EIA Study and Report Preparation · EIA Study and Report Preparation 20 June, 2013 Dr. Suneel...

EIA Study and Report Preparation

20 June, 2013

Dr. Suneel Pandey

Senior Fellow

EIA as an Environmental Management Tool

• An assessment of the impact of a planned activity on

the environment”

• EIA is a planning tool used to predict and evaluate the

potentially significant impacts of proposed action and

provide a mitigation plan for minimizing adverse

impacts for making decision on the proposed project/

program/policy

• Rio principle 17 states

“EIA as national instrument, shall be undertaken for the

proposed activities that are likely to have a significant

adverse impact on the environment and are subject to a

decision of a competent national authority”

Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA) - Introduction

• EIA - Tool for integrating objectives of environmental

management into decision making process.

• Environmental (Protection) Act 1986, empowered Central

Government to introduce requirement of formal EIA

procedure prior to clearance for the projects likely to have

significant environmental impacts.

• Notable(& most important) feature of EIA notification was to

treat EIA process as “Statutory requirement” rather than an

“Administrative requirement”.

EIA – A Tool for Sustainable

Development

• 1978 - Hydro projects, thermal power projects were

subjected to environmental assessment

• 1980-1994 - DoE/MoEF was doing all projects requiring

PIB approval

• EIA for environmental clearance was made mandatory in

1994 under E (P) Act

• 1994-2006 - MoEF listed 32 category of listed projects

including private investments

• Earlier only MoEF was assigned the responsibility of the

appraisal of projects for EIA Clearance

EIA/EC Process in India

• Cumbersome procedure

• Disproportionate details sought with applications

• Delay in appraisal meetings

• Time consuming and requiring undue effort

• Reopening of technical issues during various stages of appraisal

• Poor quality of EIA studies by consultants

• Delays by other concerned agencies

Identified Constraints in EC Process

under EIA Notification, 1994

Ownership of EIA Report &

Other Documents by the

Project Proponent (MoEF OM Dated Dec. 5th, 2011)

Violation of EPA/EIA/CRZ

Notification (MoEF OM Dated Nov. 16th, 2010)

Steps to be Followed in EIA Study/EC Process

EIA

Network

• Screening

• Scoping

• Baseline Data Collection

• Prediction of Impacts

• Evaluation of Impacts

• Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

• Post Project Monitoring (PPM)

• Public hearing

EIA Methodology -

Preparation of EIA/EMP Report

• Whether Project Requires Environmental Clearance (EC) ( As per EIA

Notification (2006) as amended till date?

• Whether it is NH/SH Project /or Expansion Project in Hilly Area above

100m MSL?

• What is the Category of Project ( Category “A” or “B”)?

• Whether EC will be Provided by MoEF (As Category “A” or Category “B”

Project due to absence of duly constituted SEIAA?

• Whether “GC” Applies or Not?

• Whether they Require Forest/Wildlife/CRZ Clearance Also ?

• What are existing MoEF provisions/rules/procedures?

• If EC (As Per EIA Notification) is Required Along with other

Environmental Clearances?

Steps to be Followed in EIA

Study/EC Process

• Depending Upon the Answers, we know that What Clearances have to

obtained and where we have to approach for EC & Submit Duly Filled

Form 1 with Pre-Feasibility Report (or DPR as required) along with

Proposed ToR to the Concerned EAC of MoEF/SEIAA

• For Other “Clearances” Separate Forms Have to be Filled as per the

Prescribed Proforma

• EAC Prescribes additional ToR depending on project setting/description

& environmental setting

• If project involves Forest Clearance – Ensure that a formal request in

Prescribed Proforma has been made to Concerned State Government/

Forest Deptt. for Stage –I Clearance

• If it involves “Wildlife Clearance” – Separate Form has to be Submitted –

Before the ToR Stage

Contd…

• Carryout EIA Study as per ToR and additional ToR provided to

project proponent

• Generally public hearing is mandatory except for projects

which do not require additional land acquisition

• Conduct PH (coordinated by concerned SPCB) in affected

districts as per the specified procedure (based on Draft EIA

Report)

• Include comments/clarifications in Final EIA Report

• Present the Final EIA Report to EAC

• Provide Clarifications (If Sought by EAC)

• If the project require Forest Clearance, Stage-I clearance

must be available with project proponent

Steps to be Followed in EIA

Study/EC Process- Contd.

Generic Structure of EIA Report as per

EIA Notification, 2006 S. NO. EIA STRUCTURE CONTENTS

1. Introduction Purpose of report; Identification of project & project proponent; Brief description of nature, size, location and importance of project to country,

region; Scope of study – details of regulatory scoping carried out (As per Terms of Reference)

2. Project Description Condensed description of those aspects of the project likely to cause environmental effects. Details of the following: Type of project; Need for

the project; Location (maps showing general location, specific location, project boundary & project site layout); Size or magnitude of operation;

Proposed schedule for approval and implementation; Project description. Including drawings showing project layout, components of project

etc. Schematic representations of the feasibility drawings which give information important for EIA purpose; Description of mitigation measures

to meet environmental standards, environmental operating conditions,

3. Description of the

Environment

Study area, period, components & methodology; Establishment of baseline for valued environmental components, as identified in scope; Base

maps of all environmental components

4. Anticipated Environmental

Impacts & Mitigation

Measures

Details of Investigated Environmental impacts due to project location, possible accidents, project design, project construction, regular

operations, final decommissioning or rehabilitation of a completed project; Measures for minimizing adverse impacts identified; Irreversible &

Irretrievable commitments of environmental components Assessment of significance of impacts; Mitigation measures

5. Analysis of Alternatives

(Technology& Site)

In case, scoping exercise results in need for alternatives: Description of each alternative; Summary of adverse impacts of each alternative;

Mitigation measures proposed for each alternative and; Selection of alternative

6. Environmental Monitoring

Program

Technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures

7. Additional Studies Public Consultation; Risk assessment; Social Impact Assessment.; R&R Action Plans

8. Project Benefits Improvements in physical infrastructure; Improvements in social infrastructure; Employment potential –skilled; semi-skilled and unskilled;

Other tangible benefits

9. Environmental Cost Benefit

Analysis

If recommended at the Scoping stage

10. EMP Description of administrative aspects of ensuring that mitigative measures are implemented & their effectiveness monitored, after approval of

the EIA

11 Summary & Conclusion Overall justification for implementation of project; Explanation of how, adverse effects have been mitigated

12. Disclosure of Consultants

Engaged

The names of the Consultants engaged with their brief resume and nature of Consultancy rendered

Project or Activity Category With Threshold

Limit

Category With

Threshold Limit

Condition, if any

A B

7 (f) Highways i) New National Highways;

and ii) Expansion of

National Highways greater

than 30km involving

additional right of way

greater than 20m involving

land acquisition and

passing through more than

one State.

(i) All New State

Highways Project;

and

(ii) State Highway

expansion project in Hilly

Terrain (above 1,000 m

AMSL) and or

ecologically sensitive

areas

General Conditions shall apply, any

project or activity specified in category

“B” will be treated as Category A, if

located in whole or in part within 10km

from the boundary of:

i) Protected Areas notified under the

Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

ii) Critically Polluted areas as identified

by the Central Pollution Control Board

from time to time,

iii) Notified Eco- sensitive areas by MoEF

iv) inter-state boundaries and

international boundaries

Note: Highways include expressways.

Screening/Threshold Criteria for Road/

Highway Project as per EIA Notification 2006

(Amendments)

Guidelines of World Bank on the requirements

of the Contents of an EIA report

• Executive Summary

• Policy, Legal, Institutional Framework

• Project Description

• Baseline Data

• Environmental Impact Analysis

• Cost/Benefit Analysis

• Analysis of Alternatives

• Mitigation Plan

• Institution Building

• Environmental Monitoring Plan

• Consultation

• High

• High

• High

• High

• High

• Low

• High

• High

• High

• High

• High

Guidelines of European Bank for

Reconstruction & Development (EBRD) on the

requirements of the Contents of an EIA report




• Baseline Data




• Mitigation Plan



• Consultation

• High

• High

• High

• High

• High

• Low

• High

• High

• High

• High

• High

Guidelines of Asian Development Bank (ADB)

on the requirements of the Contents of an EIA

report




• Baseline Data




• Mitigation Plan



• Consultation

• High

• High

• High

• High

• High

• High

• High

• High

• High

• High

• High

Guidelines of MoEF on the requirements of the

Contents of an EIA report




• Baseline Data




• Mitigation Plan



• Consultation

• High

• High

• High

• High

• High

• Low

• Low

• High

• Low

• High

• Low

Characteristics of an EIA Report

Emphasis on four aspects:

a) Layout

b) Presentation

c) Content and

d) Summary

Brief description of Content

• Introduction


• Alternatives

• Baseline Environment

• Impact Identification

• Evaluation and Prediction of Impacts

• Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

Baseline Data Collection

Points to Be Considered for

Baseline Data Generation

• Improvement in the approach to select the monitoring

network

• Improvement in the approach to design the monitoring

network

• Improvement in the quality of Baseline data

• Development of standardized data base format

• Creation of a national data bank on environmental

quality using GIS as a tool.

• Air Quality (Along with Meteorological Parameters)

• Noise

• Water Environment ( Ground & Surface)

Quality & Quantity Assessment

• Flora & Fauna

• Socio-Economic

•Primary Data ( Actual On-Field Collection) and/or

•Secondary Data (From Reliable/Authentic Sources )

All Information are to collected within 10Km / CoI for Road & Highway Projects

Baseline Data Collection

Ambient Air Quality Standards

*Annual Arithmetic Mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.

**24-hourly/8-hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on the two consecutive days.

National Ambient Air Quality Standards,

2009

Ambient Noise Standards

Category of Area Limit in dB(A) Leq

Day time Night time

Industrial Area 75 70

Commercial Area 65 55

Residential Area 55 45

Silence Zone 50 40

• Day Time: 6 am to 10 pm

• Night time:10 pm to 6 am

• Silence zone: Areas upto 100 m around premises such as

hospitals, educational institutions and courts.

• The Silence zones are to be declared by the Competent Authority

Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of

Noise

Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

• Avoid adverse impacts as far as possible by use of

preventative measures (Impact Avoidance)

• Minimize or reduce adverse impacts to ‘as low as

practicable’ levels (Impact Minimization)

• Remedy or compensate for adverse residual impacts

which are unavoidable and cannot be reduced further

(Impact Compensation)

Elements of EMP

• Pre-Construction /Design Stage/Phase

• Construction Phase (Including Site Clearing Operations)

• Operation

• Environmental Issues may vary in New Project (Greenfield)

as compared to up-gradation/widening road/highway project

(depending on project & environmental setting)

• EMP may also accordingly vary

Phases of EMP

• Applicable Environmental Laws

• Ways & means to ensure compliance of Environmental Laws

/Rules/Regulations

• Identification/Delegation of the responsibilities to ensure

compliance

• Special emphasis on

• Availability of raw materials (water, sand, aggregate, soil, fly

ash, etc.) (quality, quantity & identification of their sources)

• Tree cutting

• Construction of bye-passes (effect due to acquisition of

prime agricultural land

Issues to be covered/addressed in

EMP

• Compliance of various IRC Guidelines MoRTH

Specifications to be ensured

• Road safety considerations are integral part of EIA/EMP

Report

• Detailed Environmental Monitoring Programme/Budget for

EMP has to be indicated in the EMP

Issues to be Covered/Addressed In

EMP- Contd.

Public Hearing Related Issues

28th. Sept.11- OM Public Hearing

• PHs shall be supervised by DM/District Collector/Dy. Commissioner or their representative (not below ADM), assisted by SPCB/ UTPP Representative.

• Date, time and venue postponement shall not be undertaken

• If done due to Exceptional Circumstances, Postponement shall be displayed and notified to the public

• Fresh dates to be taken and notified by SPCB/UTPCC member secretary and DM/ DC/ Deputy Commissioner

Presentation before Appraisal Committee for Prior EC

Self-evaluation of Quality and

Adequacy of EIA report

• Readability • Write Clearly

• Remove all ambiguities

• Avoid use of technical/jargon; all

technical terms should be clearly

explained.



• Consideration

and focus

• Do not slant or misinterpret

findings

• Avoid confusion or mix-up

among economic,

environmental, and

ecological impacts and

productivity

• Avoid unsubstantiated

generalities

• Avoid conflicting statements



• Presentation

• Use well-defined, acceptable,

qualitative terms

• Quantify factors, effects, uses

and activities that are readily

amenable to quantification.



• Data • Identify all sources

• Use up-to-date data

• Use field data collection

programmes as necessary

• Use technically approved data

collection procedures

• Give reasons for use of unofficial

data.



• Methods

and

Procedures

• Use quantitative estimation

procedures, techniques and

models for arrival at the best

estimates.

• Identify and describe all

procedures and models used

• Identify sources of all

judgments

• Use procedures and models

acceptable by professional

standards.



• Interpretation

of Findings

• Consider and discuss all

impact areas before any

are dismissed as not

applicable.

• Analyse controversial

issues, and discuss the

implications of all results



• Interpretation

of Findings • Consider the implications for

each area of a range of

outcomes having significant

uncertainty

• Analyse each alternative in

detail and give reasons for

not selecting it.

• Scrutinize and justify all

interpretation, procedures,

and findings that must stand

up under expert

professional scrutiny.

Documentation requirements for

submission of EIA report

• Feasibility report (One copy);

• Site clearance for site specific projects mentioned in the EIA

notification;

• EIA and EMP reports (20 copies);

• No Objection certificate from SPCB’s and other local

authorities;

• Duly filled in Application form (Environmental Appraisal

Questionnaire);

Documentation requirements for

submission of EIA report

• Risk analysis Report (20 copies), in case of projects involving hazardous substances;

• Rehabilitation plan where displacement of people is anticipated;

• Commitment regarding availability of water and electricity from competent authorities;

• Clearance from Airports Authority of India, if applicable; and

• Details of public hearing conducted by the concerned SPCB.

How to prepare the findings for

Reviewer?

• To what extent are both the beneficial and adverse environmental effects clearly explained?

• What are the risks of adverse consequences and how are they evaluated?

• What is the scope of the EIA in terms of external factors and time lag effects?

• What (if any) are the impacts on environmentally sensitive areas, endangered species and their habitats, and recreational/aesthetic areas?


Reviewer?

• What alternatives are considered: no project? other sites? other technologies?

• What lessons from previous similar projects are incorporated?

• How do the environmental effects change the costs and benefits of the project?

• What adverse effects are unavoidable?

• What public participation and review of project plans or the EIA have occurred?


Reviewer?

• What mitigation measures are proposed, and

who would be responsible for implementing

them?

• What are the parameters to be monitored so

that the sate of the environment can be studied

throughout the project?

• Consultant will have to make the presentation

• Higher official from project proponent/user agency has to

accompany consultant during presentation/discussion

• EIA Report has to submitted in time to all concerned

• Special emphasis has to be given to various issues raised in

Public Hearing

• Point-wise replies/presentation is required

• No lengthy introduction/arguments

• All supporting documents/information must be kept in readiness

• If project involves some special environmental issue/adequate

emphasis to be made in the Presentation

Presentation Before EAC/SEAC

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