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Transcript of Eglinton Square Landspace Project
Engineering Strategies and Practice
1
University of Toronto
Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering
APS112 & APS113
Final Design Specification (FDS)
Project # 142 Date April 2nd 2014
Project Title Eglinton Square Community Hub and Adventure Playground
Client Name Michael Kenny
Client Contact [email protected] ; [email protected]
Project Manager Mazdak Nikbakht
Presented By Stephane Aroca-Ouellette (1000365348) Adel El Tannir ( 1000266516 ) Anne Kathambi (1001027934) Junjian Luo (1000394931) Kamil Yilanci (1000972888)
This Final Design Specification (the "Report") has been prepared by first-year engineering students at the University of Toronto (the "Students") and does not present a Professional Engineering design. A Professional Engineer has not reviewed the Report for technical accuracy or adequacy. The recommendations of the Report, and any other oral or written communications from the Students, may not be implemented in any way unless reviewed and approved by a licensed Professional Engineer where such review and approval is required by professional or legal standards; it being understood that it is the responsibility of the recipient of the Report to assess whether such a requirement exists. The Report may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without this Disclaimer.
Engineering Strategies and Practice
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Executive Summary
Eglinton Parkette is a triangular piece of land defined by Victoria Park Ave, Eglinton
Ave, and O’Connor Drive. It is in the centre of the surrounding community and currently
serves no purpose. Regenesis would like to transform this piece of land into a space
that the community could use to hold programs, activities, and events. The client has
specified that they would like to incorporate an amphitheatre, an adventure park, and a
farmer’s market into the design.
The project has environmental, ethical, social, and economic impacts on the community
and its surroundings. The more important stakeholders are the City of Toronto; the two
community centers near the park; and the Parks, Recreation, and Forestry Department.
The interests of these stakeholders are primarily the safeguarding of the environment
and increasing the social network within the community.
The functional basis of the project is to support mass. The design will provide facilities
to promote the development of the community
An optimal design would:
❖ Hold many different events/activities/programs
❖ Have a large user capacity
❖ Have year round usage
After reviewing our designs with the client, the original proposed design was not
chosen. This was due to the lack of trees in the design and high cost of the design.
Though thought of earlier, the weight of these factors was revised.
The final design will consist of an outdoor amphitheatre that has a fire pit, an adventure
playground, a community garden, a pavilion that can both be used for a farmer’s
market, and as place to eat and relax, as well as picnic tables and communal
barbecues. The pavilion also has walls that can be painted into murals. The design
fulfills the function by gathering the community together to create both a garden and
murals. The adventure park will attract children, and the amphitheatre will allow the
community to gather for events.
This design can hold many different activities, both organized and individually. It has a
large user capacity, doing exceedingly well in both the number of farmer’s market
stands and amphitheatre capacity. However, the design does not have an effective year
round usage.
Commented [1]: Are you aware that you're using a larger font than Times New Roman? This is limiting your word count on the Executive Summary.
Commented [2]: Of what organization?
Commented [3]: Third-person
Commented [4]: By an objective standard or by the team's opinion?
Engineering Strategies and Practice
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1.0 Project Requirements
Regenesis, the client’s company, is a non-profit organization whose goals are to
promote social justice and environmentally sustainable communities [27] . One of their
current projects it to build a community hub on a currently central unused plot of land.
1.1 Problem Statement
Eglinton Parkette is a triangular piece of land defined by Victoria Park Ave, Eglinton
Ave, and O’Connor Drive. Since it was defined by those three roads in the 1950’s, it has
never been used (Appendix A). This piece of land is in the centre of the surrounding
community with two community centres, a mall, and a library within walking distance, as
well as three bus stops bordering it [1][2][3][4][5].
A community can increase their social network through the use of local infrastructures
and programs, which is important since a strong social network leads to increased
mental health and overall well-being of a community [6]. In addition, 93% of the
residents in Toronto believe that parks are a vital infrastructure for Toronto [7]. With a
growing and increasingly diverse population and a limited park space, it is important to
utilize all land that is currently not being used [7].
Regenesis would like to create capacity by providing infrastructure that the community
could use to hold programs, activities, and events. The client has specifically asked that
the ground contain an outdoor amphitheatre, an adventure park, a farmer’s market.
Engineering Strategies and Practice
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1.2 Identification of Stakeholders
The stakeholders of this project are primarily interested in increasing the social network
of the community, and maximizing positive environmental impact.
Stakeholders Interest Impact on the Project Requirements
Toronto Government
❖ Efficient use of their budget [8]
❖ Ensure water and energy conservation [9]
❖ Ensure the safety of its citizens [10]
❖ The design should stay within the budget allocated by the government.
❖ (1) The design should be environmentally sustainable.
❖ All aspects of the design must be safe to use.
- Action for Neighbourhood Change Victoria Village
- O’Connor Community Centre
❖ To foster positive change to the community using local programs, events, and activities [11][12].
❖ The design should be able to host many different kinds of programs, activities, and events.
Parks, Forestry and Recreation Department
❖ Involvement of the community in park designs[7].
❖ Preservation of nature[7].
❖ Designed for the community.
❖ See impact (1)
Business owners near the implementation of the design.
❖ Maximize profit ❖ The design should increase the number of visitors to the area.
Toronto Transit Commission (TTC)
❖ Ensure efficient transportation of people [13].
❖ The design should not interfere with vehicular traffic in the area.
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1.3 Functions
The functions deal with the transformation of unused space by developing local
infrastructure.
The functional basis of the design is to support mass. Secondary functional basis’
include the transfer of information, and displacement of mass.
1.3.1 Primary functions
The design should:
❖ Create facilities to promote the development of the community
1.3.2 Secondary Functions
The following secondary functions enable the primary function. These include:
❖ Provide infrastructures that the community can use to host activities, programs,
and events.
❖ Display information regarding activities and events happening at the community
hub.
1.3.2 Unintended Functions
The following unintended functions are the result of the primary function being
executed.
❖ Development of retail stores [14].
❖ Increase in real estate value for nearby houses.
1.4 Objectives
A successful design will meet or exceed the following objectives. The objectives are
listed from most to least important (Appendix B).
1. Hold many different events/activities/programs
● Goal: Should be able to hold at least 11 different activities or programs
(Appendix C)
● Metric: Count the number of unique, existing programs held at the nearby
community centres.
2. Have a large user capacity
● Goal: For the amphitheatre to hold 50 people, the farmer’s market to hold
20 vendors, and the adventure park to have a capacity of 36 children
(Appendix D).
● Metric: The capacity of each section will be determined by the area of the
section divided by the density of the users.
Engineering Strategies and Practice
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3. Year round usage
● Goal: To have 300 users a week during the winter months (Appendix F).
● Metric: Use statistical data on the usage of implemented designs.
4. Environmentally sustainable
● Goal: To receive a platinum LEED certification (Appendix E).
● Metric: Use the available rubric to measure the number of points
received, and then use that number to determine certification level
(Appendix E)
5. Provide job opportunities
● Goal: Open up 35 job positions for the community[15].
● Metric: Count the number of permanent jobs created by the design.
6. Cost effective
● Goal: To stay within the budget (Appendix G).
● Metric: Calculate the budget.
7. Few delays to local traffic
● Goal: Having a 72 seconds/km travel time at capacity(Appendix H).
● Metric: Determine the travel time at capacity (s/km) (Appendix H) [16].
1.5 Constraints
The constraints of this design were posed by the client or are legal in nature.
The design:
❖ Shall follow playground safety codes and regulations [18][19].
Commented [5]: This is a post-implementation metric. This should be based on simulation or predictive methods (on the basis of the types of facilities provided and the target demographics).
Engineering Strategies and Practice
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1.6 Service Environments
Eglinton Square is located at the border of Scarborough Southwest and Beaches - East
York in the city of Toronto.
1.6.1 Physical Environment
Month January (winter)
April (Spring)
July (Summer)
October (Fall)
Daily Maximum (°C) -1.3 11.5 26.5 14.2
Daily Minimum (°C) -7.9 3.5 17.6 7.2
Snowfall (cm) 11.0 2.0 0 0
Rainfall (mm) 4.0 11.0 10.0 11.0
Average number of hours of sun per day
3.1 6.3 9.0 4.7
[20]
❖ The area of the park is 8900m2 (Appendix D).
❖ The air quality index of the east side of the Greater Toronto Area in 2013, ranged
from 7 to 49 [21] (Appendix I).
❖ Currently the park is not connected to the water and electricity supply systems
[22].
❖ There are three bus stops located at the edge the park (Appendix A).
❖ South of the triangle lies the Eglinton Square Mall, which is a successful mall
[22].
❖ Southwest of the triangle borders Victoria Village, which is home to 17,500
residents. About 38% of households live in poverty, earning less than $30000
annually. 56% of the Victoria Village residents are immigrants [22].
❖ The water table is lower than 70m down [105].
1.6.2 Living Things
❖ The population density in Scarborough is 3658 people per square kilometre [23].
❖ Coyotes, foxes, raccoons, skunks, and squirrels are part of the wildlife of the
Greater Toronto Area [24].
❖ Eglinton Square Park is not a regulated leash-free area in Scarborough.[25]
❖ The trees occupy 929m2 (Appendix J).
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1.6.3 Virtual Environment
❖ There are five parks near to the triangle [22](Appendix K).
❖ There are 147 cellular towers located nearby, making mobile phones an effective
mean of communication in the area [26].
1.7 Client Ethics and Values
The client strongly supports the environment and communities, which is important to
reflect in our designs.
Mr. Michael Kenny is a Director-at-large and Executive Director at Regenesis. He has
been an environmentalist and social justice activist since his youth, and holds the
environment and the community in the highest regards [27].
2.0 Detailed Design
After reviewing our designs with the client, the original proposed design was not
chosen. Instead alternative design number 1 was chosen. This was for two main
reasons. Firstly, the lack of trees in the design. Being fully surrounded in trees is greatly
beneficial due to the amount of traffic in the area. Not only do the trees block the view of
the road, but they also substantially reduce the noise in the area. Secondly was the high
cost of the design. Since the design will be lobbied to the government, the cheaper the
design is, the more likely it will be successful. While these aspects were thought of
earlier in the project, the client changed how much he weighed these factors.
The proposed design will include:
❖ An outdoor amphitheatre
➢ The amphitheatre is a semi-circle with radius 16m, and area of 800m2.
➢ The stage is a semi circle with radius of 8m, and area of 200m2.
➢ The top seats start at ground level, and seats descend down to the stage
area.
➢ The back of the stage is a white concrete slab that can be painted or
projected on if necessary for shows.
➢ Each row is 1 m long and is 0.5m lower than the previous one
➢ There are two sets of stairs leading down the rows, with steps that are
0.25m deep.
➢ Have a maximum capacity of 290 people. (Appendix L).
➢ There will be a small 10 cm drainage trench between the last row and the
stage. These trenches will direct the flow of excess water away from the
Commented [6]: Valid justification
Commented [7]: discussed; "thought of" may mean that it was never communicated with the client
Commented [8]: How can each row be the same length if it's arranged as decreasing semi-circles?
Engineering Strategies and Practice
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the stage and into designated high-drainage areas.
➢ A fire pit will be dug out of the out stage area. The fire pit will have a lid,
that when on is flush with the stage to allow for full usage of the stage.
➢ The amphitheatre seats and stage can be built out of concrete or stone.
While stone is more aesthetic, it is also more costly.
➢ Surrounded by a flower garden.
➢ It will have a layout similar to Figure 1
(Figure 1 - Design of amphitheatre)
❖ Community Garden
➢ Produce grown will be chosen by the community.
➢ There will be a small storage shed with communal gardening tools.
➢ Any produce that is grown and not claimed will be sold at a farmer’s
market stand. Any revenue produced will pay towards maintenance, new
tools, and/or new seeds.
❖ Pavilion
➢ This will be a roofed area that used for the farmer’s market. When not
used for the farmer’s market, it will provide shade and seating for park
users.
➢ One side will be completely open, the other will have segmented murals
along it (Figure 2).
➢ Within the pavilion there will be picnic tables that can be separated and
used as farmer’s market stands (Appendix M)
➢ The pavilion will be able to hold 14 different farmer’s market stalls.
➢ Each farmer’s market stand will consist of 3 benches, sufficient lighting,
and access to the storage room.
➢ These stands can be rented by farmers for a low price. Revenue will be
Commented [9]: Remove
Commented [10]: So which was selected?
Commented [11]: Natural or electrical?
Engineering Strategies and Practice
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used for the maintenance of the park. Any additional revenue will be used
to improve the community garden.
➢ Attached to the south end, there will be a storage area and restrooms.
➢ There will be 2 water fountains on the exterior walls of the restrooms. One
adult height, and one child height.
(Figure 2- Design of pavilion)
❖ Portable farmer’s market stand.
➢ A cheaper alternative for the farmer’s than the pavilion.
➢ Each portable stand will be allocated a 4m by 4m area to be used.
➢ The park will have eighteen 1.83m tables that can be used for a stall (two
tables for 9 different potential stalls).
➢ Any additional material for the stand will be provided by the farmer’s.
❖ An adventure park
➢ Will primarily be made of recycled wood and tires.
➢ Will include slides, monkey bars, and swings.
➢ Figure Adventure Park shows a potential layout of the adventure park.
(Appendix N)
Commented [12]: So are both portable and pavilion style being used?
Commented [13]: farmers
Engineering Strategies and Practice
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(Figure 3 - a potential design of the adventure playground)
❖ Park benches, outdoor picnic tables, and communal outdoor barbeques
(Appendix O).
Figure 5 gives an aerial view of the park.
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(Figure 4 - Layout of the park)
The design fulfills the function by gathering the community together to create both a
garden and murals. Working together and accomplishing a project as a community will
strengthen the network and help develop the community. The adventure park will attract
children, making the community hub more desirable to a larger variety of age groups.
The amphitheatre will allow the community to gather for events, creating a space for
members to interact over an common interest. The farmer’s market will not only allow
the community to display the fruit of their labour, but will also create a space for
community members to gather and mingle.
The table below demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of our design relative to
our objectives.
Advantages Disadvantages
Support a large variety of activities
-Has a lot of different activities that can both be done individually or can be organized with a group
Support a large capacity of users
-The farmer’s market and amphitheatre exceed the goal capacity.
Have year round usage -Can hold a winter crafts/Christmas fair
-No other facility can be used during the winter seasons
Be environmentally sustainable
-Uses minimal electricity and water. -Growth of plants helps air pollution.
Provide job opportunities -Provides very few job opportunities
Cost effective -Initial cost inexpensive relative to other designs due to less necessary construction
-Operating cost is minimal, and will most likely be covered from the small revenue generated from
Commented [14]: This has to be done periodically to maintain its benefit, otherwise, it's just part of the initial construction.
Commented [15]: What is the original "facility" that you are referencing?
Engineering Strategies and Practice
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the park.
2.1 Regulations, Standards, and Intellectual Property This section lists regulations and standards that team must follow throughout the design.
Installation:
● Any authorized person must follow through Building Construction and Demolition Code
[28] to get a permit.
● Amphitheatre must comply with Ontario Building Code Staging Requirements [29].
● Outdoor amenities, outdoor support systems and pathways between should be designed
according to Toronto’s Accessibility Design Guidelines [30].
● Working conditions of labourers that will work on construction is protected by
Employment Standards Act [31] and Occupational Health and Safety Act [32].
● While selecting the equipment and equipment materials for the playground and also
while installing the playground, Public Playground Safety Handbook [34] should be taken
into account.
Operation:
● Services and facilities should comply with Toronto Municipal Codes Chapter 608, Parks
[35].
● Injuries might happen on playground, in case of that emergency actions should be taken
according to Emergency Management and Civil Protection Act [36].
● In case of fire or to avoid fire, actions should follow Fire Protection and Prevention Act
[37]
● To accommodate all people, design must see through Accessibility For Ontarians With
Disabilities Act [38].
● All water consumers in the City of Toronto must follow the Water and Sewage Services
and Utility Bill [39].
Maintenance:
● Safety inspections will be taken place as stated in the Ontario Fire Code [40].
● To avoid injuries that happens because of inadequate maintenance, Public Playground
Safety Handbook defines some set of standards for maintaining a playground [34].
Engineering Strategies and Practice
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2.2 Testing The designs will be tested against our three most important objectives of supporting many
activities, having a large user capacity and having year round usage.
Objective Tests
Many activities ● Density Diversity [Appendix P]
○ The results will range between 0 and K, where K is the total number of activities in the entire area [41][42].
Large Capacity ● Capacity for
amphitheatre=(Seating Area)/
(0.247m2)
○ Successful if capacity is
enough for 50
people(Appendix D)
● Capacity of farmer’s market =
(area of farmer’s
market)/(20m2/stall)
○ Successful if capacity is
enough for 20
vendors(Appendix D)
● Capacity for the adventure park
=(1520m2 - (playground parts+safe
zone area))/(9.3 m2)
○ Successful if capacity is
enough for 36
people(Appendix D)
Year round usage ● Energy efficiency standards in
Ontario’s Building Code[43]
● Moisture test for durability of the
building material[44]
○ Determine the relationship
between weather and
moisture content of the
material with moisture test
○ Find the deterioration by
Engineering Strategies and Practice
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using moisture content and
20 to 30 years of weather
record
■ Materials with
moisture content no
more than %4 [45]
are more durable
than others.
2.3. Market Issues
The design was not designed to generate revenue and thus market issues is not a main
concern. There will, however, be the following transactions within the park:
● Rental space for farmer’s market stands
● Selling of produce at the farmer’s market
Any revenue produced will be used towards park maintenance.
2.4. Implementation Requirements
Below is a table outlining necessary steps for the development of the park.
Component Materials required Installation/construction steps
Maintenance
Amphitheatre -Stones
-Gravel (for drainage areas) [46]
-Consult design with a construction company. -Obtain construction permit [47]. -Dig hole, and necessary drainage areas. -Lay stone
-Have it inspected.
-Using the pressure washer to clean the stone after the winter seasons.
pavilion -Wood
-Concrete
-Nails/screws/bolts
-Farmer’s Market tables/Picnic Benches. -Lighting
-Consult design with a construction company. -Obtain construction permit [47]. -Pour foundation
-Erect pavilion. -Instal lighting
-Have it inspected
-Have the community paint a mural.
-Necessary cleaning. -Fixing any electrical problems.
Commented [16]: Sources on installation of some of these features would be beneficial
Engineering Strategies and Practice
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Community Garden
-Fertilized soil -Cedar (for storage shed) [48] -Gardening tools
-Consult with a landscape design company. -Test soil quality and set up required remediation. -Lay the fertilized soil -Consult agricultural engineer on best plants to the plant with regards to location and soil type. - Use small flags, threads and cedar boxes to divide the garden into equal-area squares
-Set the storage shed beside the garden
- Plant plants
-People who grow plants in the garden will be responsible for the health condition of their own plants. -Tools in storage shed will be checked bi-monthly by employees to see if they need to be repaired or replaced
Adventure Playground
-Recycled Wood
-Tires
-Plastic
-Metal
-Consult design with a playground construction company. A potential contractors who matched design preferences are: Bienenstock Natural Playgrounds [50]. -Obtain construction permit [47]. -Erect park. -Have it inspected.
-Inspection of playground every 14 days [49]
Restroom facilities
-Toilet stalls
-Urinals
-Sinks
-Soap dispensers
-Water fountains
-Water source
-Electricity
-Consult with a construction company. -Obtain construction permit [47]. -Erect building. -Install plumbing. -Install lighting
-Have it inspected.
-Daily cleaning [51] -Refilling of soap and toilet paper
Additional -Park benches
-Picnic tables
-Barbeques
-Purchase equipment -Install equipment
-Regular Cleaning of Barbeques
-Maintenance of
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-Flower garden
flower garden.
2.5 Life Cycle and Environmental Impact
The park will have some negative environmental impacts (NEIs) from construction to
maintenance and disposal of certain features. They are listed below with mitigation
methods.(Appendix Q)
Technology NEI Mitigation
Construction ❖ Production of emissions and dust, affecting air quality [52].
❖ Production of noise and vibrations that physically damage nearby buildings and sensitive processes[52].
❖ Pre-construction assessment to survey existing cracks and structural damage[35].
❖ Select less vibration intensive construction techniques, and shut them off when necessary [52].
Solar Panels ❖ Hazardous to dispose as they contain toxic material ➢ Silicon
tetrachloride[53] ➢ Cadmium [53] ➢ Indium [53]
❖ Disposal of solar panels to recycling companies [54].
Concrete (amphitheatre seats, pathways, and buildings)
❖ The production of portland cement [60], produces 1 ton of of CO2 emissions per ton [55].
❖ Use fly-ash which is more durable and resource efficient than portland cement [56].
Restrooms ❖ The average toilet flush for modern toilets requires 6.1L [57].
❖ Use foam flush toilets, which only use 0.18L [58].
❖ Use waterless urinals[59].
Paint for Mural ❖ Contains volatile organic compounds (VOC). VOC contribute to global warming,cause vegetation damage, and can cause
❖ Use water based paint [61].
Commented [17]: First time these are mentioned in the document, what are they for?
Commented [18]: Are any services actually available in Toronto or the GTA?
Commented [19]: How does this affect costs? Is it accounted for?
Engineering Strategies and Practice
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irritation [61]. In addition, VOC react with sunlight and oxygen to form bad ozone.
Recycled Plastic
Benches
❖ Plastic is non-biodegradable.Plastic releases toxic fumes when burnt [62].
❖ Use recycled plastic benches.
2.6 Human Factors
The design will interact with humans in the following way:
Human Factor How it is addressed by proposed design
Physical 1. Design for safety a. Designed for the correct size
i. Adventure park will be sized for children 5-12 [63] b. Safety features
i. Rounded edges to prevent cuts on the playground
ii. Guard rails on all platforms that are higher than 0.762m above the ground [65]
2. Comfortable setting for users a. Temperature control
i. Shade provided by trees and pavilion ii. Cooled water fountains
b. Park benches will be provided to enable users to relax 3. Design for ability
a. Trolleys will be provided to help move tables b. Top row seating will be reserved for those that cannot
walk down stairs.
Psychological 1. Anxiety of stage performers a. Back stage will be painted with harmonising colors
[64] 2. Design for easy access to equipment/stalls
a. Simple layout of the storage space, with specific area for specific items
3. Feeling safe at night a. Provide lights at night along the path to create a safer
space.
Organizational 1. Users learning about events, programs, and activities a. The client will have to design a way to make the
Commented [20]: Any potential issues with operation of the barbeques?
Commented [21]: How does the community garden get organized?
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community aware of events. A possible design is a website.
2. Maintenance a. The client will have to hire and organize necessary
staff for the the maintenance of the park. Since it will be a public park, maintenance may be taken care of the by the government.
2.7 Social Impacts
The overarching social impact of this design is the creation of a larger and stronger
social network within the members of the community. The design will have the following
positive impacts:
❖ Increase community involvement with projects such as the community garden
and the mural.
❖ Allow the community to create an identity for themselves through projects such
as the community garden and the mural.
❖ The fire pit will provide for more community gathering.
❖ The amphitheatre will increase the appreciation of local talent.
❖ The farmers market will provide increase the interests in local produce.
❖ The adventure park will increase the social networking among children.
And the following negative impacts:
❖ Slowed pedestrian traffic (through park)
❖ Slowed vehicular traffic (on Eglinton Square - Appendix R)
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2.8 Economics
The following section outlines the cost of various parts of the design.
Constituent Cost
Concrete (Class HPC) $2,529.56/m3 [66]
Supply of Aggregate $0.0281/kg [66]
Topsoil and Subsoil placement
$6.91/m3 [66]
Site Clearing and Grubbing
$0.58/m2 [66]
Staff $11.0/hour [69]
Solar Panel $263.5/pallet [70]
Wood $0.90/m3 [68]
Pavement Messages-Pedestrian Crossing
$408/message [66]
Pavement Messages-STOP
$322/message [66]
Roadway Lines-Supplying paint and
painting
$797/km [66]
Asphalt Driveway $14.5/m2 [67]
Stone $56.7/m2 [71]
Recycled plastic benches $606.10/unit [72]
Gardening Tools Kit (Trimmer,Lawn
Mower,Leaf Blower, Chain Saw,Pruner,Shear,
Garden Rakes,Leaf Rakes,Shovel,gloves,and
Wheelbarrow)
1,734.9/kit [73]
Commented [22]: This is not a capital cost unless it's just for the construction.
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The following section profiles costs that are going to arise during the lifecycle of the
design.
Capital Costs Fixed Operating
Costs
Variable Operating
Costs
External Costs
Design and Implementation
Material:
❖ Cement ❖ Concrete ❖ Solar panels ❖ Wood ❖ Recycled plastic ❖ Plants ❖ pavilion tent ❖ Tables ❖ Park benches ❖ Picnic Tables
Contracts:
❖ Construction companies
Contracts:
❖ Maintenance companies
Pollution:
❖ Noise ❖ Dust ❖ Carbon
emissions
Use Utilities:
❖ Water bills ❖ Electricity
bills
Labour:
❖ Staff wages ➢ Janitors ➢ Gardeners
Maintenance:
● Garden ● Washrooms
Maintenance:
❖ Pathways ❖ Theatre ❖ Playground
Delay:
❖ Pedestrian ❖ Vehicular
speeds
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Disposal Material:
● Recycling wood ● Recycling
plastic ● Disposal of
solar panels
3.0 Updated Project Management Plan
The client will be invited to sit in on the final presentation at 10:15 am, April 22nd in BA
1210 at the University of Toronto.
4.0 Conclusion/Recommendation
Regenesis would like to create capacity by providing infrastructure on an unused piece
of land to promote the development of the surrounding community. This design should
support a wide range of activities, have a large user capacity, and be useable year
round.
The design chosen incorporates an outdoor amphitheatre with a fire pit, an adventure
playground, a pavilion that can be used for farmer’s market stalls, and a community
garden. The design plans on attracting community members together to increase the
social network among them.
The next step is to complete all necessary visuals for the final presentation.
Engineering Strategies and Practice
23
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Engineering Strategies and Practice
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Engineering Strategies and Practice
30
Appendices
Appendix A: Maps
From the aerial photographs below, it is clear to see that the land Eglinton parkette lies
on was defined in the 1950’s, and has never had a permanent use since.
Map from 1947 (the top street is Eglinton Ave., the far left street is Victoria Park Ave.
O’Connor Dr. has yet to be built to form the triangle.) [74]
Map from 1957 (the triangle formed by the 3 streets is Eglinton Parkette) [74]
Map from 1962 [74]
Engineering Strategies and Practice
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Map from 1983 [74]
Map from 1992 [74]
Engineering Strategies and Practice
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Map from 2014 [75]
Engineering Strategies and Practice
33
Appendix B: Pairwise Comparison for Objectives
Pairwise Comparison Table:
A pairwise comparison table is used to prioritize a list of objectives. Each pair was voted
on by the group to decide which was more important.
Objective 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Score
1 Environmental --- 0 0 0 1 0 1 3
2 Should have as large a capacity as possible
1 --- 1 1 1 0 1 6
3 Year round usage 1 0 --- 1 1 0 1 4
4 Provide Job Opportunities 1 0 0 --- 1 0 1 3
5 Inexpensive 0 0 0 0 --- 0 1 1
6 Should be able to hold as many different events/activities/programs as possible
1 1 1 1 1 --- 1 7
7 Few delays to local traffic 0 0 0 0 0 0 --- 0
Appendix C: Community Centers
There are two community centres that are within walking distance, 100m and 600m
away [76][77], as well as a public library, 230m away [78], that can reasonably use the
park for programs, activities, and events. The O’Connor community center has 7
programs that could be held outside in nice weather. These include : Hip hop, line
dancing, music, fitness/cardio, yoga, soccer, and basketball [79]. The Working Women’s
Community Centre or HUB, has 4 programs that could be held outside in nice weather.
These include Youth Engagement Club, Conversation Club, Thursday Fun Club, and
yoga [80]. The library only has 1 program that can be held outside, which is their
Reading and Storytime program [81]. This is total of 11 different activities (yoga is
repeated in both community centres) that could be held in the outdoor facilities of
design.
Engineering Strategies and Practice
34
Appendix D: Capacity
The figure above shows the entire area that is available for a for a farmers market, an
amphitheatre, and an adventure park. After factoring out the area that is occupied by
trees, there is 96000-10000=86000 ft2 of usable space (Appendix I). The client stated
that there should be a relatively equal importance on all three aspects. It can then be
assumed that the space should be equally divided. 86000/3≅29000 ft2. for each aspect
of the park.
Amphitheatre:
The client has asked for a small outdoor amphitheatre for summer concerts, outdoor
classes, outdoor storytelling (from the local Toronto Public Library) and for other
activities. One similar small outdoor amphitheatre is the Toronto Music Garden. The
client would like the amphitheatre to hold at least 50 people [17].
To determine the capacity of an amphitheatre design, the area of the seating area will
be divided by the area for 1 seat. According to research done by John J. Fruin, crowds
reach critical densities at one person per 5.38 ft2 [83]. To give a little extra space per
person, the capacity of the amphitheatre will be determined by number of people =
(seating area)/6 ft2 = (seating area)/0.56 m2.
Engineering Strategies and Practice
35
Farmer’s Market:
The client has asked for a farmer’s market with a capacity of at least 20 stalls and a
storage area of 600 ft2 [17].
For a farmer’s market to be effective, it is necessary to be able to walk easily from stall
to stall. Accounting for the storage space, that half the space for the farmer’s market is
taken by pedestrian walkways, and that the average space for a farmer’s market stall is
roughly 200 ft2 [84], the capacity of the farmer’s market will be: number of stalls =
(farmer’s market area - 600ft2)/(2*200 ft2/stall) = (farmer’s market area - 56m2)/(2*18
m2/stall).
Adventure Park:
It was found that children were more active in playground where they had more than
770 ft2 per child [85]. The adventure park should hold this standard, and so should have
a capacity of 29000/770 = 38 children.
The capacity of the adventure park will be: number of children = (adventure park
area)/(770 ft2/child) = (adventure park area)/(65 m2/child)
Appendix E: LEED
A LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certificate is given to
building design and construction, interior design and construction, building operations
and maintenance, home design, and neighborhood development. For a neighborhood
development, and LEED looks at 5 different aspects of the design: smart location and
linkage, neighborhood pattern and design, green infrastructure and buildings,
innovation, and regional priority. A design receives a number of points in each category.
The points are then tallied to get a score [86]. The categories, which are a function of
the score, are as follows :
40-49 points: Certified
50-59 points: Silver
60-79 points: Gold
80+ points: Platinum [87].
The design will be tested using the LEED v4 for Neighborhood Development document,
which outlines how points are awarded in each aspect. The document can be found
here :
http://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-neighborhood-development-ballot-version.
Engineering Strategies and Practice
36
Appendix F: Winter Season
Due to the cold and the snow, outdoor spaces are significantly less used in the winter
months compared to the summer months. However, Central Park in New York is still
able to attract a third of its summer users [88]. The design should try and match this
statistic. During the winter, the amphitheatre and the adventure are not useable, so the
only space that is useable is the farmer’s market area. At an average farmer’s market,
there will be 1055 customers [89]. Since during the summer, the farmer’s market will be
run at most once a week, during the winter, the farmer’s market area should attract 352
people in a week.
Appendix G: Information Gathering
The team is currently in communications with the Parks, Forestry, and Recreation
department of city of Toronto, but have yet to receive enough data to estimate a budget.
Appendix H: Traffic Stream
Road capacity usually refers to maximum hourly rate which vehicles can transverse a
point or uniform part of a road. Traffic streams said to have three main characteristics :
intensity, density and mean speed [91].
Density is the number of vehicle present on that length of road.
Intensity or capacity is defined as number of vehicles passing a point or uniform part of
a road in a unit of time and is the product of mean speed and density on a stationary
and homogeneous traffic flow [91].
Travel time at full capacity = 1 / mean speed. To stay consistent, it will be defined in
terms of seconds per km (s/km).
An average car is 4 meter in length [92]. Including a 1 m space in front and behind the
car, there is a car every 6 meter. In a road with a 50 km per hour speed limit, there can
be maximum 83300 cars passing a point in our road. When the speed limit is reduced to
30 km per hour, for example near a playground [93], there can only be 5000 cars per
hour passing a point in our road. So our capacity is 83300 cars per hour.
With a length of road 72 meters long, there can only be 12 cars lined up, meaning there
is 167 cars per km.
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As mentioned above, the product of mean speed and density gives us the capacity. The
mean speed is equal to the speed limit or to 50 km per hour, meaning that without any
unforeseen delays our travel time at full capacity is 72 s/km.
Appendix I: Air Quality Index(AQI)
Air Quality Index (AQI) is a measurement used to determine the air quality of a certain
place at a certain time. It is a function of ozone, fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide,
carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and total reduced sulphur compounds in the air.
The following are the different categories for AQI and their meanings:
0-15: Very good air quality
16-31: Good air quality
32-49: Moderate air quality. May have adverse effect on very sensitive people
50-99: Poor air quality. May have adverse effect on sensitive people and animals. May
cause significant damage to vegetation and properties.
99+: Very poor air quality. May have adverse effects on those exposed.
[90]
Appendix J: Area Occupied by Trees
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The figure above shows the area that is occupied by trees, which is 10000 sq feet.[94]
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Appendix K: Parks Near to the Triangle
The figures below shows the five parks that are near to the triangle.
[22]
Appendix L: Seating Area
The amphitheatre will be a semi-circle with an area of 800m2. Thus its radius will be
√(2 ∗ 800/𝜋) ≃ 16𝑚. The largest activities, such as a dancing studio or a full broadway
performance musical require a stage of about 2000 ft2 or 185 m2 [95][96]. Thus the
radius of the stage will be √(185/𝜋) ≃ 7.7𝑚. Rounding up to the nearest meter, the
stage will have radius of 8m, creating an actual area of 200m2. Seats should be at least
18 in or 0.4572m deep [nyc], however a full meter will be given to each row to provide
necessary space for feet. (16𝑚 − 8𝑚)/(1𝑚) ≃ 8 different seating levels. Finding the
sum of the circumferences of these 8 seating levels =∑7𝑛=0 𝜋(8 + 1𝑛) ≃290m in total
circumference. The average chair for an adult is 20 in. or 0.51m wide [97]. To provide
comfort an additional quarter metre is added on each side of a person. The density of
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seats is therefore 1 person/m. The maximum capacity of the amphitheatre is therefore
(290m)/(1m/person) = 290 people.
Each seat should be at about 20 in or 0.51 m tall [94]. With the 8 rows, the amphitheatre
seating will descend about 4 m down.
Appendix M
The farmer’s market stands in the pavilion will use the following tables:
[104]
Produce will be placed both on both levels as the farmer desires. When not needed for
the farmer’s market, two of these tables can be put together to become a picnic table as
shown below:
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[104]
These picnic tables will be used by park users to eat and relax.
Appendix N: Adventure Park
[98]
(A current “junkyard” playground)
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The adventure park will be modelled after a junkyard playground. It focuses on reusing
otherwise disposed of material that is safe to play with or can be modified so. This
design serves two purposes; it demonstrates the value of recycling to the children, and
it is environmentally sustainable stemming from its reuse of material.
The design will primarily made of recycled wood and tires. All load bearing pieces will
be new or rigorously tested for safety reasons.
The adventure park will have an area of 1520m2, and will be in a circular shape.
Appendix O: Park benches and picnic tables
The park will contain park benches and picnic tables to allow users to sit down and eat.
The park benches will have dimensions of 1.83m by 0.4572m [99], and take up an area
of 1.83m*0.632m = 1.16m2. The picnic table will have diameter of 1.37m, and including
the benches for the table, the set up will take up an area of 2.26m * 2.26m = 5.11m2
[100].
Appendix P: Activity density
One of the equations to measure the diversity of the activities was derived in a study by
M.Batty, E. Besussi, K. Matt, J. J. Haarts . The equation express the amount of activity
as a proportion of its maximum, and applying it for all the activities in the design.
Where d(t) is the diversity density, k is the number of activities in the community hub,
and a(i,k) is the number of activities a specific point i. The results will range between 0
and K, where K is the total number of activities in the entire area [102][103].
Appendix Q: Life Cycle Diagram
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Appendix R: Roadway
Roadways are discouraged to be made playground zones if it is an arterial road, a
freeway, or an expressway [101]. Since both Eglinton Ave and Victoria Park Ave are
arterial roadways, the only playground zone would be Eglinton Square. Signs would be
put up to decrease the speed for that small segment of road to 30km/h. This will be
implemented for all the alternative designs, which makes the objective of having few
delays useless to choose our proposed design.
Appendix S: Gantt Chart
Below is a Gantt chart starting February 6th and ending with the Final Presentation
Commented [23]: Where are there locker rooms? What would they be used for (there are no sports facilities)?
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