINT PLAZA, 47-40 21ST ST. LONG ISLAND CITY, NY 11101-5407 TEL. (718) 482-4933

3 DUTCHESS, ORANGE, PUTNAM, ROCKLAND, SULLIVAN, ULSTER AND WESTCHESTER

21 SOUTH PUTT CORNERS ROAD NEW PALTZ, NY 12561-1696 TEL. (845) 256-3059

100 HILLSIDE AVENUE, SUITE 1W WHITE PLAINS, NY 10603 TEL. (914) 428 - 2505

4 ALBANY, COLUMBIA, DELAWARE, GREENE, MONTGOMERY, OTSEGO, RENSSELAER, SCHENECTADY AND SCHOHARIE

1150 NORTH WESTCOTT ROAD SCHENECTADY, NY 12306-2014 TEL. (518) 357-2069

1130 NORTH WESTCOTT ROAD SCHENECTADY, NY 12306-2014 TEL. (518) 357-2045

5 CLINTON, ESSEX, FRANKLIN, FULTON, HAMILTON, SARATOGA, WARREN AND WASHINGTON

1115 STATE ROUTE 86, PO BOX 296 RAY BROOK, NY 12977-0296 TEL. (518) 897-1234

232 GOLF COURSE ROAD WARRENSBURG, NY 12885-1172 TEL. (518) 623-1200

6 HERKIMER, JEFFERSON, LEWIS, ONEIDA AND ST. LAWRENCE

STATE OFFICE BUILDING 317 WASHINGTON STREET WATERTOWN, NY 13601-3787 TEL. (315) 785-2245

STATE OFFICE BUILDING 207 GENESEE STREET UTICA, NY 13501-2885 TEL. (315) 793-2554

7 BROOME, CAYUGA, CHENANGO, CORTLAND, MADISON, ONONDAGA, OSWEGO, TIOGA AND TOMPKINS

615 ERIE BLVD. WEST SYRACUSE, NY 13204-2400 TEL. (315) 426-7438

615 ERIE BLVD. WEST SYRACUSE, NY 13204-2400 TEL. (315) 426-7500

8 CHEMUNG, GENESEE, LIVINGSTON, MONROE, ONTARIO, ORLEANS, SCHUYLER, SENECA, STEUBEN, WAYNE AND YATES

6274 EAST AVON-LIMA ROAD AVON, NY 14414-9519 TEL. (585) 226-2466

6274 EAST AVON-LIMA RD. AVON, NY 14414-9519 TEL. (585) 226-2466

9 ALLEGANY, CATTARAUGUS, CHAUTAUQUA, ERIE, NIAGARA AND WYOMING

270 MICHIGAN AVENUE BUFFALO, NY 14203-2999 TEL. (716) 851-7165

270 MICHIGAN AVE. BUFFALO, NY 14203-2999 TEL. (716) 851-7070

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ATTACHMENT C – INSPECTION REPORT

NYSDEC website link to the NYS Standards and Specification for Erosion and Sediment Control, Appendix H – Construction Site Log Book: http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8694.html


Sketch Map

XX/XX/XXXXX

Date of Inspection

X, CPESC x

Qualified Inspector Qualified Inspector Signature

The above signed acknowledges that, to the best of his/her knowledge, all information provided on the form is accurate and complete.


Maintaining Water Quality Yes No NA

Is there an increase in turbidity causing a substantial visible contrast to natural conditions?

Is there residue from oil and floating substances, visible oil film, or globules or grease?

All disturbance is within the limits of the approved plans.

Have receiving lake, bay, stream, and/or wetland been impacted by silt from Project?

Comment:

Housekeeping 1. General Site Conditions Yes No NA

Is construction site litter and debris appropriately managed?

Are facilities and equipment necessary for implementation of erosion and sediment control in working order and/or properly maintained?

Is construction impacting the adjacent property?

Is dust adequately controlled?

Comment:

2. Temporary Stream Crossing Yes No NA

Maximum diameter pipes necessary to span creek without dredging are installed.

Installed non‐woven geotextile fabric beneath approaches.

Is fill composed of aggregate (no earth or soil)?

Rock on approaches is clean enough to remove mud from vehicles & prevent sediment from entering stream during high flow.

Comment:


Runoff Control Practices 1. Excavation Dewatering Yes No NA

Upstream and downstream berms (sandbags, inflatable dams, etc.) are installed per plan

Clean water from upstream pool is being pumped to the downstream pool.

Sediment laden water from work area is being discharged to a silt‐trapping device.

Constructed upstream berm with one‐foot minimum freeboard.

Comment:

2. Level Spreader Yes No NA

Installed per plan.

Constructed on undisturbed soil, not on fill, receiving only clear, non‐sediment flow.

Flow sheets out of level spreader without erosion on downstream edge.

Comment:

3. Interceptor Dikes and Swales Yes No NA

Installed per plan with minimum side slopes 2H: 1V or flatter.

Stabilized by geotextile fabric, seed, or mulch with no erosion occurring.

Sediment‐laden runoff directed to sediment trapping structure

Comment:

4. Stone Check Dam Yes No NA

Is channel stable? (flow is not eroding soil underneath or around the structure).

Check is in good condition (rocks in place and no permanent pools behind the structure).

Has accumulated sediment been removed?

Comment:


Runoff Control Practices (continued) 5. Rock Outlet Protection Yes No NA

Installed per plan.

Installed concurrently with pipe installation.

Comment:

Soil Stabilization 1. Topsoil and Spoil Stockpile Yes No NA

Stockpiles are stabilized with vegetation and/or mulch.

Sediment control is installed at the toe of the slope.

Comment:

2. Revegetation Yes No NA

Temporary seeding and mulch have been applied to idle areas.

4 inches minimum of topsoil has been applied under permanent seeding.

Comment:

Sediment Control Practices 1. Stabilized Construction Entrance Yes No NA

Stone is clean enough to effectively remove mud from vehicles.

Installed per standards and specifications?

Does all traffic use the stabilized entrance to enter and leave site?

Is adequate drainage provided to prevent ponding at entrance?

Comment:


Sediment Control Practices (continued) 2. Silt Fence Yes No NA

Installed on Contour, 10 feet from toe of slope (not across conveyance channels).

Joints constructed by wrapping the two ends together for continuous support.

Fabric buried 6 inches minimum.

Posts are stable, fabric is tight and without rips or frayed areas.

Sediment accumulation 0% of design capacity.

Comment:

3. Storm Drain Inlet Protection (Use for Stone & Block; Filter Fabric; Curb; or, Excavated

practices)

Yes No NA

Installed concrete blocks lengthwise so open ends face outward, not upward.

Placed wire screen between No.3 crushed stone and concrete blocks.

Drainage area is 1 acre or less.

Excavated area is 900 cubic feet.

Excavated side slopes should be 2:1.

2"x 4"frame is constructed and structurally sound.

Posts 3‐foot maximum spacing between posts.

Fabric is embedded 1 to 1.5 feet below ground and secured to frame/posts with staples at max 8‐inchs pacing.

Posts are stable, fabric is tight and without rips or frayed areas.


Comment:


Sediment Control Practices (continued)

4. Temporary Sediment Trap

Yes No NA Outlet structure is constructed per the approved plan or drawing.

Geotextile fabric has been placed beneath rock fill.


Comment:

5. Temporary Sediment Basin

Yes No NA Basin and outlet structure constructed per the approved plan.

Basin side slopes are stabilized with seed/mulch.

Drainage structure flushed and basin surface restored upon removal of sediment basin facility.


Comment:

Note: Not all erosion and sediment control practices are included in this listing. Add

additional pages to this list as required by site‐specific design.

**Include photographic documentation of each item of concern as well as items that have

been addressed/corrected from previous inspections.


Time on Site: Time off Site:

General Weather

Conditions

Soil Conditions:

General Comments:

Detailed Site Conditions:

Discharge points and Waterbodies:

Access:

Electrical:

Erosion & Sediment Controls:

Pre‐Construction Look Ahead:

SWPPP Amendments Required:

Please see the date and time stamped photos on the next page that illustrate current conditions

and captions that specify this inspection’s action items and observations. If there are any

questions, comments, or concerns regarding the contents of this report, please feel free to

contact me. Also please contact me for a pre‐construction look ahead as needed. This Qualified

Inspector is available at XXX‐XXX‐XXXX, or email [email protected] .

Observation: Insert caption concerning Action Item, Repeat Action Item, Ongoing Action Item or observation here. Include location information.


ATTACHMENT D – STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE PLANS

SWPPP Drawings are under development and will be provided as part of the Final SWPPP.


ATTACHMENT E – AMENDMENTS TO THE SWPPP (IF APPLICABLE)


AMENDMENTS TO STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN

The Owner/Operator shall have a qualified professional amend the SWPPP when one or more of the following occur:

Whenever the current provisions prove to be ineffective in minimizing pollutants in stormwater discharges from the site;

Whenever there is a change in design, construction, or operation at the construction site that has or could have an effect on the discharge of pollutants; and

To address issues or deficiencies identified during an inspection by the qualified inspector, the Department or other regulatory authority.

The following information should also be documented in this section:

Dates when major grading activities occur;

Dates when construction activities temporarily or permanently cease on a portion of the Facility Site; and

Dates when stabilization measures (temporary and permanent) are initiated.


AMENDMENTS TO STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN

Date Person Amending

SWPPP (Name and Title)

Page(s), Figure(s), or Plan(s) Where Amendments Made

Details of Amendment (e.g., Proposed BMPs)


ATTACHMENT F – NOTICE OF INTENT (NOI)

The Completed NOI will be included with the Final SWPPP.


ATTACHMENT G – EVIDENCE OF NYSDEC RECEIPT OF NOI

This documentation will be provided once the NOI has been developed and submitted.


ATTACHMENT H – SPILL PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROCEDURES

Specific Owner/Operation spill control policy and SPCC will be provided once Project‐related on‐

site storage is specifically determined. This will be provided for the Final SWPPP.


ATTACHMENT I – PERMITS AND APPROVALS, AGENCY CORRESPONDENCE, AND NOTIFICATIONS & SPECIES INFORMATION

Project‐related permitting is ongoing. Once permitting has been finalized, the correspondence

and final permitting will accompany the Final SWPPP.


ATTACHMENT J – NOTICE OF TERMINATION (NOT)


ATTACHMENT K – APPLICABLE EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PRACTICES

Applicable NYS Standard and Standards and Specifications for erosion and sediment controls will

be provided in this attachment to act as an onsite reference of the designated approved

practices in conformance with NYS. This will be included once the SWPPP drawings have been

finalized.


ATTACHMENT L – OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PLAN

The Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Plan will be included as required by the NYS

Stormwater Design Manual. Practices selected for the post‐construction stormwater

management and permanent structural components will determine the content of the O&M

Plan and be provided in the Final SWPPP.


ATTACHMENT M – SOILS INFORMATION

United StatesDepartment ofAgriculture

A product of the NationalCooperative Soil Survey,a joint effort of the UnitedStates Department ofAgriculture and otherFederal agencies, Stateagencies including theAgricultural ExperimentStations, and localparticipants

Custom Soil Resource Report for

Steuben County, New York

NaturalResourcesConservationService

November 8, 2017

Eight Point Wind Energy Center Wind Farm Project Area

PrefaceSoil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?cid=nrcs142p2_053951).

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require

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http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/


https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs

http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?cid=nrcs142p2_053951


alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

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ContentsPreface.................................................................................................................... 2How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................6Soil Map.................................................................................................................. 9

Soil Map..............................................................................................................10Legend................................................................................................................11Map Unit Legend................................................................................................ 12Map Unit Descriptions........................................................................................ 13

Steuben County, New York............................................................................. 16Aa—Alden silt loam..................................................................................... 16AlB—Alton gravelly fine sandy loam, undulating.........................................17ARC—Arnot channery silt loam, 2 to 20 percent slopes............................. 18BaB—Bath channery silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes............................... 20BaC—Bath channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes............................. 22BaD—Bath channery silt loam, 20 to 30 percent slopes............................. 23BBE—Bath soils, steep............................................................................... 24BrA—Braceville gravelly silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes............................ 26Ch—Chenango channery silt loam, fan.......................................................27Ck—Chippewa channery silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes........................... 29FL—Fluvaquents and Ochrepts.................................................................. 30HfC—Hornell-Fremont silt loams, 6 to 12 percent slopes........................... 32HHE—Hornell and Fremont silt loams, 20 to 50 percent slopes................. 34HoC—Howard gravelly loam, rolling........................................................... 36HrC—Howard-Madrid complex, rolling........................................................38HrD—Howard-Madrid complex, 20 to 30 percent slopes............................ 40KaD—Kanona silty clay loam, 6 to 20 percent slopes.................................42LaB—Lackawanna channery silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes...................44LaC—Lackawanna channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes.................45LC—Lackawanna-Wellsboro association, extremely stony.........................47LoC—Lordstown channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes.................... 49LRE—Lordstown-Arnot association, steep..................................................50LRF—Lordstown-Arnot association, very steep.......................................... 52MdB—Mardin channery silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes............................. 54MdC—Mardin channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes...........................56MdD—Mardin channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes.........................57MnC—Mardin and Volusia channery silt loams, silty substratum, 6 to

12 percent slopes..................................................................................59MrB—Morris channery silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes...............................61MrC—Morris channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes.............................62MSB—Morris channery silt loam, gently sloping, extremely stony..............64OC—Ochrepts and Orthents....................................................................... 65OgB—Oquaga channery silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes......................... 67OgC—Oquaga channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes....................... 68OgD—Oquaga channery silt loam, 20 to 30 percent slopes....................... 70VoB—Volusia channery silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes............................. 71

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VoC—Volusia channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes........................... 73VoD—Volusia channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes......................... 74W—Water....................................................................................................75Wn—Wayland soils complex, non-calcareous substratum, 0 to 3

percent slopes, frequently flooded........................................................76WoB—Wellsboro channery silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes........................78WoC—Wellsboro channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes......................79WoD—Wellsboro channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes....................81

References............................................................................................................83

Custom Soil Resource Report

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How Soil Surveys Are MadeSoil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.

Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil

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scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research.

The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.

Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and


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identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.


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Soil MapThe soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.

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Custom Soil Resource ReportSoil Map

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272000 274000 276000 278000 280000 282000 284000

272000 274000 276000 278000 280000 282000 284000

42° 9' 20'' N77

° 4

6' 3

'' W42° 9' 20'' N

77° 3

6' 1

1'' W

41° 59' 37'' N

77° 4

6' 3

'' W

41° 59' 37'' N

77° 3

6' 1

1'' W

N

Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 18N WGS840 4000 8000 16000 24000

Feet0 1000 2000 4000 6000

MetersMap Scale: 1:87,600 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.

MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION

Area of Interest (AOI)Area of Interest (AOI)

SoilsSoil Map Unit Polygons

Soil Map Unit Lines

Soil Map Unit Points

Special Point FeaturesBlowout

Borrow Pit

Clay Spot

Closed Depression

Gravel Pit

Gravelly Spot

Landfill

Lava Flow

Marsh or swamp

Mine or Quarry

Miscellaneous Water

Perennial Water

Rock Outcrop

Saline Spot

Sandy Spot

Severely Eroded Spot

Sinkhole

Slide or Slip

Sodic Spot

Spoil Area

Stony Spot

Very Stony Spot

Wet Spot

Other

Special Line Features

Water FeaturesStreams and Canals

TransportationRails

Interstate Highways

US Routes

Major Roads

Local Roads

BackgroundAerial Photography

The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:15,800.

Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements.

Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation ServiceWeb Soil Survey URL: Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)

Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required.

This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below.

Soil Survey Area: Steuben County, New YorkSurvey Area Data: Version 14, Oct 8, 2017

Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger.

Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Dec 31, 2009—May 8, 2016

The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.


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Map Unit Legend

Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI

Aa Alden silt loam 29.1 0.2%

AlB Alton gravelly fine sandy loam, undulating

12.8 0.1%

ARC Arnot channery silt loam, 2 to 20 percent slopes

203.1 1.3%

BaB Bath channery silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes

5.0 0.0%

BaC Bath channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes

4.7 0.0%

BaD Bath channery silt loam, 20 to 30 percent slopes

18.5 0.1%

BBE Bath soils, steep 86.1 0.6%

BrA Braceville gravelly silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

6.5 0.0%

Ch Chenango channery silt loam, fan

63.2 0.4%

Ck Chippewa channery silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

62.9 0.4%

FL Fluvaquents and Ochrepts 311.6 2.0%

HfC Hornell-Fremont silt loams, 6 to 12 percent slopes

1.7 0.0%

HHE Hornell and Fremont silt loams, 20 to 50 percent slopes

30.2 0.2%

HoC Howard gravelly loam, rolling 108.9 0.7%

HrC Howard-Madrid complex, rolling 170.9 1.1%

HrD Howard-Madrid complex, 20 to 30 percent slopes

4.5 0.0%

KaD Kanona silty clay loam, 6 to 20 percent slopes

15.7 0.1%

LaB Lackawanna channery silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes

383.3 2.5%

LaC Lackawanna channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes

332.5 2.2%

LC Lackawanna-Wellsboro association, extremely stony

648.6 4.2%

LoC Lordstown channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes

0.6 0.0%

LRE Lordstown-Arnot association, steep

29.3 0.2%

LRF Lordstown-Arnot association, very steep

289.2 1.9%

MdB Mardin channery silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

650.9 4.3%


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MdC Mardin channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes

568.9 3.7%

MdD Mardin channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes

281.2 1.8%

MnC Mardin and Volusia channery silt loams, silty substratum, 6 to 12 percent slopes

40.6 0.3%

MrB Morris channery silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

1,644.4 10.8%

MrC Morris channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes

624.0 4.1%

MSB Morris channery silt loam, gently sloping, extremely stony

1,575.5 10.3%

OC Ochrepts and Orthents 82.2 0.5%

OgB Oquaga channery silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes

1,566.9 10.2%

OgC Oquaga channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes

687.3 4.5%

OgD Oquaga channery silt loam, 20 to 30 percent slopes

492.5 3.2%

VoB Volusia channery silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

516.8 3.4%

VoC Volusia channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes

647.3 4.2%

VoD Volusia channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes

122.7 0.8%

W Water 66.8 0.4%

Wn Wayland soils complex, non-calcareous substratum, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded

16.4 0.1%

WoB Wellsboro channery silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

1,863.4 12.2%

WoC Wellsboro channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes

836.4 5.5%

WoD Wellsboro channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes

185.6 1.2%

Totals for Area of Interest 15,288.6 100.0%

Map Unit DescriptionsThe map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named


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according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.


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An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.

Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.


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Aa—Alden silt loam

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wr2Elevation: 300 to 1,500 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionAlden and similar soils: 75 percentMinor components: 25 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Alden

SettingLandform: DepressionsLandform position (two-dimensional): ToeslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveParent material: A silty mantle of local deposition overlying loamy till

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 8 inches: silt loamH2 - 8 to 25 inches: silty clay loamH3 - 25 to 60 inches: channery silty clay loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 0 to 3 percentDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesNatural drainage class: Very poorly drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to

moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 0 to 6 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: FrequentCalcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percentAvailable water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.6 inches)

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 5wHydrologic Soil Group: C/DHydric soil rating: Yes

Minor Components

CanandaiguaPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: DepressionsHydric soil rating: Yes


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ChippewaPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: DepressionsHydric soil rating: Yes

Unnamed soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: DepressionsHydric soil rating: Yes

PalmsPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Marshes, swampsHydric soil rating: Yes

VolusiaPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No

AlB—Alton gravelly fine sandy loam, undulating

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wr4Elevation: 250 to 650 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: All areas are prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionAlton and similar soils: 80 percentMinor components: 20 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Alton

SettingLandform: Deltas, outwash plains, terracesLandform position (two-dimensional): ShoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): TreadDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Gravelly loamy glaciofluvial deposits over sandy and gravelly

glaciofluvial deposits, derived mainly from acidic rocks, with some limestone below 40 inches

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 6 inches: gravelly fine sandy loamH2 - 6 to 36 inches: very gravelly sandy loamH3 - 36 to 60 inches: extremely gravelly sandy loam


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Properties and qualitiesSlope: 3 to 12 percentDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesNatural drainage class: Well drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95

in/hr)Depth to water table: More than 80 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneCalcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 1 percentAvailable water storage in profile: Low (about 3.6 inches)

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 2sHydrologic Soil Group: AHydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

BracevillePercent of map unit: 4 percentHydric soil rating: No

HowardPercent of map unit: 4 percentHydric soil rating: No

TiogaPercent of map unit: 4 percentHydric soil rating: No

ChenangoPercent of map unit: 4 percentHydric soil rating: No

UnadillaPercent of map unit: 4 percentHydric soil rating: No

ARC—Arnot channery silt loam, 2 to 20 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2wbmbElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland


18

Map Unit CompositionArnot and similar soils: 75 percentMinor components: 25 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Arnot

SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, mountainflank, interfluve,

crest, nose slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, linearAcross-slope shape: Convex, linearParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from acid sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Typical profileAp - 0 to 7 inches: channery silt loamBw1 - 7 to 12 inches: very channery silt loamBw2 - 12 to 17 inches: very channery silt loam2R - 17 to 27 inches: bedrock

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 2 to 20 percentPercent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.0 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to lithic bedrockNatural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to

moderately high (0.14 to 1.42 in/hr)Depth to water table: More than 80 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneSalinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm)Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.3 inches)

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 4eHydrologic Soil Group: DHydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

LordstownPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, side slope, nose slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

MardinPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Mountains, hills


19

Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

Tuller, somewhat poorly drainedPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Benches, ridges, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summitLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

HornellPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Till plains, benches, ridgesLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

BaB—Bath channery silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2v311Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: All areas are prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionBath and similar soils: 85 percentMinor components: 15 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Bath

SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, concaveAcross-slope shape: Convex, linearParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from gray and brown siltstone,

sandstone, and shale


20

Typical profileAp - 0 to 9 inches: channery silt loamBw1 - 9 to 15 inches: channery silt loamBw2 - 15 to 25 inches: channery loamE - 25 to 29 inches: channery loamBx - 29 to 52 inches: very channery silt loamC - 52 to 72 inches: very channery silt loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 3 to 12 percentPercent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.0 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 26 to 38 inches to fragipanNatural drainage class: Well drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately

low (0.00 to 0.14 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 24 to 36 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneCalcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percentAvailable water storage in profile: Low (about 4.5 inches)

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 2eHydrologic Soil Group: CHydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

MardinPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexHydric soil rating: No

LordstownPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Mountains, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, nose slope, crestDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


21

BaC—Bath channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2v315Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland


Description of Bath

SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope, nose slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from gray and brown siltstone,


Typical profileAp - 0 to 9 inches: channery silt loamBw1 - 9 to 15 inches: channery silt loamBw2 - 15 to 25 inches: channery loamE - 25 to 29 inches: channery loamBx - 29 to 52 inches: very channery silt loamC - 52 to 72 inches: very channery silt loam



Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e


22

Hydrologic Soil Group: CHydric soil rating: No

Minor Components


LordstownPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Mountains, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, side slope, nose slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

BaD—Bath channery silt loam, 20 to 30 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2v318Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland


Description of Bath

SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Nose slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from gray and brown siltstone,


Typical profileA - 0 to 4 inches: channery silt loam


23

Bw1 - 4 to 15 inches: channery silt loamBw2 - 15 to 25 inches: channery loamE - 25 to 29 inches: channery loamBx - 29 to 52 inches: very channery silt loamC - 52 to 72 inches: very channery silt loam




Minor Components


MardinPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

BBE—Bath soils, steep

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2v31gElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inches


24

Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland


Description of Bath



Typical profileA - 0 to 4 inches: channery silt loamBw1 - 4 to 15 inches: channery silt loamBw2 - 15 to 25 inches: channery loamE - 25 to 29 inches: channery loamBx - 29 to 52 inches: very channery silt loamC - 52 to 72 inches: very channery silt loam




Minor Components

Cadosia, very stonyPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: RidgesLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


25

Lordstown, very stonyPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

MardinPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

BrA—Braceville gravelly silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wrcMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: All areas are prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionBraceville and similar soils: 75 percentMinor components: 25 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Braceville

SettingLandform: Terraces, deltas, outwash plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): SummitLandform position (three-dimensional): TreadDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Loamy glaciofluvial deposits of stratified sand, silt, and gravel

derived mainly from noncalcareous sandstone and shale

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 8 inches: gravelly silt loamH2 - 8 to 24 inches: gravelly loamH3 - 24 to 36 inches: gravelly silt loamH4 - 36 to 60 inches: stratified sand to gravel


26

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 0 to 3 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 15 to 30 inches to fragipanNatural drainage class: Moderately well drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to

moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 14 to 24 inchesFrequency of flooding: RareFrequency of ponding: NoneAvailable water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.4 inches)

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 2wHydrologic Soil Group: C/DHydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

AltonPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No

ChenangoPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No

Red hookPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No

Unnamed soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No


Ch—Chenango channery silt loam, fan

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wrlMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: All areas are prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionChenango and similar soils: 75 percentMinor components: 25 percent


27

Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Chenango

SettingLandform: Terraces, valley trainsLandform position (two-dimensional): SummitLandform position (three-dimensional): TreadDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Gravelly loamy glaciofluvial deposits over sandy and gravelly

glaciofluvial deposits, derived mainly from sandstone, shale, and siltstone

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 8 inches: channery silt loamH2 - 8 to 34 inches: very channery silt loamH3 - 34 to 60 inches: very channery sandy loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 3 to 8 percentDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesNatural drainage class: Well drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to

high (0.57 to 5.95 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 36 to 72 inchesFrequency of flooding: RareFrequency of ponding: NoneCalcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 1 percentAvailable water storage in profile: Low (about 5.9 inches)


Minor Components







28

Ck—Chippewa channery silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vcj6Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit CompositionChippewa and similar soils: 75 percentMinor components: 25 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Chippewa

SettingLandform: DepressionsLandform position (two-dimensional): ToeslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveParent material: Loamy till dominated by siltstone, sandstone, and shale

fragments

Typical profileAp - 0 to 7 inches: channery silt loamEg - 7 to 15 inches: channery silt loamBxg - 15 to 45 inches: channery silt loamC - 45 to 72 inches: channery silt loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 0 to 3 percentPercent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.0 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 8 to 20 inches to fragipanNatural drainage class: Poorly drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately


Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 4wHydrologic Soil Group: DHydric soil rating: Yes


29

Minor Components

Chippewa, very poorly drainedPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: DepressionsLandform position (two-dimensional): ToeslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveHydric soil rating: Yes

VolusiaPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summitLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

OrparkPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Benches, ridges, till plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

AldenPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: DepressionsLandform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope, footslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: Concave, linearHydric soil rating: Yes

FL—Fluvaquents and Ochrepts

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wrsElevation: 300 to 1,800 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionFluvaquents and similar soils: 40 percent


30

Ochrepts and similar soils: 35 percentMinor components: 25 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Fluvaquents

SettingLandform: Flood plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): ToeslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): DipDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveParent material: Alluvium with highly variable texture

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 12 inches: silt loamH2 - 12 to 60 inches: silt loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 0 to 3 percentDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesNatural drainage class: Poorly drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to high

(0.06 to 5.95 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 0 to 18 inchesFrequency of flooding: FrequentFrequency of ponding: FrequentCalcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percentAvailable water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.1 inches)

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 5wHydrologic Soil Group: A/DHydric soil rating: Yes

Description of Ochrepts

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 11 inches: gravelly sandy loamH2 - 11 to 72 inches: gravelly sandy loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 0 to 5 percentDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesNatural drainage class: Moderately well drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to high

(0.06 to 5.95 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 18 to 72 inchesFrequency of flooding: OccasionalFrequency of ponding: NoneCalcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percentAvailable water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.3 inches)

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 5wHydrologic Soil Group: B


31

Hydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

MiddleburyPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No

Unnamed soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Flood plainsHydric soil rating: Yes


WaylandPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Flood plainsHydric soil rating: Yes

AldenPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: DepressionsHydric soil rating: Yes

HfC—Hornell-Fremont silt loams, 6 to 12 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vzrfElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit CompositionHornell and similar soils: 40 percentFremont and similar soils: 30 percentMinor components: 30 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Hornell

SettingLandform: Ridges, till plains, benchesLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, shoulder, summit, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, crest, interfluve, nose slopeDown-slope shape: Concave, convexAcross-slope shape: Linear, convex


32

Parent material: Clayey till, or till and residuum, derived from acid shale and siltstone

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 7 inches: silt loamH2 - 7 to 33 inches: silty clayH3 - 33 to 38 inches: channery silty clayH4 - 38 to 42 inches: bedrock

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 6 to 12 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrockNatural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low (0.00 to 0.00

in/hr)Depth to water table: About 6 to 18 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneAvailable water storage in profile: Low (about 4.9 inches)


Description of Fremont

SettingLandform: HillsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, interfluveDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Till

Typical profileAp - 0 to 8 inches: silt loamBw1 - 8 to 16 inches: silt loamBw2 - 16 to 30 inches: channery silt loamBC - 30 to 34 inches: channery silty clay loamC - 34 to 72 inches: channery silt loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 6 to 12 percentDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesNatural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately

low (0.00 to 0.14 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 6 to 18 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneSalinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm)Available water storage in profile: High (about 10.5 inches)



33

Hydrologic Soil Group: DHydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

SchuylerPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: HillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

OrparkPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: Ridges, till plains, benchesLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, nose slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: Concave, linearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

AshvillePercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: DepressionsLandform position (two-dimensional): ToeslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveHydric soil rating: Yes

VolusiaPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

HHE—Hornell and Fremont silt loams, 20 to 50 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vzrrElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland


34



SettingLandform: Ridges, hills, benchesLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, side slope, nose slopeDown-slope shape: Concave, linearAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Clayey till, or till and residuum, derived from acid shale and

siltstone






SettingLandform: HillsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Till

Typical profileOi - 0 to 2 inches: slightly decomposed plant materialA - 2 to 5 inches: silt loamBw1 - 5 to 16 inches: silt loamBw2 - 16 to 30 inches: channery silt loamBC - 30 to 34 inches: channery silty clay loam


35

C - 34 to 72 inches: channery silt loam




Minor Components

SchuylerPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: HillsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Head slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

TowervillePercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: HillsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, nose slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

HoC—Howard gravelly loam, rolling

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9ws3Mean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland


36

Map Unit CompositionHoward and similar soils: 80 percentMinor components: 20 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Howard

SettingLandform: Valley trains, terracesLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): RiserDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Gravelly loamy glaciofluvial deposits over sandy and gravelly

glaciofluvial deposits, containing significant amounts of limestone

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 9 inches: gravelly loamH2 - 9 to 24 inches: very gravelly loamH3 - 24 to 45 inches: very gravelly loamH4 - 45 to 72 inches: very gravelly sand


high (0.57 to 5.95 in/hr)Depth to water table: More than 80 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneCalcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percentAvailable water storage in profile: Low (about 4.6 inches)

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 4eHydrologic Soil Group: AHydric soil rating: No

Minor Components


BathPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No


CanaseragaPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No


37

HrC—Howard-Madrid complex, rolling


Map Unit CompositionHoward and similar soils: 40 percentMadrid and similar soils: 40 percentMinor components: 20 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.


SettingLandform: Terraces, valley trainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): RiserDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Gravelly loamy glaciofluvial deposits over sandy and gravelly







38

Description of Madrid

SettingLandform: Till plains, drumlinoid ridges, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from sandstone and limestone

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 10 inches: fine sandy loamH2 - 10 to 22 inches: fine sandy loamH3 - 22 to 50 inches: gravelly fine sandy loamH4 - 50 to 60 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 12 to 20 percentDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesNatural drainage class: Well drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20

to 0.57 in/hr)Depth to water table: More than 80 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneCalcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percentAvailable water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.2 inches)

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 4eHydrologic Soil Group: BHydric soil rating: No

Minor Components




DunkirkPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No


39

HrD—Howard-Madrid complex, 20 to 30 percent slopes











40


SettingLandform: Drumlinoid ridges, hills, till plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from sandstone and limestone





Minor Components



LordstownPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No

MardinPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No


41

KaD—Kanona silty clay loam, 6 to 20 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wsdElevation: 600 to 1,800 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionKanona, somewhat poorly drained, and similar soils: 50 percentKanona, poorly drained, and similar soils: 30 percentMinor components: 20 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Kanona, Somewhat Poorly Drained

SettingLandform: Benches, ridges, till plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Clayey till derived from soft shale and some siltstone

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 8 inches: silty clay loamH2 - 8 to 30 inches: channery silty clayH3 - 30 to 72 inches: channery silty clay

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 6 to 20 percentDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesNatural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to

moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 6 to 18 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneAvailable water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.1 inches)

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 4eHydrologic Soil Group: C/DHydric soil rating: No


42

Description of Kanona, Poorly Drained



Properties and qualitiesSlope: 6 to 15 percentDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesNatural drainage class: Poorly drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to


Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 4eHydrologic Soil Group: C/DHydric soil rating: Yes

Minor Components


FremontPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No

HornellPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No



43

LaB—Lackawanna channery silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2w093Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit CompositionLackawanna and similar soils: 85 percentMinor components: 15 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Lackawanna

SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from reddish sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Typical profileAp - 0 to 7 inches: channery silt loamBw1 - 7 to 17 inches: channery silt loamBw2 - 17 to 26 inches: channery loamBx - 26 to 60 inches: channery loamC - 60 to 72 inches: very channery loam


low (0.00 to 0.14 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 16 to 36 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneAvailable water storage in profile: Low (about 4.1 inches)

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 2eHydrologic Soil Group: C


44


Minor Components

WellsboroPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: Mountains, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexHydric soil rating: No

MorrisPercent of map unit: 3 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, footslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

OquagaPercent of map unit: 2 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, crest, nose

slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: Linear, convexAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

LaC—Lackawanna channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2w096Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionLackawanna and similar soils: 90 percentMinor components: 10 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Lackawanna

SettingLandform: Hills, mountains


45

Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, concaveAcross-slope shape: Convex, linearParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from reddish sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Typical profileAp - 0 to 7 inches: channery silt loamBw1 - 7 to 17 inches: channery silt loamBw2 - 17 to 26 inches: channery loamBx - 26 to 60 inches: channery loamC - 60 to 72 inches: very channery loam




Minor Components

WellsboroPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Mountains, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, linearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


46

LC—Lackawanna-Wellsboro association, extremely stony

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vckqElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionLackawanna, extremely stony, and similar soils: 40 percentWellsboro, extremely stony, and similar soils: 35 percentMinor components: 25 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Lackawanna, Extremely Stony

SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope, nose slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, concave, linearAcross-slope shape: Convex, linearParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from reddish sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Typical profileOe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant materialA - 1 to 3 inches: channery silt loamBw1 - 3 to 17 inches: channery silt loamBw2 - 17 to 26 inches: channery loamBx - 26 to 60 inches: channery loamC - 60 to 72 inches: very channery loam



Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s


47


Description of Wellsboro, Extremely Stony

SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope, head slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, concaveAcross-slope shape: Convex, linearParent material: Loamy till from reddish sandstone, siltstone, and shale

Typical profileOe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant materialA - 1 to 3 inches: channery silt loamBw - 3 to 22 inches: channery silt loamBx - 22 to 55 inches: channery loamC - 55 to 72 inches: very channery loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 2 to 30 percentPercent of area covered with surface fragments: 7.0 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 14 to 30 inches to fragipanNatural drainage class: Moderately well drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately


Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 7sHydrologic Soil Group: DHydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

Morris, extremely stonyPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, footslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

Oquaga, extremely stonyPercent of map unit: 8 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, crest, nose

slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, linearAcross-slope shape: Linear


48


Arnot, extremely stonyPercent of map unit: 7 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, mountaintop, crest, nose

slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

LoC—Lordstown channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2wzlvElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionLordstown and similar soils: 90 percentMinor components: 10 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Lordstown

SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, crest, nose slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, linearAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till derived from sandstone and siltstone

Typical profileAp - 0 to 9 inches: channery silt loamBw1 - 9 to 17 inches: channery silt loamBw2 - 17 to 24 inches: very channery silt loamC - 24 to 30 inches: extremely channery silt loam2R - 30 to 40 inches: bedrock

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 12 to 20 percentPercent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.0 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrockNatural drainage class: Well drained


49

Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.14 to 1.42 in/hr)

Depth to water table: More than 80 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneSalinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm)Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.1 inches)


Minor Components

ArnotPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve, crestDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexHydric soil rating: No


LRE—Lordstown-Arnot association, steep

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wslElevation: 750 to 1,800 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionLordstown and similar soils: 60 percentArnot and similar soils: 20 percentMinor components: 20 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.


50


SettingLandform: Benches, ridges, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Loamy till derived from sandstone and siltstone

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 9 inches: channery silt loamH2 - 9 to 27 inches: very channery silt loamH3 - 27 to 36 inches: extremely flaggy silt loamH4 - 36 to 40 inches: bedrock

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 20 to 40 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrockNatural drainage class: Well drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low (0.00 to 0.00

in/hr)Depth to water table: More than 80 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneAvailable water storage in profile: Low (about 4.5 inches)



SettingLandform: Benches, ridges, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from acid sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 7 inches: channery silt loamH2 - 7 to 17 inches: very channery silt loamH3 - 17 to 21 inches: bedrock

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 20 to 40 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to lithic bedrockNatural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low (0.00 to 0.00

in/hr)Depth to water table: More than 80 inchesFrequency of flooding: None


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Frequency of ponding: NoneAvailable water storage in profile: Very low (about 1.9 inches)


Minor Components


LackawannaPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No

OquagaPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No


Rock outcropPercent of map unit: 2 percentHydric soil rating: Unranked

LRF—Lordstown-Arnot association, very steep

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wsmElevation: 750 to 1,800 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland



SettingLandform: Benches, ridges, hills


52

Landform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Loamy till derived from sandstone and siltstone







shale



in/hr)Depth to water table: More than 80 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneAvailable water storage in profile: Very low (about 1.9 inches)

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specified


53

Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7eHydrologic Soil Group: DHydric soil rating: No

Minor Components





MdB—Mardin channery silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2srh9Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit CompositionMardin and similar soils: 85 percentMinor components: 15 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Mardin

SettingLandform: Mountains, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Loamy till

Typical profileAp - 0 to 8 inches: channery silt loamBE - 8 to 12 inches: channery silt loamBw1 - 12 to 16 inches: channery silt loam


54

Bw2 - 16 to 20 inches: channery silt loamBx1 - 20 to 36 inches: channery silt loamBx2 - 36 to 57 inches: channery silt loamC - 57 to 72 inches: channery silt loam



Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 2wHydrologic Soil Group: DHydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

LordstownPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve, crestDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexHydric soil rating: No


BathPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


55

MdC—Mardin channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2srhjElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance



SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till

Typical profileAp - 0 to 8 inches: channery silt loamBE - 8 to 12 inches: channery silt loamBw1 - 12 to 16 inches: channery silt loamBw2 - 16 to 20 inches: channery silt loamBx1 - 20 to 36 inches: channery silt loamBx2 - 36 to 57 inches: channery silt loamC - 57 to 72 inches: channery silt loam



Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 3eHydrologic Soil Group: D


56


Minor Components

BathPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Nose slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

VolusiaPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Mountains, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summitLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


MdD—Mardin channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2srh8Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland



SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope


57

Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till





Minor Components



VolusiaPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Mountains, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope


58

Down-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

MnC—Mardin and Volusia channery silt loams, silty substratum, 6 to 12 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wsxElevation: 800 to 1,800 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit CompositionMardin and similar soils: 40 percentVolusia and similar soils: 40 percentMinor components: 20 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.


SettingLandform: Drumlinoid ridges, hills, till plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): SummitLandform position (three-dimensional): CrestDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from acid sedimentary rock

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 9 inches: channery silt loamH2 - 9 to 19 inches: channery silt loamH3 - 19 to 60 inches: very channery silt loamH4 - 60 to 70 inches: silt loam


moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 13 to 22 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneCalcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percentAvailable water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.5 inches)



59


Description of Volusia

SettingLandform: Hills, till plains, drumlinoid ridgesLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from siltstone, sandstone, and shale or

slate

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 7 inches: channery silt loamH2 - 7 to 15 inches: channery silt loamH3 - 15 to 46 inches: channery silt loamH4 - 46 to 70 inches: silt loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 6 to 12 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to fragipanNatural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to



Minor Components




WallingtonPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No


60

MrB—Morris channery silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vclsElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit CompositionMorris and similar soils: 90 percentMinor components: 10 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Morris

SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, footslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till from reddish sandstone, siltstone, and shale

Typical profileAp - 0 to 8 inches: channery silt loamBw - 8 to 12 inches: channery silt loamEg - 12 to 16 inches: channery silt loamBx - 16 to 60 inches: channery silt loamC - 60 to 72 inches: channery loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 2 to 8 percentPercent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.0 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 10 to 22 inches to fragipanNatural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately

low (0.00 to 0.14 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 6 to 18 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneAvailable water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.7 inches)



61

Minor Components

WellsboroPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

NorwichPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: DepressionsLandform position (two-dimensional): ToeslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveHydric soil rating: Yes

MrC—Morris channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vclvElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit CompositionMorris and similar soils: 85 percentMinor components: 15 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Morris

SettingLandform: Mountains, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till from reddish sandstone, siltstone, and shale

Typical profileAp - 0 to 8 inches: channery silt loamBw - 8 to 12 inches: channery silt loamEg - 12 to 16 inches: channery silt loamBx - 16 to 60 inches: channery silt loam


62

C - 60 to 72 inches: channery loam




Minor Components

NorwichPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: DepressionsLandform position (two-dimensional): ToeslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveHydric soil rating: Yes

WellsboroPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No




63

MSB—Morris channery silt loam, gently sloping, extremely stony

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vxd1Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionMorris, extremely stony, and similar soils: 85 percentMinor components: 15 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Morris, Extremely Stony


Typical profileOe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant materialA - 1 to 5 inches: channery silt loamBw - 5 to 12 inches: channery silt loamEg - 12 to 16 inches: channery silt loamBx - 16 to 60 inches: channery silt loamC - 60 to 72 inches: channery loam





64

Minor Components

Norwich, extremely stonyPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: DepressionsLandform position (two-dimensional): ToeslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveHydric soil rating: Yes

Wellsboro, extremely stonyPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope, head slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, concaveAcross-slope shape: Convex, linearHydric soil rating: No

Oquaga, extremely stonyPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Mountains, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, summit, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, upper third of mountainflank,

side slope, crest, nose slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, linearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

OC—Ochrepts and Orthents

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wt3Mean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionOchrepts and similar soils: 40 percentOrthents and similar soils: 35 percentMinor components: 25 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.


Typical profileH1 - 0 to 11 inches: channery silt loamH2 - 11 to 72 inches: channery silt loam


65

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 35 to 60 percentDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesNatural drainage class: Moderately well drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to

high (0.20 to 5.95 in/hr)Depth to water table: More than 80 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneAvailable water storage in profile: High (about 10.2 inches)


Description of Orthents

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 11 inches: channery loamH2 - 11 to 72 inches: channery loam




Minor Components






66

WellsboroPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No

OgB—Oquaga channery silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2xhfvElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit CompositionOquaga and similar soils: 90 percentMinor components: 10 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Oquaga

SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve, crest, nose slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: Convex, linearParent material: Reddish loamy till derived from sandstone, siltstone, and shale

Typical profileAp - 0 to 7 inches: channery silt loamBw1 - 7 to 15 inches: very channery silt loamBw2 - 15 to 24 inches: very channery silt loamC - 24 to 30 inches: extremely channery loam2R - 30 to 40 inches: bedrock

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 3 to 12 percentPercent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.0 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrockNatural drainage class: Well drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to

moderately high (0.14 to 1.42 in/hr)Depth to water table: More than 80 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneSalinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0

mmhos/cm)Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.5 inches)


67


Minor Components

Arnot, very stonyPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve, crestDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexHydric soil rating: No

WellsboroPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexHydric soil rating: No

OgC—Oquaga channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2xp8gElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland



SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, crest, nose

slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, linearAcross-slope shape: Linear


68

Parent material: Reddish loamy till derived from sandstone, siltstone, and shale






Minor Components


ArnotPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, mountainflank, side slope,

nose slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


69

OgD—Oquaga channery silt loam, 20 to 30 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2xp8jElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland




slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, linearAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Reddish loamy till derived from sandstone, siltstone, and shale

Typical profileOe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant materialA - 1 to 5 inches: channery highly organic silt loamBw1 - 5 to 15 inches: very channery silt loamBw2 - 15 to 24 inches: very channery silt loamC - 24 to 30 inches: extremely channery loam2R - 30 to 40 inches: bedrock






70

Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6eHydrologic Soil Group: CHydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

Cadosia, very stonyPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: RidgesLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, footslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


Arnot, extremely stonyPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, mountainflank, side slope,


Rock outcropPercent of map unit: 0 percent

VoB—Volusia channery silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2srfhElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit CompositionVolusia and similar soils: 90 percentMinor components: 10 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.


71


SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summitLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till derived from interbedded sedimentary rock

Typical profileAp - 0 to 9 inches: channery silt loamBw - 9 to 15 inches: channery silt loamEg - 15 to 17 inches: channery silt loamBx1 - 17 to 29 inches: channery loamBx2 - 29 to 54 inches: channery loamC - 54 to 72 inches: channery silt loam


low (0.00 to 0.14 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 6 to 18 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneCalcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percentAvailable water storage in profile: Very low (about 3.0 inches)


Minor Components

ChippewaPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: DepressionsLandform position (two-dimensional): ToeslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveHydric soil rating: Yes



72

VoC—Volusia channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2srfjElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance



SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till derived from interbedded sedimentary rock






73


Minor Components



VoD—Volusia channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2srflElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland



SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, footslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till derived from interbedded sedimentary rock

Typical profileAp - 0 to 9 inches: channery silt loamBw - 9 to 15 inches: channery silt loamEg - 15 to 17 inches: channery silt loam


74

Bx1 - 17 to 29 inches: channery loamBx2 - 29 to 54 inches: channery loamC - 54 to 72 inches: channery silt loam




Minor Components

MardinPercent of map unit: 7 percentLandform: Mountains, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


W—Water

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wtmMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland


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Map Unit CompositionWater: 100 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Wn—Wayland soils complex, non-calcareous substratum, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2srgtElevation: 160 to 1,970 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionWayland and similar soils: 60 percentWayland, very poorly drained, and similar soils: 30 percentMinor components: 10 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Wayland

SettingLandform: Flood plainsLandform position (three-dimensional): TreadDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Silty and clayey alluvium derived from interbedded sedimentary

rock

Typical profileAp - 0 to 9 inches: silt loamBg - 9 to 21 inches: silt loamCg1 - 21 to 28 inches: silt loamCg2 - 28 to 47 inches: silt loamCg3 - 47 to 54 inches: silt loamCg4 - 54 to 60 inches: silt loam


(0.14 to 14.17 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 0 to 6 inchesFrequency of flooding: FrequentFrequency of ponding: NoneCalcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percentSalinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm)Available water storage in profile: Very high (about 13.0 inches)


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Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 5wHydrologic Soil Group: B/DHydric soil rating: Yes

Description of Wayland, Very Poorly Drained

SettingLandform: Flood plainsLandform position (three-dimensional): TreadDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveParent material: Silty and clayey alluvium derived from interbedded sedimentary

rock

Typical profileA - 0 to 9 inches: mucky silt loamBg - 9 to 21 inches: silt loamCg1 - 21 to 28 inches: silt loamCg2 - 28 to 47 inches: silt loamCg3 - 47 to 54 inches: silt loamCg4 - 54 to 60 inches: silt loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 0 to 3 percentDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesNatural drainage class: Very poorly drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to high

(0.14 to 14.17 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 0 inchesFrequency of flooding: FrequentFrequency of ponding: FrequentCalcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percentSalinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm)Available water storage in profile: Very high (about 13.3 inches)

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 5wHydrologic Soil Group: B/DHydric soil rating: Yes

Minor Components

HoldertonPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: Flood plainsLandform position (three-dimensional): TreadDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


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WoB—Wellsboro channery silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vck4Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit CompositionWellsboro and similar soils: 85 percentMinor components: 15 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Wellsboro

SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Loamy till from reddish sandstone, siltstone, and shale

Typical profileAp - 0 to 8 inches: channery silt loamBw - 8 to 22 inches: channery silt loamBx - 22 to 55 inches: channery loamC - 55 to 72 inches: very channery loam





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Minor Components


LackawannaPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No



WoC—Wellsboro channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vck6Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance



SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulder


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Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till from reddish sandstone, siltstone, and shale





Minor Components

LackawannaPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Nose slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No



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WoD—Wellsboro channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vck7Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland



SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till from reddish sandstone, siltstone, and shale






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Minor Components

MorrisPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

LackawannaPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Nose slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No




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ReferencesAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.

Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31.

Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.

Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.

Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States.

National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.

Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262

Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577

Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580

Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section.

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1.

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084

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http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262






http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374


http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084


United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053624

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf


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http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242




http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf


United StatesDepartment ofAgriculture

A product of the NationalCooperative Soil Survey,a joint effort of the UnitedStates Department ofAgriculture and otherFederal agencies, Stateagencies including theAgricultural ExperimentStations, and localparticipants

Custom Soil Resource Report for


NaturalResourcesConservationService

November 8, 2017

Eight Point Wind Energy Center115 kV Transmission Line

PrefaceSoil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?cid=nrcs142p2_053951).

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require

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https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs



alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

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ContentsPreface.................................................................................................................... 2How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5Soil Map.................................................................................................................. 8

Soil Map................................................................................................................9Legend................................................................................................................10Map Unit Legend................................................................................................ 11Map Unit Descriptions........................................................................................ 12

Steuben County, New York............................................................................. 14AlA—Alton gravelly fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes........................ 14BBE—Bath soils, steep............................................................................... 15Ch—Chenango channery silt loam, fan.......................................................16Ck—Chippewa channery silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes........................... 18FL—Fluvaquents and Ochrepts.................................................................. 19HfB—Hornell-Fremont silt loams, 1 to 6 percent slopes............................. 21HfC—Hornell-Fremont silt loams, 6 to 12 percent slopes........................... 24HgD—Hornell and Fremont silt loams, 12 to 20 percent slopes................. 26HHE—Hornell and Fremont silt loams, 20 to 50 percent slopes................. 28HkD3—Hornell and Fremont silty clay loams, 6 to 20 percent slopes,

severely eroded.................................................................................... 30HrC—Howard-Madrid complex, rolling........................................................32HrD—Howard-Madrid complex, 20 to 30 percent slopes............................ 34KaB—Kanona silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes...................................36KaD—Kanona silty clay loam, 6 to 20 percent slopes.................................38LC—Lackawanna-Wellsboro association, extremely stony.........................40LoB—Lordstown channery silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes...................... 42LoC—Lordstown channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes.................... 44LRE—Lordstown-Arnot association, steep..................................................45LRF—Lordstown-Arnot association, very steep.......................................... 47MdB—Mardin channery silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes............................. 49MdC—Mardin channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes...........................50MdD—Mardin channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes.........................52MnC—Mardin and Volusia channery silt loams, silty substratum, 6 to

12 percent slopes..................................................................................53MSB—Morris channery silt loam, gently sloping, extremely stony..............55OC—Ochrepts and Orthents....................................................................... 57OgB—Oquaga channery silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes......................... 59OgC—Oquaga channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes....................... 60OgD—Oquaga channery silt loam, 20 to 30 percent slopes....................... 61VoB—Volusia channery silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes............................. 63VoC—Volusia channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes........................... 65VoD—Volusia channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes......................... 66WoD—Wellsboro channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes....................67

References............................................................................................................70

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How Soil Surveys Are MadeSoil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.

Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil

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scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research.

The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.

Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and


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identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.


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Soil MapThe soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.

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Custom Soil Resource ReportSoil Map

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270000 273000 276000 279000 282000 285000 288000

270000 273000 276000 279000 282000 285000 288000

42° 19' 38'' N77

° 4

8' 7

'' W42° 19' 38'' N

77° 3

3' 6

'' W

42° 4' 53'' N

77° 4

8' 7

'' W

42° 4' 53'' N

77° 3

3' 6

'' W

N

Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 18N WGS840 5000 10000 20000 30000

Feet0 1500 3000 6000 9000

MetersMap Scale: 1:133,000 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.

MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION

Area of Interest (AOI)Area of Interest (AOI)

SoilsSoil Map Unit Polygons

Soil Map Unit Lines

Soil Map Unit Points

Special Point FeaturesBlowout

Borrow Pit

Clay Spot

Closed Depression

Gravel Pit

Gravelly Spot

Landfill

Lava Flow

Marsh or swamp

Mine or Quarry

Miscellaneous Water

Perennial Water

Rock Outcrop

Saline Spot

Sandy Spot

Severely Eroded Spot

Sinkhole

Slide or Slip

Sodic Spot

Spoil Area

Stony Spot

Very Stony Spot

Wet Spot

Other

Special Line Features

Water FeaturesStreams and Canals

TransportationRails

Interstate Highways

US Routes

Major Roads

Local Roads

BackgroundAerial Photography

The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:15,800.

Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements.

Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation ServiceWeb Soil Survey URL: Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)

Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required.

This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below.

Soil Survey Area: Steuben County, New YorkSurvey Area Data: Version 14, Oct 8, 2017

Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger.

Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Aug 31, 2012—May 8, 2016

The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.


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Map Unit Legend


AlA Alton gravelly fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

0.5 0.3%

BBE Bath soils, steep 1.5 0.7%

Ch Chenango channery silt loam, fan

0.9 0.4%

Ck Chippewa channery silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

0.7 0.4%

FL Fluvaquents and Ochrepts 4.2 2.1%

HfB Hornell-Fremont silt loams, 1 to 6 percent slopes

3.8 1.9%

HfC Hornell-Fremont silt loams, 6 to 12 percent slopes

2.4 1.2%

HgD Hornell and Fremont silt loams, 12 to 20 percent slopes

5.3 2.6%

HHE Hornell and Fremont silt loams, 20 to 50 percent slopes

23.3 11.7%

HkD3 Hornell and Fremont silty clay loams, 6 to 20 percent slopes, severely eroded

9.6 4.8%

HrC Howard-Madrid complex, rolling 0.6 0.3%

HrD Howard-Madrid complex, 20 to 30 percent slopes

1.1 0.5%

KaB Kanona silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

0.0 0.0%

KaD Kanona silty clay loam, 6 to 20 percent slopes

3.9 1.9%

LC Lackawanna-Wellsboro association, extremely stony

2.0 1.0%

LoB Lordstown channery silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes

7.6 3.8%

LoC Lordstown channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes

2.9 1.4%

LRE Lordstown-Arnot association, steep

11.2 5.6%

LRF Lordstown-Arnot association, very steep

12.2 6.1%

MdB Mardin channery silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

12.6 6.3%

MdC Mardin channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes

10.9 5.5%

MdD Mardin channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes

10.8 5.4%


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MnC Mardin and Volusia channery silt loams, silty substratum, 6 to 12 percent slopes

0.5 0.3%

MSB Morris channery silt loam, gently sloping, extremely stony

3.0 1.5%

OC Ochrepts and Orthents 4.3 2.1%

OgB Oquaga channery silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes

9.5 4.8%

OgC Oquaga channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes

4.8 2.4%

OgD Oquaga channery silt loam, 20 to 30 percent slopes

9.0 4.5%

VoB Volusia channery silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

5.9 3.0%

VoC Volusia channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes

21.1 10.6%

VoD Volusia channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes

12.7 6.4%

WoD Wellsboro channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes

0.4 0.2%

Totals for Area of Interest 199.0 100.0%

Map Unit DescriptionsThe map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas


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are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.

An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.

Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.


13


AlA—Alton gravelly fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wr3Elevation: 250 to 650 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: All areas are prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionAlton and similar soils: 80 percentMinor components: 20 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Alton

SettingLandform: Deltas, outwash plains, terracesLandform position (two-dimensional): SummitLandform position (three-dimensional): TreadDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Gravelly loamy glaciofluvial deposits over sandy and gravelly

glaciofluvial deposits, derived mainly from acidic rocks, with some limestone below 40 inches

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 6 inches: gravelly fine sandy loamH2 - 6 to 36 inches: very gravelly sandy loamH3 - 36 to 60 inches: extremely gravelly sandy loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 0 to 3 percentDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesNatural drainage class: Well drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95

in/hr)Depth to water table: More than 80 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneCalcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 1 percentAvailable water storage in profile: Low (about 3.6 inches)


Minor Components

BracevillePercent of map unit: 5 percent


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UnadillaPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No

BBE—Bath soils, steep

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2v31gElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland


Description of Bath



Typical profileA - 0 to 4 inches: channery silt loamBw1 - 4 to 15 inches: channery silt loamBw2 - 15 to 25 inches: channery loamE - 25 to 29 inches: channery loamBx - 29 to 52 inches: very channery silt loamC - 52 to 72 inches: very channery silt loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 30 to 50 percentPercent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.0 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 26 to 38 inches to fragipan


15

Natural drainage class: Well drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately



Minor Components

Cadosia, very stonyPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: RidgesLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

Lordstown, very stonyPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


Ch—Chenango channery silt loam, fan

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wrlMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 days


16

Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionChenango and similar soils: 75 percentMinor components: 25 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Chenango

SettingLandform: Terraces, valley trainsLandform position (two-dimensional): SummitLandform position (three-dimensional): TreadDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Gravelly loamy glaciofluvial deposits over sandy and gravelly

glaciofluvial deposits, derived mainly from sandstone, shale, and siltstone

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 8 inches: channery silt loamH2 - 8 to 34 inches: very channery silt loamH3 - 34 to 60 inches: very channery sandy loam


high (0.57 to 5.95 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 36 to 72 inchesFrequency of flooding: RareFrequency of ponding: NoneCalcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 1 percentAvailable water storage in profile: Low (about 5.9 inches)


Minor Components






17


Ck—Chippewa channery silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vcj6Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit CompositionChippewa and similar soils: 75 percentMinor components: 25 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Chippewa

SettingLandform: DepressionsLandform position (two-dimensional): ToeslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveParent material: Loamy till dominated by siltstone, sandstone, and shale

fragments

Typical profileAp - 0 to 7 inches: channery silt loamEg - 7 to 15 inches: channery silt loamBxg - 15 to 45 inches: channery silt loamC - 45 to 72 inches: channery silt loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 0 to 3 percentPercent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.0 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 8 to 20 inches to fragipanNatural drainage class: Poorly drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately



18

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 4wHydrologic Soil Group: DHydric soil rating: Yes

Minor Components

Chippewa, very poorly drainedPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: DepressionsLandform position (two-dimensional): ToeslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveHydric soil rating: Yes


OrparkPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Benches, ridges, till plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

AldenPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: DepressionsLandform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope, footslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: Concave, linearHydric soil rating: Yes

FL—Fluvaquents and Ochrepts

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wrsElevation: 300 to 1,800 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inches


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Map Unit CompositionFluvaquents and similar soils: 40 percentOchrepts and similar soils: 35 percentMinor components: 25 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Fluvaquents

SettingLandform: Flood plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): ToeslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): DipDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveParent material: Alluvium with highly variable texture

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 12 inches: silt loamH2 - 12 to 60 inches: silt loam


(0.06 to 5.95 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 0 to 18 inchesFrequency of flooding: FrequentFrequency of ponding: FrequentCalcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percentAvailable water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.1 inches)

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 5wHydrologic Soil Group: A/DHydric soil rating: Yes


Typical profileH1 - 0 to 11 inches: gravelly sandy loamH2 - 11 to 72 inches: gravelly sandy loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 0 to 5 percentDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inchesNatural drainage class: Moderately well drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to high

(0.06 to 5.95 in/hr)Depth to water table: About 18 to 72 inchesFrequency of flooding: OccasionalFrequency of ponding: None


20

Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percentAvailable water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.3 inches)

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 5wHydrologic Soil Group: BHydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

MiddleburyPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No

Unnamed soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Flood plainsHydric soil rating: Yes


WaylandPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Flood plainsHydric soil rating: Yes

AldenPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: DepressionsHydric soil rating: Yes

HfB—Hornell-Fremont silt loams, 1 to 6 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vzr8Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Prime farmland if drained



21


SettingLandform: Benches, ridges, till plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, shoulder, summitLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, crest, interfluveDown-slope shape: Concave, convexAcross-slope shape: Linear, convexParent material: Clayey till, or till and residuum, derived from acid shale and

siltstone






SettingLandform: HillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summitLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, interfluveDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Till



low (0.00 to 0.14 in/hr)


22

Depth to water table: About 6 to 18 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneSalinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm)Available water storage in profile: High (about 10.5 inches)


Minor Components

VolusiaPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: Mountains, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summitLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

SchuylerPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: HillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexHydric soil rating: No


OrparkPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Ridges, till plains, benchesLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, crest, nose slopeDown-slope shape: Concave, convexAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


23

HfC—Hornell-Fremont silt loams, 6 to 12 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vzrfElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance



SettingLandform: Ridges, till plains, benchesLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, shoulder, summit, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, crest, interfluve, nose slopeDown-slope shape: Concave, convexAcross-slope shape: Linear, convexParent material: Clayey till, or till and residuum, derived from acid shale and

siltstone






24


SettingLandform: HillsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, interfluveDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Till





Minor Components

SchuylerPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: HillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

OrparkPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: Ridges, till plains, benchesLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, nose slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: Concave, linearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

AshvillePercent of map unit: 5 percent


25

Landform: DepressionsLandform position (two-dimensional): ToeslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveHydric soil rating: Yes


HgD—Hornell and Fremont silt loams, 12 to 20 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vzrmElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland



SettingLandform: Benches, ridges, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, backslope, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, side slope, nose slope,

interfluveDown-slope shape: Concave, linear, convexAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Clayey till, or till and residuum, derived from acid shale and

siltstone



26





SettingLandform: HillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, footslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slope, interfluveDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Till

Typical profileOi - 0 to 2 inches: slightly decomposed plant materialA - 2 to 5 inches: silt loamBw1 - 5 to 16 inches: silt loamBw2 - 16 to 30 inches: channery silt loamBC - 30 to 34 inches: channery silty clay loamC - 34 to 72 inches: channery silt loam




Minor Components

SchuylerPercent of map unit: 8 percent


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Landform: HillsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Head slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No



HHE—Hornell and Fremont silt loams, 20 to 50 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vzrrElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland



SettingLandform: Ridges, hills, benchesLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, side slope, nose slopeDown-slope shape: Concave, linearAcross-slope shape: Linear


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Parent material: Clayey till, or till and residuum, derived from acid shale and siltstone






SettingLandform: HillsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Till

Typical profileOi - 0 to 2 inches: slightly decomposed plant materialA - 2 to 5 inches: silt loamBw1 - 5 to 16 inches: silt loamBw2 - 16 to 30 inches: channery silt loamBC - 30 to 34 inches: channery silty clay loamC - 34 to 72 inches: channery silt loam





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Minor Components



HkD3—Hornell and Fremont silty clay loams, 6 to 20 percent slopes, severely eroded

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vzrgElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionHornell, severely eroded, and similar soils: 40 percentFremont, severely eroded, and similar soils: 35 percentMinor components: 25 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Hornell, Severely Eroded

SettingLandform: Ridges, hills, benchesLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summit, backslope, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, side slope, interfluve, crest,

nose slopeDown-slope shape: Concave, convex, linear


30

Across-slope shape: Linear, convexParent material: Clayey till, or till and residuum, derived from acid shale and

siltstone

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 7 inches: silty clay loamH2 - 7 to 33 inches: silty clayH3 - 33 to 38 inches: channery silty clayH4 - 38 to 42 inches: bedrock




Description of Fremont, Severely Eroded

SettingLandform: HillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summit, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, interfluve, base slope, head

slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Till

Typical profileA - 0 to 4 inches: silty clay loamBw1 - 4 to 8 inches: silt loamBw2 - 8 to 22 inches: channery silt loamBC - 22 to 26 inches: channery silty clay loamC - 26 to 72 inches: channery silt loam




31


Minor Components

OrparkPercent of map unit: 8 percentLandform: Benches, ridges, till plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, nose slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: Concave, linearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


Volusia, erodedPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


HrC—Howard-Madrid complex, rolling

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9ws6Mean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inches


32











SettingLandform: Till plains, drumlinoid ridges, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from sandstone and limestone

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 10 inches: fine sandy loam


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H2 - 10 to 22 inches: fine sandy loamH3 - 22 to 50 inches: gravelly fine sandy loamH4 - 50 to 60 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam




Minor Components





HrD—Howard-Madrid complex, 20 to 30 percent slopes


Map Unit CompositionHoward and similar soils: 40 percent


34

Madrid and similar soils: 40 percentMinor components: 20 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.









SettingLandform: Drumlinoid ridges, hills, till plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from sandstone and limestone


Properties and qualitiesSlope: 15 to 25 percentDepth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches


35

Natural drainage class: Well drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20



Minor Components




MardinPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No

KaB—Kanona silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wscElevation: 600 to 1,800 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: Prime farmland if drained



36






Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 3wHydrologic Soil Group: C/DHydric soil rating: No


SettingLandform: Ridges, till plains, benchesLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Clayey till derived from soft shale and some siltstone





37

Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 3wHydrologic Soil Group: C/DHydric soil rating: Yes

Minor Components





KaD—Kanona silty clay loam, 6 to 20 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wsdElevation: 600 to 1,800 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland





38




Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 4eHydrologic Soil Group: C/DHydric soil rating: No






Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 4eHydrologic Soil Group: C/DHydric soil rating: Yes


39

Minor Components





LC—Lackawanna-Wellsboro association, extremely stony

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vckqElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionLackawanna, extremely stony, and similar soils: 40 percentWellsboro, extremely stony, and similar soils: 35 percentMinor components: 25 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Lackawanna, Extremely Stony

SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope, nose slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, concave, linearAcross-slope shape: Convex, linearParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from reddish sandstone, siltstone, and

shale

Typical profileOe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant materialA - 1 to 3 inches: channery silt loamBw1 - 3 to 17 inches: channery silt loam


40

Bw2 - 17 to 26 inches: channery loamBx - 26 to 60 inches: channery loamC - 60 to 72 inches: very channery loam



Interpretive groupsLand capability classification (irrigated): None specifiedLand capability classification (nonirrigated): 7sHydrologic Soil Group: CHydric soil rating: No

Description of Wellsboro, Extremely Stony

SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope, head slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, concaveAcross-slope shape: Convex, linearParent material: Loamy till from reddish sandstone, siltstone, and shale

Typical profileOe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant materialA - 1 to 3 inches: channery silt loamBw - 3 to 22 inches: channery silt loamBx - 22 to 55 inches: channery loamC - 55 to 72 inches: very channery loam





41

Minor Components

Morris, extremely stonyPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, footslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

Oquaga, extremely stonyPercent of map unit: 8 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, crest, nose


Arnot, extremely stonyPercent of map unit: 7 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, mountaintop, crest, nose


LoB—Lordstown channery silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2wzltElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: All areas are prime farmland



42


SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve, crest, nose slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: Convex, linearParent material: Loamy till derived from sandstone and siltstone



moderately high (0.14 to 1.42 in/hr)Depth to water table: More than 80 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneSalinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm)Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.1 inches)


Minor Components

ArnotPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): SummitLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluveDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexHydric soil rating: No



43

LoC—Lordstown channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2wzlvElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland



SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, crest, nose slope, side slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, linearAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till derived from sandstone and siltstone



moderately high (0.14 to 1.42 in/hr)Depth to water table: More than 80 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneSalinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm)Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.1 inches)



44

Minor Components

ArnotPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve, crestDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexHydric soil rating: No


LRE—Lordstown-Arnot association, steep

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wslElevation: 750 to 1,800 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland




Typical profileH1 - 0 to 9 inches: channery silt loamH2 - 9 to 27 inches: very channery silt loamH3 - 27 to 36 inches: extremely flaggy silt loam


45

H4 - 36 to 40 inches: bedrock






shale





Minor Components



46

LackawannaPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No




LRF—Lordstown-Arnot association, very steep

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wsmElevation: 750 to 1,800 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland





Properties and qualitiesSlope: 40 to 70 percent


47

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrockNatural drainage class: Well drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low (0.00 to 0.00





shale





Minor Components




48



MdB—Mardin channery silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2srh9Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance



SettingLandform: Mountains, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Loamy till



low (0.00 to 0.14 in/hr)


49

Depth to water table: About 13 to 24 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneAvailable water storage in profile: Low (about 3.6 inches)


Minor Components

LordstownPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve, crestDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexHydric soil rating: No


BathPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

MdC—Mardin channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2srhjElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance


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SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till





Minor Components


VolusiaPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Mountains, hills


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Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summitLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


MdD—Mardin channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2srh8Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland



SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till


Properties and qualitiesSlope: 15 to 25 percent


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Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.0 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 14 to 26 inches to fragipanNatural drainage class: Moderately well drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately



Minor Components



VolusiaPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Mountains, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

MnC—Mardin and Volusia channery silt loams, silty substratum, 6 to 12 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wsxElevation: 800 to 1,800 feet


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Mean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit CompositionMardin and similar soils: 40 percentVolusia and similar soils: 40 percentMinor components: 20 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.


SettingLandform: Drumlinoid ridges, hills, till plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): SummitLandform position (three-dimensional): CrestDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConvexParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from acid sedimentary rock

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 9 inches: channery silt loamH2 - 9 to 19 inches: channery silt loamH3 - 19 to 60 inches: very channery silt loamH4 - 60 to 70 inches: silt loam





SettingLandform: Hills, till plains, drumlinoid ridgesLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till derived mainly from siltstone, sandstone, and shale or

slate


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Typical profileH1 - 0 to 7 inches: channery silt loamH2 - 7 to 15 inches: channery silt loamH3 - 15 to 46 inches: channery silt loamH4 - 46 to 70 inches: silt loam

Properties and qualitiesSlope: 6 to 12 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to fragipanNatural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drainedCapacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to



Minor Components




WallingtonPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No

MSB—Morris channery silt loam, gently sloping, extremely stony

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vxd1Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees F


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Frost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionMorris, extremely stony, and similar soils: 85 percentMinor components: 15 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Morris, Extremely Stony


Typical profileOe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant materialA - 1 to 5 inches: channery silt loamBw - 5 to 12 inches: channery silt loamEg - 12 to 16 inches: channery silt loamBx - 16 to 60 inches: channery silt loamC - 60 to 72 inches: channery loam




Minor Components

Norwich, extremely stonyPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: DepressionsLandform position (two-dimensional): ToeslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveHydric soil rating: Yes

Wellsboro, extremely stonyPercent of map unit: 5 percent


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Landform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope, head slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, concaveAcross-slope shape: Convex, linearHydric soil rating: No

Oquaga, extremely stonyPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Mountains, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, summit, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, upper third of mountainflank,

side slope, crest, nose slopeDown-slope shape: Convex, linearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

OC—Ochrepts and Orthents

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 9wt3Mean annual precipitation: 31 to 39 inchesMean annual air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees FFrost-free period: 110 to 155 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit CompositionOchrepts and similar soils: 40 percentOrthents and similar soils: 35 percentMinor components: 25 percentEstimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.


Typical profileH1 - 0 to 11 inches: channery silt loamH2 - 11 to 72 inches: channery silt loam


high (0.20 to 5.95 in/hr)Depth to water table: More than 80 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneAvailable water storage in profile: High (about 10.2 inches)



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Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8sHydrologic Soil Group: AHydric soil rating: No

Description of Orthents

Typical profileH1 - 0 to 11 inches: channery loamH2 - 11 to 72 inches: channery loam




Minor Components





WellsboroPercent of map unit: 5 percentHydric soil rating: No


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OgB—Oquaga channery silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2xhfvElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance



SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve, crest, nose slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: Convex, linearParent material: Reddish loamy till derived from sandstone, siltstone, and shale







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Minor Components

Arnot, very stonyPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve, crestDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexHydric soil rating: No

WellsboroPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulderLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexHydric soil rating: No

OgC—Oquaga channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2xp8gElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland





Typical profileAp - 0 to 7 inches: channery silt loam


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Bw1 - 7 to 15 inches: very channery silt loamBw2 - 15 to 24 inches: very channery silt loamC - 24 to 30 inches: extremely channery loam2R - 30 to 40 inches: bedrock





Minor Components


ArnotPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, mountainflank, side slope,


OgD—Oquaga channery silt loam, 20 to 30 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2xp8jElevation: 330 to 2,460 feet


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Mean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland





Typical profileOe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant materialA - 1 to 5 inches: channery highly organic silt loamBw1 - 5 to 15 inches: very channery silt loamBw2 - 15 to 24 inches: very channery silt loamC - 24 to 30 inches: extremely channery loam2R - 30 to 40 inches: bedrock





Minor Components

Cadosia, very stonyPercent of map unit: 10 percentLandform: RidgesLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, footslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slopeDown-slope shape: Concave


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Across-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


Arnot, extremely stonyPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, mountainflank, side slope,


Rock outcropPercent of map unit: 0 percent

VoB—Volusia channery silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2srfhElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance



SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, summitLandform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till derived from interbedded sedimentary rock


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Minor Components




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VoC—Volusia channery silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2srfjElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance



SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till derived from interbedded sedimentary rock






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Minor Components



VoD—Volusia channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2srflElevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 daysFarmland classification: Not prime farmland



SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, footslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till derived from interbedded sedimentary rock

Typical profileAp - 0 to 9 inches: channery silt loamBw - 9 to 15 inches: channery silt loamEg - 15 to 17 inches: channery silt loam


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Bx1 - 17 to 29 inches: channery loamBx2 - 29 to 54 inches: channery loamC - 54 to 72 inches: channery silt loam




Minor Components

MardinPercent of map unit: 7 percentLandform: Mountains, hillsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No


WoD—Wellsboro channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes

Map Unit SettingNational map unit symbol: 2vck7Elevation: 330 to 2,460 feetMean annual precipitation: 31 to 70 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 52 degrees FFrost-free period: 105 to 180 days


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Farmland classification: Not prime farmland



SettingLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearParent material: Loamy till from reddish sandstone, siltstone, and shale





Minor Components

MorrisPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slopeDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No

LackawannaPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Hills, mountainsLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeLandform position (three-dimensional): Nose slope, side slope


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Down-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: LinearHydric soil rating: No




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ReferencesAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.

Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31.

Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.

Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.

Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States.

National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.

Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262

Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577

Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580

Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section.

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1.

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084

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United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053624

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf


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