Egyptian Religion
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Transcript of Egyptian Religion
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Egyptian Religion
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Religion• It was a polytheistic religion.• They wanted to provide for the gods and
be in the gods' favor.• Approval = approval, support, or liking for
someone or something. • Religious practices were centered around
the Pharaoh, who was descended from the gods.
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Religion• Pharaoh was the intermediary between the
people and the gods.• Intermediary = a person who acts as a link
between people in order to try and bring about an agreement.
• Maintained order in the universe through rituals and offerings.
• Individuals could interact with the gods by praying and asking the gods to use magic.
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Afterl ife• The belief in the afterlife was important, as
were the funeral practices.• Great efforts were made to make sure their
souls survived after death.
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Afterl ife• They made tombs, goods for the graves,
and offerings to the gods to preserve the bodies and the spirits of the dead.
• Mummification!!!
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Burial Customs• Kings built pyramids for their tombs.
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Burial Customs• Mummification of the body• Casting magic spells• Burial with specific items needed in the
afterlife
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Burial Customs• Buried with decorated jars, figures,
furniture, jewelry, games, weapons, make-up, and food.
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Burial Customs for the Pharaoh & Wealthy
• Pharaoh's and nobles were sometimes buried with their servants.
• Servants were killed when the Pharaoh died so that the Pharaoh could have the same lifestyle in the afterlife as in life.
• They were strangled or poisoned.• Showed power over the people and
showed that the Pharaoh and the country were worth dying for.
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Burial Customs for the Pharaoh & Wealthy
• Servants social status would raise in the afterlife.
• Servants killed and buried with the Pharaoh included: whores, minor palace officials, court dwarfs, and dogs.
• More servants were buried with the Pharaoh than the nobility.
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Burial Customs for the Pharoah & Wealthy
• King Aha had 41 servants killed and buried with him.
• King Djer had 587 servants killed.
• King Djet had 236 servants killed.
• King Den had 230 servants killed.
• King Qaa had 30 servants killed.
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Mummification• Bodies were mummified, • Wrapped in linen bandages, • Covered with molded plaster• Placed in stone sarcophagi or plain wooden
coffins.
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Mummification• Canopic containers held their internal
organs. • Amulets of gold, faience, and carnelian
protected different parts of the body.
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Mummification
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MQ5dL9cQX0
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Mummification
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBlwUM9uFes
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Amun• Man with a ram-
head and an ostrich plumed hat
• Amun was one of the most powerful gods in ancient Egypt.
• He was called the 'King of the Gods'.
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Anubis• Man with a jackal
head• Anubis was the
god of embalming and the dead.
• They believed that Anubis watched over the dead.
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Aten• A sun disk with rays which end in hands• Aten was a form of the sun god Ra.
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Atum• Man with the
double crown• Atum was a
creator god. • Atum was the first
god to exist on earth.
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Bastet• Woman with the head of a cat• Bastet was a protective
goddess. • Bastet was usually seen as a
gentle protective goddess. • She sometimes appeared with
the head of a lioness to protect the king in battle.
• The cat was a symbol of Bastet.
• Bastet was one of the daughters of the sun god, Ra.
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Bes• Dwarf with lion
and human features
• Bes was the protector of pregnant women, newborn babies and the family.
• Bes protected against snake and scorpion bites.
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Hathor• Woman with the ears of
a cow• Woman with a
headdress of horns and a sun disk
• Hathor was a protective goddess. She was also the goddess of love and joy.
• Hathor was the wife of Horus, and was sometimes thought of as the mother of the pharaoh.
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Hapy
• Man with a pot belly, shown with water plants
• Hapy was the god of the flood every year.
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Horus
• Man with the head of a hawk
• Horus was a god of the sky.
• He was the protector of the ruler of Egypt.
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Isis• Woman with
headdress in the shape of a throne.
• A pair of cow horns with a sun disk.
• Isis was a protective goddess.
• She used powerful magic spells to help people in need.
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Khepri• Man with the head
of a scarab beetle.• Khepri was a god
of creation, the movement of the sun, and rebirth.
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Khnum• Man with the head
of a curly-horned ram
• Khnum was a creator-god, molding people on a potter's wheel.
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Ma´at• Woman with a
feather on her head• Ma'at was the
goddess of truth, justice and harmony.
• She was associated with the balance of things on earth.
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Nephthys• Woman with
headdress showing her name in hieroglyphs
• Nephthys was a protective goddess of the dead.
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Nun• Man carrying a bark.• According to an ancient Egyptian creation myth,
Nun was the waters of chaos. • Nun was the only thing that existed on Earth
before there was land. Then, the first land (in the form of a mound) rose out of Nun.
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Nut• Woman whose body arches across the sky,
wearing a dress decorated with stars.• Nut was the sky-goddess, whose body created
a vault or canopy over the earth.• At the end of the day, Nut swallowed the sun-
god, Ra, and gave birth to him again the next morning.
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Ra• Man with hawk head
and headdress with a sun disk.
• Ra was the sun god. He was the most important god of the ancient Egyptians.
• He was swallowed every night by the sky goddess Nut, and was reborn every morning.
• He travelled through the underworld at night.
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Shu• Man wearing a headdress with feathers• Shu was the god of the air.• Shu held up the figure of Nut so that the
earth and the sky were separated.
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Geb• Man lying down below the arch of the sky
goddess Nut• Man with a goose on his head• Geb was the god of the earth.• They believed that earthquakes were
Geb's laughter.
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Osiris• A mummified man
wearing a white cone-like headdress with feathers
• Osiris was the god of the dead, resurrection, fertility, and ruler of the underworld.
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Ptah• Man wrapped in a
tight white cloak carrying a staff
• Ptah was the god of craftsmen.
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Ra-Horakhty• Man with the head
of a hawk, with a sun disk headdress
• Ra-Horakhty was a combination of the gods Horus and Ra.
• He was thought of as the god of the rising sun.
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Sekhmet• Woman with the
head of a lioness• Sekhmet was the
goddess of war.
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Seshat• Woman wearing a
panther skin dress and a star headdress
• Seshat was the goddess of writing and measurement.
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Seth• Man with the head
of a 'Seth animal' (unidentifiable)
• Seth was the god of chaos.
• Seth represented everything that threatened harmony in Egypt.
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Sobek• Man with the head
of a crocodile and a headdress of feathers and a sun-disk
• Sobek was a Nile god and protected the Pharaoh.
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Tawaret• Head of a
hippopotamus with the arms and legs of a lion, the back and tail of a crocodile, and the breasts and stomach of a pregnant woman.
• Tawaret was a goddess who protected women during pregnancy and childbirth.
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Tefnut• Woman with the
head of a lioness• Tefnut was the
goddess of moisture.
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Thoth• A man with the head
of an ibis holding a writing palette
• Thoth was the god of writ ing and knowledge.
• The ancient Egyptians believed that Thoth gave them the gift of hieroglyphic writing. Thoth was also connected with the moon.
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Mummification
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBoXtO4Mcv4