EgyptEgypt

Population 80 Million, most populous Population 80 Million, most populous Arab countryArab country

40% of population lives in city.40% of population lives in city. Life expectancy at birth 72.Life expectancy at birth 72. Religion 90% Sunni Muslim; 10% Religion 90% Sunni Muslim; 10%

Coptic Christian.Coptic Christian. Literacy 71% (women 59%, men Literacy 71% (women 59%, men

83%)83%)

EconomyEconomy

GDP per capita: $6200GDP per capita: $6200 Unemployment rate 9.4%Unemployment rate 9.4% 20% of population below poverty 20% of population below poverty

line.line.

Mohammed AliMohammed Ali

Defeated the Ottoman sultan, Defeated the Ottoman sultan, defeated the Wahhabis for the defeated the Wahhabis for the Ottoman and became the de facto Ottoman and became the de facto ruler of Egypt around 1800.ruler of Egypt around 1800.(although technically still a part of (although technically still a part of the Ottoman empire)the Ottoman empire)

NO

Yes!

Wahhabi UprisingWahhabi Uprising

North African After the North African After the CapitulationsCapitulations

Suez Canal built by Suez Canal built by French/Egyptian French/Egyptian consortium: 1869consortium: 1869

Suez project finished by Suez project finished by BritainBritain18791879

Egypt left in deep debt, so Britain Egypt left in deep debt, so Britain invaded and essentially took over invaded and essentially took over Canal and economic interests.Canal and economic interests.

Mandate SystemMandate System

Basically fell under British Basically fell under British rule until after WWIrule until after WWI

In 1922, Egypt granted In 1922, Egypt granted independence, but fought over independence, but fought over during WWII.during WWII.

King Farouk, a westernized Egyptian King Farouk, a westernized Egyptian King installed. Playboy, hated by King installed. Playboy, hated by people, same old story.people, same old story.

Seen as Western puppet.Seen as Western puppet.

After WWIIAfter WWII

In 1952, after military coup, General In 1952, after military coup, General Abdul Nasser came to power.Abdul Nasser came to power.

Another secular leader. Pan Arabist.Another secular leader. Pan Arabist.

Pan Arabism: a socialist Pan Arabism: a socialist dream Statedream State

NasserNasser Was anti-British, anti-Imperialist, anti Was anti-British, anti-Imperialist, anti

Israel.Israel. Recognized Red ChinaRecognized Red China Got weapons from Soviets.Got weapons from Soviets. In 1956, like Mossediq in Iran, Nasser In 1956, like Mossediq in Iran, Nasser

nationalized the Suez canal.nationalized the Suez canal. United States didn’t like recognition of United States didn’t like recognition of

China, but did not want Britain to invade.China, but did not want Britain to invade. Nasser also wanted to re-annex Sudan, Nasser also wanted to re-annex Sudan,

after Britain had just let it go.after Britain had just let it go.

Suez Canal Crisis 1956-Suez Canal Crisis 1956-5757

Britain, France, and Israel invade EgyptBritain, France, and Israel invade Egypt Israel which had been denied access to Israel which had been denied access to

Red Sea and Canal and was worried Red Sea and Canal and was worried about Soviet weapons, wanted to about Soviet weapons, wanted to invade, were supported by France and invade, were supported by France and BritainBritain

Israel easily defeated Egyptian, Israel easily defeated Egyptian, occupying Gaza and Sinai.occupying Gaza and Sinai.

U.N. made them give it back.U.N. made them give it back.

United Arab Republic United Arab Republic 1958-611958-61

A nation comprised of Egypt and A nation comprised of Egypt and Syria, but they couldn’t get along.Syria, but they couldn’t get along.

1967: Six Day War1967: Six Day War Led Egypt in war that Israel won in 6 days.Led Egypt in war that Israel won in 6 days. Israel occupies the West Bank, Gaza and Sinai.Israel occupies the West Bank, Gaza and Sinai. Nasser resigns but his people won’t let him, still Nasser resigns but his people won’t let him, still

wildly popular with secular Egyptians.wildly popular with secular Egyptians. Agrees to resolution 242, accepting Israel’s right Agrees to resolution 242, accepting Israel’s right

to exist behind the pre 1967 Lines (Green line). to exist behind the pre 1967 Lines (Green line). Unpopular decision.Unpopular decision.

Helps the PLO to organize and starts minor Helps the PLO to organize and starts minor skirmishes near Canal against Israel. Tries to skirmishes near Canal against Israel. Tries to convince Arafat to make peace, with Palestinian convince Arafat to make peace, with Palestinian state in West Bank and Gaza.state in West Bank and Gaza.

Introduces PLO to Soviets.Introduces PLO to Soviets.

Nasser Dies 1970Nasser Dies 1970

Anwar Sadat made President.Anwar Sadat made President.

1973: Yom Kippur War1973: Yom Kippur War

Egypt once again defeated by Israel.Egypt once again defeated by Israel.

Camp David: 1978Camp David: 1978

Egypt makes peace with Israel and Egypt makes peace with Israel and gets the Sinai back. Israel keeps gets the Sinai back. Israel keeps Gaza and West Bank.Gaza and West Bank.

1978 Camp David 1978 Camp David AccordsAccords

Sadat Assassinated by Sadat Assassinated by Soldiers in 1981Soldiers in 1981

Based on Fatwah pronounced by Based on Fatwah pronounced by Sheik Omar Abdul Rahman, later Sheik Omar Abdul Rahman, later convicted for World Trade Center convicted for World Trade Center bombing in 1993.bombing in 1993.

In the ensuing trail of militant, In the ensuing trail of militant, Hymen Zawahri rose to prominence Hymen Zawahri rose to prominence as spokesman. Now second in as spokesman. Now second in command of Al Qaeda. command of Al Qaeda.

Muslim BrotherhoodMuslim Brotherhood

Hosni Mubarak his V.P. Hosni Mubarak his V.P. Takes over and has ruled Takes over and has ruled

since in a police statesince in a police state CensorshipCensorship Arrests and torture without chargeArrests and torture without charge Rule in “state of emergency” since Rule in “state of emergency” since

Sadat.Sadat.