Egyptian Civilization

By Grade 6.N

Leo House

How it started ?

Starting around 5500 BCE two major kingdoms developed along the Nile.  Historians call them Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.  Around 3200 BCE, Egypt was brought together under one ruler—King Narmer (sometimes called Menes).  This is recognized as the beginning of the Egyptian civilization.  We know so much about the Egyptians because there are so many written resources and because their culture lasted so long with few interruptions.

Ancient EgyptFor almost 30 centuries from its

unification around 3100 B.C. to its conquest by Alexander the Great in

332 B.C.—ancient Egypt was the preeminent civilization in the

Mediterranean world. From the great pyramids of the Old Kingdom

through the military conquests of the New Kingdom, Egypt’s majesty has long entranced archaeologists and

historians and created a vibrant field of study all its own: Egyptology. The

main sources of information about ancient Egypt are the many

monuments, objects and artifacts that have been recovered from

archaeological sites, covered with hieroglyphs that have only recently

been deciphered. The picture that emerges is of a culture with few

equals in the beauty of its art, the accomplishment of its architecture or the richness of its religious traditions

The Egyptian Civilization

• The Egyptian kings were known as ‘pharaohs’ and built burial chambers called pyramids. The best known pyramid is the famous Great Pyramid at Giza.

The old Egyptian civilization emerged in the Nile River

In Ancient Egypt , they devised a unit of measurement known as cubit, a man’s forearm

THE KINGS AND GODS

Religion was a the center of Egyptian life.  Egyptians believed in many Gods, so they were polytheistic.  The Egyptian king was the absolute ruler, and owner of all the land, water, people, etc. in his or her kingdom.  Later Egyptians would call their kings “pharaoh”.  Egyptian people believed the pharaoh was a living God, so the Egyptians developed a theocracy

What is Egyptian Civilization???😐

Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. It is one of six civilizations globally to arise independently. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh

The Temple of Hatshepsut

The Mortuary temple of ,Hatshepsut, who ruled Egypt from around 1479 BC until her death in 1458 BC, is situated beneath the cliffs at Deir el Bahari on the west bank of the Nile River . It is a colonnaded structure, which was designed and implemented by Senemut, the royal architect of Hatshepsut, to serve for her posthumous worship and to honor the glory of Amun.

Hieroglyphics and Writing system

Egyptians were a very advanced civilization due to their inventions and technology.  Egyptians developed a writing system called hieroglyphs that combined pictures and symbols.  Eventually, they created an alphabet from their symbols.  In 1822 CE a European explorer found what is called the Rosetta Stone--a stone with the same message written in 3 different languages, which finally allowed historians to translate ancient hieroglyphs. Egyptians developed a 365-day calendar and used a number system based on 10. Egyptians figured out amazing ways to cut stone to use in their temples and obelisks.  An obelisk is a tall narrow monument that becomes more narrow as it goes up.  They created a writing material similar to paper called papyrus from reeds found in the Nile.  Egyptians were excellent ship builders and excelled at mathematics.  They used fractions, decimals, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and basic ideas of geometry.  Egyptian art and architecture is famous and has been reused and copied by many other civilization including Greece, Rome, and even the United States.

The Great SphinxLocated at the Giza Plateau, The Great Sphinx is one of the largest and oldest monuments in the world, but basic facts about it, such as who was the model for the face, when it was built, and by whom, are still debated. It is the largest monolith statue in the world although it is considerably smaller than the Pyramids around it. Despite conflicting evidence and viewpoints over the years, the traditional view held by modern Egyptologists at large remains that the Great Sphinx was built in approximately 2500 BC by the pharaoh Khafre, the supposed builder of the second pyramid at Giza.

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