Adamawa sample pictorial presentation of some projects (adamawa)
Eight million pEoplE in northErn nigEria ... - West Africa Gateway€¦ · the Boko Haram...
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No. 65, February 2018 MAPS & FACTS This map is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps. Please include the Club’s copyright, inform or contact us for specific requests: [email protected] www.oecd.org/swac/maps Club SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA Secretariat Club SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA Secretariat TRANSHUMANCE AND NOMADISM T ranshumance is a mobile livestock farming method that is based on regular, seasonal movements. The movements are mostly predictable; each year, herders follow the rhythm of the seasons and pass over the same trails and pasturelands that they already know. On the other hand, nomadism is characterised by the continual and unpredictable movements of all members of a family or a group. Most agro-pastoralists in the Sahel today practice semi-transhumance. Only a part of the family moves according to the seasons, while the rest of the family practices sedentary farming. Agro-pastoral livestock farming is prevalent throughout West Africa. Animals move within Sahelian countries, from Sahelian countries to coastal countries and within coastal countries. Livestock farming is probably the most integrated economic activity in West Africa. Every year, hundreds of thousands of animals are moved to supply coastal markets. These internal and cross- border movements are oſten sources of conflict between sedentary farmers and transhumant agro-pastoralists. However, transhumant livestock farming also contributes to the development of abandoned and isolated areas by ensuring a human presence in areas with significant security issues. OECD (2014), An Atlas of the Sahara-Sahel: Geography, Economics and Security, OECD Publishing, Paris. Extract West African Studies An Atlas of the Sahara-Sahel GEOGRAPHY, ECONOMICS AND SECURITY Club SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA Secretariat GUINEA SIERRA LEONE GUINEA BISSAU LIBERIA CÔTE D’IVOIRE GHANA BENIN TOGO NIGERIA CAMEROON C.A.R ALGERIA LIBYA Bamako Nouakchott Dakar Ouagadougou Niamey N’Djamena Lake National transhumance Cross-border transhumance Caravan Marketing itineraries Border crossing point Pastoral zone Wet season Dry season Sources: FAO-CIRAD, Atlas of trends in pastoral systems in the Sahel 2012; OECD/SWAC 2009
Transcript of Eight million pEoplE in northErn nigEria ... - West Africa Gateway€¦ · the Boko Haram...
n°32March 2016Maps & facts ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICA
No 45, November 2016
www.oecd.org/swac/maps ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICASecretariat
These maps are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps! Please include the Club’s copyright, inform or contact us for specific requests: [email protected]
Eight million pEoplE in northErn nigEria facing acutE food insEcurity
T he October 2016 analysis of the Cadre harmonisé1 expands its
coverage to include for the first time 16 out of 36 states, almost half of Nigeria. In these states, some eight million people are currently facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5, October-December 2016). Due to the Boko Haram insurgency and massive population displacement, the three northeastern states, Adamawa, Borno and Yobe, have
1 West African tool to analyse and identify areas and amount of people at risk of food and nutrition insecurity.
reached extremely high levels of food insecurity (Maps & Facts no 44). While humanitarian access is improving, the situation remains particularly worrisome in the state of Borno, where nearly 60% of the population (3.3 million people) are still facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5), including 55 000 people threatened by famine (phase 5). If no appro-priate measures are being taken, the current food and nutrition situation
is likely to get worse during the next lean season in June-August 2017. By then, the Cadre harmonisé projec-tions indicate that the number of severely food insecure people in the 16 analysed states could reach 8 to 10 million people. Analytical tools, data collection methods and training for local administrations need to be further developed in order to fine-tune and expand the analysis of the Cadre harmonisé to all parts of Nigeria.
Source: Cadre harmonisé, national analysis, October 2016. © Agrhymet/CILSS
FCT
Adamawa
BornoYobe
GombeBauchi
Taraba
Jigawa
Kano
Kaduna
KatsinaZamfara
Plateau
Niger
Kebbi
Sokoto
Oyo
Ogun
Lagos
OsunEkiti
Kwara
KogiBenue
Nassarawa
Cross River
Ebonyi
ImoAbia
OndoEdo
Delta
Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom
Anambra
Enugu
Lake Chad
FCT
Adamawa
BornoYobe
GombeBauchi
Taraba
Jigawa
Kano
Kaduna
Katsina
Zamfara
Plateau
Niger
Kebbi
Sokoto
Oyo
Ogun
Lagos
OsunEkiti
Kwara
KogiBenue
Nassarawa
Cross River
Ebonyi
ImoAbia
OndoEdo
Delta
Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom
Anambra
Enugu
Lake Chad
Phases of food insecurity
June-August 2017October-December 2016
Phase 1: Minimal Phase 2: Stressed Phase 3: Crisis Phase 4: Emergency Phase 5: Famine Not analysed
No. 65, February 2018
MAPS & FACTS
This map is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps. Please include the Club’s copyright, inform or contact us for specifi c requests: [email protected]
www.oecd.org/swac/maps ClubSAHEL ANDWEST AFRICA
Secretariat
ClubSAHEL ANDWEST AFRICA
Secretariat
TRANSHUMANCE AND NOMADISM
Transhumance is a mobile livestock farming method that is based on
regular, seasonal movements. The movements are mostly predictable; each year, herders follow the rhythm of the seasons and pass over the same trails and pasturelands that they already know. On the other hand, nomadism is characterised by the continual and unpredictable movements of all members of a family or a group. Most agro-pastoralists in the Sahel today practice semi-transhumance. Only a part of the family moves according to the seasons, while the rest of the family practices sedentary farming. Agro-pastoral livestock farming is
prevalent throughout West Africa. Animals move within Sahelian countries, from Sahelian countries to coastal countries and within coastal countries. Livestock farming is probably the most integrated economic activity in West Africa. Every year, hundreds of thousands of animals are moved to supply coastal markets. These internal and cross-border movements are o� en sources of conflict between sedentary farmers and transhumant agro-pastoralists. However, transhumant livestock farming also contributes to the development of abandoned and isolated areas by ensuring a human presence in areas with significant security issues.
OECD (2014), An Atlas of the Sahara-Sahel: Geography, Economics and Security, OECD Publishing, Paris.
Ext
ract
Consult this publication on line at http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264222359-en.
This work is published on the OECD iLibrary, which gathers all OECD books, periodicals and statistical databases.Visit www.oecd-ilibrary.org for more information.
West African Studies
An Atlas of the Sahara-SahelGeoGrAphy, economicS And Security
While the Sahara-Sahel region has experienced recurrent episodes of instability, the recent crises in Libya and Mali have increased the level of violence. These two crises have reshaped the region’s geopolitical and geographical dynamics. The current crises are cross-border and regional, and addressing them requires new institutional responses. How can the countries that share this space – Algeria, Chad, Libya, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Niger and Tunisia – in collaboration with other countries of the region, such as Nigeria, work together towards its stabilisation and development?
Historically, the Sahara plays the role of intermediary between North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. Even before Roman times, the area was criss-crossed by roads, principally serving a military use in this period. Today, commercial and human exchange is vibrant, founded on social networks. These networks have more recently been used by traffickers. Understanding the nature of this trafficking, the geographic and organisational mobility of criminal groups, as well as migratory movements is of strategic importance. This work aims to contribute towards this objective and to help inform the Sahel strategies of the European Union, United Nations, African Union and ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) in their attempts to forge a lasting peace.
This Atlas proposes a cartographic and regional analysis of security and development issues. It provides objective information for the necessary dialogue between regional and international organisations, states, researchers and local stakeholders.
part i. reactivating a space of fragmented circulationChapter 1. Sahara-Sahelian space and geography
Chapter 2. Socio-economic indicators within Sahara-Sahel countries
Chapter 3. Petroleum and networks of influence in the Sahara-Sahel
part ii. Securing the Sahara-Sahel by integrating its social and spatial mobilityChapter 4. Ancient and new mobility in the Sahara-Sahel
Chapter 5. Migration and the Sahara
Chapter 6. Nomadism and mobility in the Sahara-Sahel
Chapter 7. Borders, cross-border co-operation and freedom of movement in the Sahara-Sahel
Chapter 8. Security issues, movement and networks in the Sahara-Sahel
Chapter 9. Trafficking economies in the Sahara-Sahel
Chapter 10. An institutional point of view on the challenges of the Sahara-Sahel
iSbn 978-92-64-22234-2 44 2014 01 1 p
An A
tlas of th
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co
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S A
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Se
cu
rit
yW
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tud
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9HSTCQE*cccdec+
West African Studies
An Atlas of the Sahara-SahelGeoGrAphy, economicS And Security
ClubSAHEL ANDWEST AFRICA
Secretariat
Club DU SAHEL ET DEL'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST
Secrétariat du
GUINEA
SIERRALEONE
GUINEABISSAU
LIBERIACÔTE D’IVOIRE GHANA
BENIN
TO
GO NIGERIA
CAMEROON
C.A.R
ALGERIA
LIBYA
Bamako
Nouakchott
Dakar
Ouagadougou
Niamey
N’Djamena
Lake
National transhumance
Cross-border transhumance
Caravan
Marketing itineraries
Border crossing point
Pastoral zone
Aire protégé
Wet season
Dry season Sources: FAO-CIRAD, Atlas of trends in pastoral systems in the Sahel 2012; OECD/SWAC 2009 Sources: FAO-CIRAD, Atlas of trends in pastoral systems in the Sahel 2012; OECD/SWAC 2009
n°32March 2016Maps & facts ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICA
No 45, November 2016
www.oecd.org/swac/maps ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICASecretariat
These maps are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps! Please include the Club’s copyright, inform or contact us for specific requests: [email protected]
Eight million pEoplE in northErn nigEria facing acutE food insEcurity
T he October 2016 analysis of the Cadre harmonisé1 expands its
coverage to include for the first time 16 out of 36 states, almost half of Nigeria. In these states, some eight million people are currently facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5, October-December 2016). Due to the Boko Haram insurgency and massive population displacement, the three northeastern states, Adamawa, Borno and Yobe, have
1 West African tool to analyse and identify areas and amount of people at risk of food and nutrition insecurity.
reached extremely high levels of food insecurity (Maps & Facts no 44). While humanitarian access is improving, the situation remains particularly worrisome in the state of Borno, where nearly 60% of the population (3.3 million people) are still facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5), including 55 000 people threatened by famine (phase 5). If no appro-priate measures are being taken, the current food and nutrition situation
is likely to get worse during the next lean season in June-August 2017. By then, the Cadre harmonisé projec-tions indicate that the number of severely food insecure people in the 16 analysed states could reach 8 to 10 million people. Analytical tools, data collection methods and training for local administrations need to be further developed in order to fine-tune and expand the analysis of the Cadre harmonisé to all parts of Nigeria.
Source: Cadre harmonisé, national analysis, October 2016. © Agrhymet/CILSS
FCT
Adamawa
BornoYobe
GombeBauchi
Taraba
Jigawa
Kano
Kaduna
KatsinaZamfara
Plateau
Niger
Kebbi
Sokoto
Oyo
Ogun
Lagos
OsunEkiti
Kwara
KogiBenue
Nassarawa
Cross River
Ebonyi
ImoAbia
OndoEdo
Delta
Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom
Anambra
Enugu
Lake Chad
FCT
Adamawa
BornoYobe
GombeBauchi
Taraba
Jigawa
Kano
Kaduna
Katsina
Zamfara
Plateau
Niger
Kebbi
Sokoto
Oyo
Ogun
Lagos
OsunEkiti
Kwara
KogiBenue
Nassarawa
Cross River
Ebonyi
ImoAbia
OndoEdo
Delta
Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom
Anambra
Enugu
Lake Chad
Phases of food insecurity
June-August 2017October-December 2016
Phase 1: Minimal Phase 2: Stressed Phase 3: Crisis Phase 4: Emergency Phase 5: Famine Not analysed
Cette carte est sans préjudice du statut de tout territoire, de la souveraineté s’exerçant sur ce dernier, du tracé des frontières et limites internationales, et du nom de tout territoire, ville ou région. Nous encourageons l’utilisation de nos cartes. Veuillez nous informer et en faire mention du copyright du Club. Pour des demandes spécifi ques, contacter : [email protected]
No 65, février 2018
MAPS & FACTS
www.oecd.org/fr/csao/cartes
Club DU SAHEL ET DEL'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST
Club DU SAHEL ET DEL'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST
Secrétariat du
GUINEE
SIERRALEONE
GUINEEBISSAU
LIBERIACÔTE D’IVOIRE GHANA
BENIN
TO
GO NIGERIA
CAMEROUN
R.C.A
ALGERIE
LIBYE
Bamako
Nouakchott
Dakar
Ouagadougou
Niamey
N’Djaména
Lac
Transhumance nationale
Transhumance transfrontalière
Caravane
Circuit de commercialisation
Point de passage transfrontalier
Zone pastorale
Aire protégé
Saison humide
Saison sècheSources : FAO CIRAD, Atlas des évolutions des systèmes pastoraux au Sahel 2012 ; OCDE/CSAO 2009
TRANSHUMANCE ET NOMADISME
La transhumance est un mode d’élevage mobile fondé sur des
déplacements réguliers et saisonniers. Les déplacements sont le plus souventprévisibles ; les bergers empruntent les mêmes pistes chaque année à la même saison vers des pâturages connus. Le nomadisme décrit en revanche un déplacement continuel et non prévisible de tous les membres d’une famille ou d’un groupe. La plupart des agropasteurs au Sahel pratiquent aujourd’hui la semi-transhumance. Seule une partie de la famille se déplace de façon saisonnière cependant que l’autre partie pratique l’agriculture sédentaire. L’élevage agropastoral domine dans toute l’Afrique de l’Ouest.
La mobilité des animaux s’opère à la fois à l’intérieur des pays sahéliens, des pays sahéliens vers les pays côtiers et au sein des pays côtiers. C’est probablement l’activité économique la plus intégrée en Afrique de l’Ouest. Des centaines de milliers d’animaux se déplacent chaque année pour approvisionner les marchés des zones côtières. Ces déplacements intérieurs et transfrontaliers sont souvent source de conflits entre agriculteurs sédentaires et agropasteurs transhumants Cependant, l’élevage transhumant participe également à la mise en valeur de vastes espaces isolés assurant une présence humaine dans des zones de confins à forts enjeux sécuritaires.
OCDE (2014), Un atlas du Sahara-Sahel : Géographie, économie et insécurité, Éditions OCDE, Paris.
Ext
rait
Veuillez consulter cet ouvrage en ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264222335-fr.
Cet ouvrage est publié sur OECD iLibrary, la bibliothèque en ligne de l’OCDE, qui regroupe tous les livres, périodiques et bases de données statistiques de l’Organisation. Rendez-vous sur le site www.oecd-ilibrary.org pour plus d’informations. ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICASecretariat
Club DU SAHEL ET DEL'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST
Secrétariat du
Cahiers de l’Afrique de l’Ouest
Un atlas du Sahara-SahelGéOGrAphie, éCOnOmie et inSéCUrité
Cahiers de l’Afrique de l’Ouest
Un atlas du Sahara-SahelGéOGrAphie, éCOnOmie et inSéCUrité
Le Sahara-Sahel traverse des épisodes récurrents d’instabilité, cependant les crises libyenne et malienne récentes intensifient le degré de violence. Elles restructurent les dynamiques géopolitiques et géographiques. Transfrontalières, voire régionales, ces crises contemporaines nécessitent de nouvelles réponses institutionnelles. Comment les pays partageant cet espace – Algérie, Libye, Mali, Maroc, Mauritanie, Niger, Tchad et Tunisie – peuvent-ils, ensemble et en relation avec des États tels que le Nigéria, le stabiliser et le développer ?
Depuis toujours, le Sahara joue un rôle d’intermédiaire entre l’Afrique du Nord et l’Afrique subsaharienne. Avant l’époque romaine, des routes le traversaient déjà, à l’origine militaires. Les échanges commerciaux et humains sont intenses et fondés sur des réseaux sociaux auxquels se greffent désormais les trafics. La compréhension de leur structuration, de la mobilité géographique et organisationnelle des groupes criminels et des circulations migratoires, représente un défi stratégique. Cet ouvrage espère relever ce défi et nourrir les stratégies pour le Sahel de l’Union européenne, des Nations Unies, de l’Union africaine ou encore de la CEDEAO (Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest) en vue d’une paix durable.
Cet atlas s’appuie sur une analyse cartographiée et régionale des enjeux de sécurité et de développement pour ouvrir des pistes objectives au nécessaire dialogue entre organisations régionales et internationales, États, chercheurs et acteurs locaux.
Partie I. Réactiver un espace de circulation fragmentéChapitre 1. Espaces et géographie saharo-sahéliens
Chapitre 2. Indicateurs socio-économiques des pays du Sahara-Sahel
Chapitre 3. Pétrole et réseaux d’influence au Sahara-Sahel
Partie II. Sécuriser le Sahara-Sahel en intégrant ses mobilités sociales et spatialesChapitre 4. Circulations anciennes et nouvelles au Sahara-Sahel
Chapitre 5. Migrations et Sahara
Chapitre 6. Nomadismes et mobilités au Sahara-Sahel
Chapitre 7. Frontières, coopération transfrontalière et libre circulation au Sahara-Sahel
Chapitre 8. Enjeux sécuritaires, circulations et réseaux au Sahara-Sahel
Chapitre 9. Économie des trafics au Sahara-Sahel
Chapitre 10. Le point de vue des institutionnels sur les enjeux saharo-sahéliens
iSbn 978-92-64-22232-8 44 2014 01 2 p
Un atlas d
u Sah
ara-Sah
el Gé
OG
rA
ph
ie, é
CO
nO
mie
et
inS
éC
Ur
ité
Cah
iers de l’A
friqu
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uest
9HSTCQE*cccdci+
Sources : FAO CIRAD, Atlas des évolutions des systèmes pastoraux au Sahel 2012 ; OCDE/CSAO 2009
