Fair And Efficient CPU Scheduling Algorithms Jeyaprakash ...
Efficient Scheduling of Repetitive Projects
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Transcript of Efficient Scheduling of Repetitive Projects
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Efficient Scheduling of Efficient Scheduling of Repetitive ProjectsRepetitive Projects
Prof. Tarek HegazyComputer-Aided Construction
Project Management, & Infrastructure Asset Management
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Linear & Repetitive Projects Linear & Repetitive Projects Problems with Existing ToolsProblems with Existing Tools Proposed Management ModelsProposed Management Models ImplementationsImplementations
Highway ApplicationHighway Application High-Rise ApplicationHigh-Rise Application Distributed Sites ApplicationDistributed Sites Application
ConclusionConclusion
Agenda
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HorizontalHorizontalDistributedDistributed
VerticalVertical
Linear & Repetitive Projects
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Linear & Repetitive Projects
Various Types:Various Types:Horizontal, Vertical, & Distributed
Large Size & Many ResourcesLarge Size & Many Resources Combination of In-House & OutsourcingCombination of In-House & Outsourcing Complex to Schedule & ControlComplex to Schedule & Control Sensitive to EnvironmentSensitive to Environment Stringent Deadlines & BudgetsStringent Deadlines & Budgets
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Acti
vity
Acti
vity
Task 5
Task 7Task 6Task 1
Task 4
Task 3
Task 2
Existing Tools Not suitable for Not suitable for
repetitive projectsrepetitive projects No legible view of No legible view of
the large project the large project datadata
Inadequate Inadequate planning planning
No cost No cost Optimization Optimization
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Objectives
New Scheduling Model:New Scheduling Model:Better RepresentationBetter RepresentationWork Continuity Work Continuity Meet DeadlinesMeet Deadlines
Flexible PlanningFlexible Planning Cost Optimization Cost Optimization
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Station 1
Station 2
Station n
Linear Scheduling Model
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Site
Time
11 -
9 -
7 -
5 -
3 -
1 -
AB
C
D
C
rew
s: 3
4
3
3
End
Dat
e
New Representation
How to Design the Schedule?1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27
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C = D x C = D x RR
Crew 2
Crew 1
Crew 3
Crew 2
Crew 1
Unit5
0 1 2 3 Time
1
2
3
4
Su = Su-1 + 1/Ri
Fu = Su + Di
One Activity - 3 CrewsOne Activity - 3 Crews
Work Continuity
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1
4
5
3
6
2
9
8
7
Units3 Parallel Crews3 Stagg. Crews
Work Continuity
Color coded Crews
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Stat
ion
Time
1
4
5
3
6
2
9
8
7
A DB C
Low Pr
Crew 3
Crew 2
Crew 1
Crew 2
Crew 1
Scheduling Flexibility
A: A: single single crew from crew from units 3 to units 3 to 88
C: C: crew crew continuity continuity under under variable variable durationsdurations
B: B: work work interruptiointerruption at unit 6n at unit 6
D: D: red and red and blue crews blue crews move from move from both sides both sides at same at same time time (channel (channel tunnel)tunnel)
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Optional Construction Methods
Resource DataResource Data
MaterialMaterial
SubsSubs
CrewCrewLaborLabor
EquipmentEquipment
Cost Cost OptimizationOptimization
Method Method 33Method Method 22Method Method 11
Activity Activity ii
From From Slow & Slow & CheapCheap to to Fast & Fast &
ExpensiveExpensive
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Cost Optimization
Complex Problem – Genetic Optimization
Direct Cost + Indirect Cost + Direct Cost + Indirect Cost + Penalty/IncentivePenalty/Incentive
Objective Objective Function:Function:
Duration <= DeadlineDuration <= DeadlineIndividual Resources <= Max. AllowedIndividual Resources <= Max. Allowed
Constraints: Constraints:
No. of Crews No. of Crews Work Methods (3 options)Work Methods (3 options)
Variables:Variables:
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Different Implementations
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Example3 Km highway, each station is 300 m
(i.e., 10 stations)
1. Highway Application
Right of Way
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Data of activities, project constraints, and productivity data
1. Highway Application
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Estimate 1Estimate 1 Estimate 2Estimate 2 Estimate 3Estimate 3StationStation Max.Max.
CrewsCrews($)($) (d)(d) ($)($) (d)(d) ($)($) (d)(d)
1. Excavation, E.1. Excavation, E.2. Sub-base, East2. Sub-base, East3. Base, East3. Base, East4. Binder, East4. Binder, East5. Asphalt, East5. Asphalt, East6. Curbs, East6. Curbs, East7. Lighting, East7. Lighting, East8. Sidewalks, E.8. Sidewalks, E.9. Paint , East9. Paint , East
1 1 toto
1010
222233111111222211
21 K21 K7.8 K7.8 K72 K72 K30 K30 K
14.4 K14.4 K31.2 K31.2 K19.2 K19.2 K11 K11 K
3322
10101.21.211222222
30 K30 K--------
80 K80 K----------------
38 K38 K25 K25 K--------
22--------88
----------------1111
--------
----------------
100 K100 K----------------------------------------
----------------55
----------------------------------------
198198 0.20.2 -------- -------- -------- --------
Data of activities’ optional estimates
Means Cost Data
1. Highway Application
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StationStation
1. Excavation, East1. Excavation, East2. Sub-base, East2. Sub-base, East3. Base, East3. Base, East4. Binder, East4. Binder, East5. Asphalt, East5. Asphalt, East6. Curbs, East6. Curbs, East7. Lighting, East7. Lighting, East8. Sidewalks, East8. Sidewalks, East
1 1 toto55
9. Paint9. Paint 11 to to 1010
10 to 1710 to 17. Same as 1-. Same as 1-8 but at West Side8 but at West Side 1010 to to 66
Construction MethodTWO set of Crews moving from Both Sides
1. Highway Application
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User input of the three estimates
1. Highway Application
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West Sections
East Sections
Deadline not met
Click on any activity to get detailed schedule
data
Color-coded crews.
Options
1. Highway ApplicationInitial schedule
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Deadline met
After Optimization
1. Highway Application
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Different Implementations
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Unique Considerations: Structural–Core RepresentationStructural–Core Representation Horizontal and Vertical Constraints Horizontal and Vertical Constraints Weather and Learning Curve EffectsWeather and Learning Curve Effects Introducing Proper Work InterruptionsIntroducing Proper Work Interruptions Meet Project DeadlineMeet Project Deadline Alternative Construction MethodsAlternative Construction Methods Presenting a Clear & Realistic SchedulePresenting a Clear & Realistic Schedule
2. High-Rise Application
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Vertical Constraints: Dependences among activities on Vertical Constraints: Dependences among activities on Different FloorsDifferent Floors
1
2
3
4
5
t2
B BFloor
Time
t3t1 Shift Time
A
Shoring Removal
Pre-Cast panels InstallationWindows Installation
2. High-Rise Application
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Standard Vs Non-Standard floorsStandard Vs Non-Standard floors
Time
1
10
Floor20
Structural Core activities after reduction
Structural Core activities before reduction
2. High-Rise Application
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Ground Floor
Residential Floors- 8th to 13th (50% of Standard Floors)
Sketch of Hypothetical Building
Basement 1
2
11
5
4
3
10
6
7
9
8
13
12
CPM Network for The Case-Study
2. High-Rise Application
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Activities Cost and Durations
2. High-Rise Application
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Project Constraints Deadline = 11 months (220 working days)Deadline = 11 months (220 working days) Total Budget : $17 millionsTotal Budget : $17 millions Indirect Cost: $5,000 per dayIndirect Cost: $5,000 per day Liquidated Damage: $100,000 per dayLiquidated Damage: $100,000 per day Incentives: 10,000 per dayIncentives: 10,000 per day 3 Construction methods / Activity3 Construction methods / Activity Monthly productivity factorsMonthly productivity factors Floor changes at the 8th levelFloor changes at the 8th level
2. High-Rise Application
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Data InputData Input
2. High-Rise Application
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Specifying ConstraintsSpecifying Constraints
2. High-Rise Application
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Initial ScheduleInitial Schedule
Optimization Needed!Optimization Needed!
2. High-Rise Application
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Schedule OptimizationSchedule Optimization
Resources Vs DeadlineResources Vs Deadline Number of CrewsNumber of Crews Construction MethodsConstruction Methods InterruptionInterruption No. CyclesNo. Cycles
2. High-Rise Application
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ResultsResults
Structural Activities
Pre-cast Panels
StudWindows
Vertical Constraints Are MetVertical Constraints Are Met
2. High-Rise Application
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Visualization ReportsVisualization Reports
Very Useful for Site Personnel During Project Control Very Useful for Site Personnel During Project Control
2. High-Rise Application
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3. Projects with Multiple Distributed Sites (e.g., Multiple
Houses)
Different Implementations
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Infrastructure Management
Systems
Execution order?Outsourcing?
In-house resources?Meet Strict deadline?Normal / Overtime?
Execution Planning
List of Priority Assets & Repair Types
M&R Planning
3. Distributed Sites
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End0 1 2 3 Time4 5 6
Crew 1
Crew 2
Site 5
Site 5
Site 1
Site 1
Site 2
Site 2
Site 3
Site 3
Site 4
Site 4
Crew 1
Crew 2
Crew 1
Crew 2
Repair
Acti
vity
Repair Activity for
Five SchoolsCrew 1
Distributed Scheduling
Determines: Crews, Work Determines: Crews, Work Methods, & Site Order that Methods, & Site Order that Meet Deadline with Minimum Meet Deadline with Minimum Cost.Cost.
Crew Moving – Delivery Crew Moving – Delivery MethodsMethods
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Delivery Approaches for MR&R Programs
In-House Resources
Outsourcing + Out-Tasking
Combination of All
MR&R Delivery Options
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Activities i
Timecost
Timecost
Timecost
2. Built-In Auto-Estimates:
Work assignment options:Normal work, Overtime, or Weekends
- Work continuity - Enhanced presentation
Optimum values of: - Order of execution - Work assignment option - Activity Crews - Crew non-work periods
Planning
Cost Optimization
- Project status - Progress Updates
Optimum corrective
actions
Actual
Progress
Re-Optimization
oOrder of execution oContractors vs in-houseo Automated Estimateso Crew Work Continuityo Deadline Durationo Resource limitso Specific Site Conditionso Crew Movement Time/Costo GIS-based site distanceso PalmTM – based progress
3. Planning & Control:
Features
1. Resource Depository:
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Real-Life Application
- Activitiies, - Activitiies,
- Logical - Logical RelationsRelations
- Three - Three Estimates.Estimates.
Slow & Cheap Slow & Cheap OptionOption
Fast & Fast & Expensive Expensive
OptionOption
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Data inputs Data inputs for activity for activity delivery delivery and and constraintsconstraints
Real-Life Application
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Real-Life ApplicationInitial Initial ScheduleSchedule
Two Two Outsourced Outsourced sites sites
Deadline Deadline not metnot met
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Real-Life Application
Deadline met at Deadline met at Min. cost.Min. cost.
Schedule => Schedule => GISGIS
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VisualizationAutomateAutomatedDispatch dDispatch MapsMaps
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VisualizationAutomateAutomatedDispatch dDispatch MapsMaps
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Benefits
Cost-Effective deliveryCost-Effective delivery In-house vs outsourcing vs out-taskingIn-house vs outsourcing vs out-tasking Ties to Asset Management SystemsTies to Asset Management Systems Realistic execution to meet constraints Realistic execution to meet constraints Do more for less & reduce backlogDo more for less & reduce backlog Speedy corrective actionsSpeedy corrective actions
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EasyPlan DEMODEMO www.civil.uwaterloo.ca/tare
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