Efisiensi solar cells
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Transcript of Efisiensi solar cells
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Photovoltaic Cells: Solar Cells
EBB 424
Dr. Sabar D. HutagalungUSM
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Efficiency Efficiency = Fraction of incident light energy converted to electrical
energy. Efficiency is the most important characteristic because it allows the
device to be assessed economically in comparison to other energy devices.
For a given solar spectrum, the efficiency depends on: Semiconductor material Device structure Ambient conditions (temperature) High radiation damage Sun spectrum
Efficiency alone is not enough, the cost of the cell is also important and the life time.
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I-V characteristics & Efficiency
Typical I-V characteristic of solar cells
in dark (diode)
under illumination
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As the intensity increases, the short-circuit current ISC increases linearly, but the open circuit voltage VOC increases sublinearly.
I-V characteristics & Efficiency
The I-V characteristics of a solar cell with varying illumination as a parameter.
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I-V characteristics & Efficiency
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The I-Va characteristic of a solar cell. The maximum power is obtained at Pm ImVm
I-V characteristics & Efficiency
(I)(II)
(III) (IV)
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I-V characteristics & Efficiency
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I-V characteristics & Efficiency
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I-V characteristics & Efficiency
The I-V characteristics of a solar cell with varying illumination
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I-V characteristics & Efficiency
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Calculation, Consider a solar cell driving a 30 resistive load. The cell has area = 1 cm x 1 cm and is illuminated with light of intensity = 600Wm-2 and has I-V characteristic as shown below.
Q: What are the current and voltage in the circuit?
A: I’ = 14.2mA , V’ = 0.425V
Q: Calculate the power delivered to the load (Pout)
A: Area under the I’, V’ rectangular = P
P= 14.2 x 10-3A x 0.425V = 6.035mW
14.2mA
0.425V
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Calculation,
Q: Calculate the input sun-light power
A: Pin = (light intensity x surface area)
Pin = 600Wm-2 x (0.01m)2 = 0.06W
Q: Calculate the efficiency of the device
A: = 100x (Pout/Pin)
Pin = 0.06W
Pout = 6.035mW
= 10.06%
Q: State why the efficiency is very small?
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Solar Spectrum
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Conversion Efficiency
The most efficient PV modules usually employ single-crystal Si cells, with efficiencies up to 15%.
Poly-crystalline cells are less expensive to manufacture but yield module efficiencies of about 11%.
Thin-film cells are less expensive still, but give efficiencies to about 8% and suffer greater losses from deterioration.
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Solar Photovoltaic Plants
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How PV Cells Work
Diagram of a photovoltaic cell
Photovoltaic cells, modules, panels and arrays
Major photovoltaic system components.
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18
Problem
Suppose that a particular family house in a sunny geographic location consumes a daily average electrical power of 1500 W supply by an 50 m2 are of solar panel. The average solar intensity incident per day is about 6 kWh m-2. What is the efficiency of solar cell?
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Solution
Total sunlight energy per day: = intensity x area
= 6 kWh m-2 x 50 m2= 300 kWh
Solar cell output = 1.5 kW x 24 h = 36 kWh
Efficiency = Output/Total energy light= 36 kWh/300 kWh= 12 %
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Solar Cells
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