Mestrado em Urbanismo e Ordenamento do Território/ Master in Urban Studies andTerritorial Management

Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente / Master in Environmental Engineering

Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica / Strategic Environmental Assessment5º ano – 1º semestre 2010-2011

EIA and SEA differences andrelationship

5ª aula

Prof. Doutora Maria do Rosário Partidário

CONTINUITY  ACROSS  DECISION-­‐MAKING

IMPACT ASSESSMENT

POLICIES PLANS PROGRAMMES PROJECTS

SEA – genericPolicy IA Project’EIA

SEA zoning plans

Regional EA / Programmatic EA

Sectoral EA

EIA SEAEIA-based SEA

“Strategic” SEA

New ideaSame basic methodology

New methodology

Strategic EnvironmentalAssessment (SEA)

It is rooted on EIA

But it works with processes and strategies

EIA - you know what you want to assess

SEA – we have an idea of what we want(visions and intentions), but we do not

know exactly what we will do

EIA - good design SEA - good strategy

How do you relate SEA and EIA?How do you relate SEA and EIA?

SEA = Strategy, conceptForm: process, trends, continuity

Difference between EIA and SEA

time

A

BC D

time

Sustainability objectives

actions

actions

actions2-3 years

Sustainability vision

EIA = SolutionForm: discrete, designed

3.

2.

1.

Policy related considerations:

organisational, regulatory, fiscal and infrastructure policies, for example vehicle taxes according to CO 2 emissions, parking policies, road pricing, speed limits, new infrastructure, better public transport, transport management systems, public campaigns

Network-Plan related considerations:

multi -modal development options for the transport network for meeting objectives, targets and needs identified through policy consideration s, including new transport infrastructure and transport management measures

Corridor-Plan related considerations: potential impacts of preferred options within corridors between two main nodes, according to needs identifies through policy and network considerations

Programme related considerations: identifying priority projects using multi -criteria -analysis or cost -benefit analysis

Transportsplanning andSEA - levels ofdecision-making

Policy

Network

Corridor

Programme

Project

Key questions for EIA and SEA

SEA = GOOD STRATEGY EIA = GOOD DESIGN

What are your objectives?

What are key drivers?

What are your strategic options?

What are key restrictions?

What are major interests?

What are the most importantpolicies to be met?

What are the main characteristics ofthe projects?

Where is it located?

What are project alternatives?

What are its main physical, social,economic effects?

What are its major impacts?

What are the mitigation measures?

Key differences between SEA and EIA• SEAs broadly follows basic principles of EIA (eg

transparency, participation, etc.)• SEA have much larger boundaries than EIA in terms of

time, space and subject coverage• SEA is driven by the analysis, comparison and

assessment of major strategic options• SEAs is mainly focused on the causes of impact rather

than on the effects• SEAs can recommend (i) changes within the proposed

plans or programmes, (ii) improvements in coordinationbetween relevant agencies, (iii) new cross-sectoralinterventions, iv) suggestions for EIAs of future projectsand improve their quality

SEA EIA

Nature of action Strategy, visions, concepts Construction / operation actions

Level of decision Policy, planning, programming Plan, Programme, Project

Focus Critical decision moments along thedecision processes

Products of decision processes(final outcomes)

Relation todecision

Facilitator Evaluator, often only to meetadministrative requirement

Alternatives Spatial balance of location,technologies, fiscal measures,economic, social or physical

strategies

Specific alternative locations,design, construction, operation

Scale of impacts Macroscopic,mainly global, national, regional

Microscopic,mainly local

Time scale Long to medium term Medium to short-term

Key differences between EIA and SEA include

SEA EIA

Key datasources

State of the EnvironmentReports, Local Agenda 21,statistical data, policy and

planning instruments

Field work, sampleanalysis, statistical data

Data Mainly descriptive but mixedwith quantifiable

Mainly quantifiable

Rigor ofanalysis

Less rigor/more uncertainty More rigor/less uncertainty

Outputs Broad brush Detailed

Publicperception

Vague / distant More reactive (NIMBY)

Post-evaluation

Other strategic actions orproject planning

Objective evidence /construction and operation

(cont.)

Very importantSEA does not / should not replace EIA

but EIA will benefit by having a better context forimproved performance if SEA is in place

•Qual a melhor maneira de percebera AAE?

•Avaliação Ambiental +•Estratégica

•AAE = BOAESTRATÉGIA

•AIA = BOMDESENHO

•Ou será melhor

Algumas diferenças fundamentaisentre AAE e AIA

Em AAEA perspectiva é estratégica e de longo prazo

O processo é cíclico e contínuo

Não se procura saber o futuro, o objectivo éajudar a construir um futuro desejável

A definição do que se pretende fazer é vaga, aincerteza é enorme e os dados são sempremuito insuficientes

O seguimento da AAE faz-se através dapreparação e desenvolvimento de políticas,planos, programas e projectosA estratégia pode nunca vir a ser concretizadauma vez que as acções previstas em planos eprogramas podem nunca ser executadas

Em AIAA perspectiva é de execução e de curto emédio prazo

O processo é discreto, motivado porpropostas concretas de intervenção

O projecto de intervenção tem que serconhecido com o nível de pormenoradequado

A definição do que se pretende fazer érelativamente precisa e os dados sãorazoavelmente disponíveis ou podem serrecolhidos em campoO seguimento da AIA faz-se através daconstrução e exploração do projecto

Os projectos sujeitos a AIA são executados,uma vez assegurada a sua viabilidadeambiental.

•AAE = Estratégia, conceito•Forma: processo, tendências, continuidade

•Por contraste com:

•AIA = Solução•Forma: discreto, definido

Objecto de avaliação em AAE

EXEMPLOS DE OBJECTOS DEAVALIAÇÃO EM AAE

Política: melhorar a sustentabilidadeurbana

Planeamento: boa acessibilidade para osempregos, facilidades eserviços

Programa: melhorar a rede de transportecom energia eficientemente nosmodos de transporte