EG2234 Earth Observation DISASTER Mitigation and relief.
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Transcript of EG2234 Earth Observation DISASTER Mitigation and relief.
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EG2234Earth Observation
DISASTER
Mitigation and relief
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Topics• Introduction to applications• Disaster management• Fires• Flooding• Extreme weather• Terrorism• Tsunami• Earthquakes• Refugee monitoring
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Uses of RS for Disaster Management
• Wildfires Volcanic eruptions
• Avalanche Tsunami
• Earthquake Landslides
• Flooding Extreme weather
• Drought Disease
• Refugees Military
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Uses of RS for Disaster Management
DisasterManagement
PLANNING
MITIGATIONLEARNING
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Uses of RS for Disaster Management
PLANNING MITIGATION
ModellingAssessmentPredictionContingency
Monitoring situationsDeployment of resourcesDecision-makingPublic relations
COST EFFECTIVENESS !!!
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ERS• European Remote Sensing Satellite
• all weather 25-500 metre land and sea observations, radar and Synthetic Aperture Radar
• 3 dimensional mapping, oil spill detection, flood extent, damage assessment, night coverage
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JERS
• Japanese Earth Resources Satellite
• all weather 18 metre land and sea observations
• 3 dimensional mapping, oil spill detection, flood extent, damage assessment, night coverage
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QuickBird• Launched in 1998
• visual 1 metre land observations
• high-resolution mapping, infrastructure identification, terrain analysis
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Uses of RS for Disaster ManagementFires
Fire detection by satellite provides a highly efficient means of detecting and eradicating forest fires without large numbers of ground-based workers
Thermal infrared imagery shows “hotspots” that may be distinguished from clouds of similar albedo
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Uses of RS for Disaster ManagementFires
A fire detection and management system should have the following aims:
• A measure of the geographical limits of the fire-front• An estimate of fire intensity• Monitoring of burnt area to look for latent fires• Mapping of burnt areas to aid restoration
(Barducci et al. 2002)
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Uses of RS for Disaster ManagementFlooding
Floods are easily seen from space - particularly over very large areas. Sometimes the view of the ground can be obscured by clouds - not a problem if the flooding was due to a large storm system
GIS models allow us to estimate the risk of flooding before it happens. Monitoring by both NOAA and Meteosat helped disaster mitigation activities in Mozambique during 2001
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Uses of RS for Disaster ManagementFlooding
A combination of both optical and radar remote sensing can provide a model for estimating likelihood of floodplain inundation(Townsend and Walsh, 1998)
Often, detailed hydrological models are as important as the remotely sensed data to estimate risk and undertake effective post-disaster management
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Uses of RS for Disaster ManagementExtreme Weather
Many natural disasters result from extreme weather events such as hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones.
These meteorological phenomena are typically large-scale and can be seen from space.
Satellites allow us to track these phenomena, determine the likelihood of them affecting human population and hence undertake mitigation activities.
The role of remote sensing for support of “geoengineering” activities for mitigation is discussed by Bauer et al. 1999
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Hurricane Hugo in 1989
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Uses of RS for Disaster ManagementTerrorism
Following the assault on the World Trade Center in New York on september 11th in 2001, the Ikinos and NOAA satellites were used to obtain detailed images of the site affected.
Lidar radar sweeps were used to “cut through” dust and build up a picture beneath
RS data helped inform disaster management crews
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Uses of RS for Disaster Management
Tsunami
Like coastal flooding, Tsunami events may be modelled and within a GIS.
Complex computational fluid dynamics (CFD) requires very detailed bathymetric and topographic data retrieved from remote sensing missions. Earthquakes and landslides that contribute to tsunami formation can be assessed by different remote sensing techniques.
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QuickBird used extensively throughout Asian Tsunami Disaster
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QuickBird used extensively throughout Asian Tsunami Disaster
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QuickBird used extensively throughout Asian Tsunami Disaster
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QuickBird used extensively throughout Asian Tsunami Disaster
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QuickBird used extensively throughout Asian Tsunami Disaster
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QuickBird used extensively throughout Asian Tsunami Disaster
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Uses of RS for Disaster ManagementEarthquakes
The aftermath of an earthquake is clearly highly visible from space using high resolution satellites and aerial photography
Detailed image analysis can assist ground crews to locations where electrical pylons, ruptured gas/oil pipes or urban fires require immediate attention.
(See Wu et al. 2000)
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Chernobyl reactor disaster
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Uses of RS for Disaster ManagementRefugee Monitoring
In recent years, the advent of very high spatial resolution imagery has allowed disaster relief workers to monitor the movement of refugees both within a country (Mozambique for example) or between countries (Eastern Europe and Angola). Individual vehicles as well as groups of people can be tracked and their number assessed. This information can assist logistics to refugee camps or food aid distribution efforts.
See:http://www.eurisy.asso.fr/events/humanitar/proceedings/ppt/WOLFF/
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NEW Disaster Monitoring Constellation: http://www.dmcii.com/