Efficient LED lamp for enhancing commercial and home plant growth

13
 United States Patent US006921182B2 12) 10) Patent N0.: US 6,921,182 B2 Anderson, Jr. e t al. 45) Date of Patent: Jul. 26, 2005 (54) EFFICIENT LED LAMPFOR ENHANCING 5,660,461 A * 8/1997 Ignatius e t al. ........... . . 362/241 COMMERCIALAND HOME PLANT 6,043,893 A * 3/2000 Treiman e t al. 356/402 ROWTH 6,270,244 B1 * 8/2001 Naum ............... . . 362/583 6,371,637 B 1 * 4/2002 Atchinson e t al. 362/555 . - - 6,474,838 B2 * 11/2002 Fan et al. ............... . 362/231 (75) Inventors‘ Wllham Grant Anflers‘m’ Jr 6,486,726 B 1 11/2002 Worgley, Sr. e t al. ...... . . 327/514 Fallbrook CA Us) Larry Stephen 6,504,301 B1 1/2003 Lowery .................... . . 313/512 Cape“, Oceanslde> CA(US) 6,602,275 B 1 * 8/2003 Sullivan ...... . . 607/88 _ _ 6,688,759 B1 * 2/2004 Hadjimichael 362 405 (73) Asslgneei solaroasls, Reno, NV Us) 2004/0109302 A1 * 6/2004 Yoneda ....................... . . 362/2 * ) Notice: Subject t o any disclaimer, the term o f this * cited by examiner patent i s extended or adjusted under 3 5 U_S_C_ 154 k)) by ) days_ Primary Examiner—Tuyet Thi V 0 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Ian F. Burns 21) Appl. N0.: 10/437,159 57) ABSTRACT (22) Flled: May 3’ 2003 A?rst set of orange LEDs With a peak Wavelength emission (65) Prior Publication Data of about 612 nanometers, a second set o f red light emitting LEDs With a peak Wavelength o f about 660 nanometers, and U s 2004/0230102 A1 NOV- 18: 2004 blue light LEDs. TWo beam spreads, 15° and 30°, Were (51) Int. c1.7 ................................................ .. F21V 9/00 Provided for both the 660 “In LEDs and 612 “In LEDs (52) US‘ Cl‘ 362/231_ 362/230_ 362/805_ When irected perpendicularly upon tops o f the plant leaves, 362/806 ;8 Ll]iEg3t t r a n g n é i g l s / i o l n cilccurred throughfthe t l l e a y g s f I o I r E I t J h e ° s, an 0 ig ttransmission ort e ° s. 58) Fleld e2a2r7c 5 2 3321532’ Thus, fully 50% o f the orange/red spectrum primarily used / 312 316 /149 £50 324; for photosynthesis Was transmitted through the upper leaf canopy, making it available t o support photosynthesis in (56) References Cit d leaves beloW. LED lamps are positioned a t varying distances from the groWing plants for controlling plant groWth rates U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS that vary With these distances, thereby t o control plant 4 298 869 A 11/1981 k 340/782 inventory, because groWth of plants can be greatly sloWed o 4,673,865 A 6/1987 136E326 323/222 preserve them during periods of 510W Sales‘ 5,012,609 A * 5/1991 Ignatius e t al. .. 47/1.01 R 5,278,432 A * 1/1994 Ignatius et al. ............. . . 257/88 41 Claims, 7 Drawing Sheets

Transcript of Efficient LED lamp for enhancing commercial and home plant growth

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1

EF F IC I ENT LEDLAMPFOR ENHANCING

COMMERCIAL AND

HOME

PLANT

GROWTH

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The

p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n

r e l a t e s

t o

t h e

? e l d

o f

g r o w i n g

p l a n t s .

F o r d e c a d e s s c i e n t i s t s

h a v e

d e l v e d

e v e r

d e e p e r

i n t o

t h e

i n n e r W o r k i n g s

o f p l a n t s ,

a n d p a r t i c u l a r l y

i n t o

t h o s e p r o

c e s s e s

Which a r e d r i v e n

by t h e

c h e m i c a l

c a p t u r e o f l i g h t

e n e r g y . A t t h e same t i m e , r e s e a r c h

i n t o

n e W met h o d s

f o r

c o n v e r t i n g e l e c t r i c i t y i n t o l i g h t o f

p a r t i c u l a r

W a v e l e n g t h s

h a s l e d

some e n g i n e e r s

t o

t r y

t o p r o d u c e

a r t i ? c i a l

l i g h t i n g

W h i c h p r o m o t e s p l a n t g r o W t h . U n t i l r e c e n t l y t h i s

h a s

m e a n t

m o d i f y i n g e n e r g y

i n e f f i c i e n t

“ W h i t e l i g h t ” s o u r c e s

t o

p r o

d u c e more l i g h t a t W a v e l e n g t h s knoWn t o

p r o m o t e

p l a n t

g r o W t h a n d h e a l t h . T h i s h y b r i d t e c h n o l o g y , i n W h i c h

t h e

b u l k

o f

t h e

l i g h t f r o m

t h e s e a u g m e n t e d “ p l a n t g r o W

l i g h t s ”

c a n ’ t

b e u s e d

e f ? c i e n t l y b y

p l a n t s , h a s d o m i n a t e d t h e m a r k e t f o r

f o u r d e c a d e s .

W h i l e

e l e c t r i c i t y

Was

a b u n d a n t

a n d

c h e a p ,

t h e s e

“ o l d

s c h o o l ”

p l a n t g r o W

l i g h t s ,

b a s e d m a i n l y o n

H I D , h i g h

p r e s s u r e s o d i u m , o r ? u o r e s c e n t s t y l e l a m p s , W e r e

a c c e p t a b l e

d e s p i t e t h e i r i m p e r f e c t i o n s .

B u t

t h e y s t i l l h a v e many

s h o r t

c o m i n g s . T h e y t y p i c a l l y

c o n v e r t

o n l y

10—15

o f e l e c t r i c a l

e n e r g y i n t o l i g h t ,

a n d

o n l y a v e r y s m a l l

p o r t i o n

o f t h a t l i g h t

c a n

b e

u s e d

by

p l a n t s .

Some

o f

t h e m , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e HID

l a m p s ,

e m i t

s h o r t W a v e l e n g t h

UV i g h t

W h i c h

i s

d a m a g i n g t o

b o t h

t h e p l a n t s

b e i n g

g r o W n

u n d e r t h e m a n d t h e

p e o p l e

t e n d i n g t h e

p l a n t s . A l l o f

t h e s e

l a m p s g e n e r a t e W a s t e h e a t

Which m u s t b e

e l i m i n a t e d

t o

p r e v e n t damage

t o t h e p l a n t s

t h e y i l l u m i n a t e , a d d i n g t o t h e i r o p e r a t i o n a l

c o s t .

They c o n

t a i n e n v i r o n m e n t a l l y

d a m a g i n g m e t a l s , a r e

f r a g i l e ,

a n d h a v e

a s h o r t o p e r a t i n g l i f e .

A s e l e c t r i c i t y

s u p p l i e s f a i l

t o

k e e p

p a c e W i t h d e m a n d ,

l e a d i n g

t o

e v e r h i g h e r p r i c e s ,

t h e

n e e d f o r

more

e f ? c i e n t

p l a n t

g r o W i n g

l i g h t s

i n c r e a s e s .

T h e l a t e s t

g e n e r a t i o n o f

h i g h

o u t p u t L E D s , W i t h t h e i r

n a r r o W

l i g h t

o u t p u t

W a v e l e n g t h s ,

a r e a good

c h o i c e

f o r c r e a t i n g t h e

n e x t g e n e r a t i o n o f

p l a n t

g r o W l i g h t i n g . M o s t

LED

p l a n t g r o W l i g h t i n g s y s t e m s a v a i l

a b l e

t o d a y c a n o n l y b e u s e d i n a l a b o r a t o ry . The o t h e r s , W h i l e

c l a i m i n g

t o

b e u s e f u l t o

commercial

p l a n t g r o W e r s , a r e

m e r e l y m o d i ? c a t i o n s o f t h e l a b o r a t o r y - s p e c i ? c

s y s t e m s .

To

o u r knowledge, n o one h a s

y e t

developed

a n

e f ? c i e n t

L E D - b a s e d p l a n t g r o W i n g

l i g h t t h a t

i s a m e n a b l e

t o b o t h

h o m e l i g h t i n g d e s i g n a n d c o m m e r c i a l p l a n t p r o d u c t i o n . By

d e s i g n i n g o u r

LED

lamp

a s

a b u l b , Which can be used i n

i n d u s t r y s t a n d a r d

l i g h t i n g

? x t u r e s , We h a v e c r e a t e d a p r o d

u c t t h a t h a s u n i v e r s a l

a p p e a l

a n d m a r k e t a b i l i t y . O u r l a m p

c a n b e m a n u f a c t u r e d

i n e x p e n s i v e l y

W i t h

r e a d il y a v a i l a b l e

p a r t s f o r b o t h h o m e and commercial u s e .

I t s

p r e f e r r e d

poWer

s o u r c e

i s

t h e

s u b j e c t

o f o u r c o p e n d i n g

u t i l i t y

p a t e n t

a p p l i c a t i o n S e r . N o . 1 0 / 3 9 7 , 7 6 3

? l e d

M a r . 2 6 ,

2003 and e n t i t l e d

USE

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S U P P L I E S TO

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o u r

r e s e a r c h

i n v o l v e d

t h e

d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f

W h i c h

l i g h t

f r e q u e n c i e s o r W a v e l e n g t h s W o u l d p r o d u c e

s u p e r i o r p l a n t g r o W t h r e s u l t s . E a c h

p l a n t

p i g m e n t

a b s o r b s

l i g h t a t o n e o r more

s p e c i ? c W a v e l e n g t h s .

The a r e a s

o f

peak

a b s o r p t i o n

f o r

e a c h pigment

a r e

n a r r o W ,

and

t h e measure

ments ma d e With pigments c o n c e n t r a t e d i n

a

t e s t t u b e

a r e

d i f f e r e n t t h a n t h o s e

d o n e

o n

l i v i n g

p l a n t s . The W a v e l e n g t h o f

t h e

l i g h t

u s e d

d e t e r m i n e s i t ’ s

e n e r g y

l e v e l ,

W i t h s h o r t e r

W a v e l e n g t h s h a v i n g g r e a t e r e n e r g y t h a n l o n g e r W a v e l e n g t h s .

10

20

25

35

40

45

50

55

60

6 5

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T h u s

e a c h

a b s o r p t i o n p e a k ,

m e a s u r e d b y

t h e W a v e l e n g t h o f

l i g h t a t Which i t o c c u r s , r e p r e s e n t s a n e n e r g y t h r e s h o l d t h a t

must be

o verc ome

i n o r d e r

f o r t h e

p r o c e s s t o f u n c t i o n .

T h e r e a r e

many

p e a k s o f l i g h t a b s o r p t i o n i n

t h e

p i g m e n t s

f o u n d i n p l a n t s , a n d

i d e a l l y

i t Would b e

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them

e a c h W i t h

t h e

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a n d

b e c a u s e

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a v a i l a b l e

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e v e r y

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t o

s e e

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r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e and

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c l o s e l y

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W h i l e

s t r i v i n g t o m e e t

t h e

minimum

r e q u i r e m e n t s

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p l a n t s f o r h e a l t h y g r o W t h .

Our p a t e n t s e a r c h e s t u r n e d

up

U S . P a t . N o s . 5 , 2 7 8 ,4 3 2

a n d 5 , 0 1 2 , 6 0 9 , b o t h

i s s u e d

t o I g n a t i u s e t a l . , Wh o s u g g e s t

LED

l a n t

r a d i a t i o n v e r y b r o a d l y W i t h i n b a n d s

620—680 o r

700—760

nm r e d ) and

400—500

nm b l u e ) . A f t e r a y e a r and

a h a l f o f

r e s e a r c h , We s e t t l e d

on t h r e e more s p e c i ? c l i g h t

W a v e l e n g t h s t h a t

p r o d u c e d

t h e b e s t

p l a n t

g r o W t h

r e s u l t s .

6 6 0 n a n o m e t e r s

( n m )

i s

t h e W a v e l e n g t h

t h a t d r i v e s t h e

e n g i n e o f t h e

p h o t o s y n t h e t i c

p r o c e s s . The 680 nm Wave

l e n g t h

i s p e r h a p s

c l o s e r

t o t h e

p e a k a b s o r p t i o n

W a v e l e n g t h

o f

o n e o f

t h e t W o

c h l o r o p h y l l s

f o u n d i n

h i g h e r

p l a n t s .

HoWever, a t 6 8 0 nm you

m i s s

c o m p l e t e l y t h e a b s o r p t i o n

c u r v e o f

t h e

s e c o n d

c h l o r o p h y l l ,

a n d f u r t h e r m o r e

t h e o u t p u t

curve o f a

680

nm

LED

has a

f a i r

amoun t o f

l i g h t output

above

700

nm, Which

i s kn oW n t o

c a u s e

unWanted m o r p h o

l o g i c a l

c h a n g e s t o p l a n t s . L ED s o f 680

nm

u t p u t a r e a l s o

r a r e

i n t h e m a r k e t p l a c e , m a k i n g t h e m r e l a t i v e l y e x p e n s i v e .

Our

c h o i c e o f

a 660

nm

? r s t

Wavelength

c o m p o n e n t

i s

a

c o m p r o m i s e

W a v e l e n g t h

c o m m o n l y

u s e d

i n p l a n t g r o W i n g

r e s e a r c h , W h i c h s u p p l i e s

e n e r g y

t o

b o t h

t y p e s o f c h l o r o p h y l l

W i t h o u t e m i t t i n g e n o u g h l i g h t a b o v e 7 0 0 n m t o a d v e r s e l y

a f f e c t

p l a n t g r o W t h .

The 620 nm L E D s u s e d i n t h e a f o r e s a i d I g n a t i u s e t a l .

p a t e n t s , a r e meant t o p r o v i d e t h e l i g h t energy f o r

p h o t o s y n t h e s i s ,

b u t

a l o o k a t t h e a b s o r p t i o n

s p e c t r u m

f o r t h e

t W o

c h l o r o p h y l l s shoWs

t h a t

t h i s

W a v e l e n g t h

f a l l s

a l m o s t

e n t i r e l y o u t s i d e

t h e

a b s o r p t i o n

c u r v e f o r

c h l o r o p h y l l .

Our

r e s e a r c h s h oW e d b e t t e r

r e s u l t s

u s i n g L ED s o f

660

nm

and

612 nm a t h e r

t h a n

t h e

Wavelengths o f

620 nm

and

680

nm. B e n e ? c i a l l y , LEDs f 660 nm r e a l s o r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e

i n t h e m a r k e t , a n d

a r e

v e r y i n e x p e n s i v e .

Our second 612 nm Wavelength

c o m p o n e n t

Was s e l e c t e d

n o t t o

promote

p h o t o s y n t h e s i s ,

b u t t o match o n e o f t h e p e a k s

o f t h e c a r o t e n o i d s . A s n o t e d i n “ I n ? u e n c e o f UV-B

i r r a d i a

t i o n

on t h e c a r o t e n o i d c o n t e n t o f

V i t i s

v i n i f e r a t i s s u e s , ”

C .

C . S t e e l a n d

M. K e l l e r

( h t t p : / / b s t . p o r t l a n d p r e s s . c o m / b s t / 0 2 8 /

0883/bst028883.htm),

“carotenoid sy nthesis

. . . i s d e p e n

d e n t upon t h e

W a v e l e n g t h

o f v i s i b l e

l i g h t ,

a n d i s

d i m i n i s h e d

u n d e r y e l l o W a n d

r e d

? l t e r s . ”

By

p r o v i d i n g

t h e

o r a n g e 6 1 2 nm l i g h t ,

We

n o t o n l y

p r o m o t e

c r e a t i o n

o f

c a r o t e n o i d s ,

W h i c h

a r e

r e q u i r e d

f o r

p l a n t

h e a l t h , b u t a l s o

a d d

a

l i t t l e

t o p h o t o s y n t h e s i s , s i n c e t h e

c a r o t e n o i d s

p a s s

t h e i r

a b s o r b e d e n e r g y

t o

c h l o r o p h y l l . C a r o

t e n o i d s a r e r e q u i r e d f o r p l a n t h e a l t h d u e t o t h e i r a b i l i t y t o

a b s o r b d e s t r u c t i v e f r e e r a d i c a l s , b o t h f r o m s o l a r damage a n d

f r o m c h l o r o p h y l l p r o du c t i o n ,

W h o s e p r e c u r s o r s

W i l l d a m a g e

p l a n t t i s s u e i n

t h e a b s e n c e o f t h e

c a r o t e n o i d s .

D u r i n g

r e s e a r c h We f o u n d t h a t , b e n e ? c i a l l y ,

t e s t

p l a n t s t u r n e d a

d e e p e r

g r e e n , i . e .

p r o d u c e d more

c h l o r o p h y l l ,

W i t h t h e

a d d i t i o n o f o u r

612

nm l i g h t component. T h i s a b i l i t y

t o

i n c r e a s e

a

p l a n t ’ s

c h l o r o p h y l l c o n t e n t W i t h t h i s

s p e c i ? c

l i g h t

W a v e l e n g t h i s

a n

i m p o r t a n t

a s p e c t

o f o u r i n v e n t i o n .

B l u e l i g h t o f a b o u t 4 6 5 nm, t h i s W a v e l e n g t h b e i n g n o n

c r i t i c a l , i s s t r o n g l y a b s o r b e d b y m o s t

o f

t h e

p l a n t p i g m e n t s ,

7/21/2019 Efficient LED lamp for enhancing commercial and home plant growth

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/efficient-led-lamp-for-enhancing-commercial-and-home-plant-growth 10/13

U S 6 , 9 2 1 , 1 8 2 B2

3

b u t

i s

p r e f e r a b l y

i n c l u d e d a s

t h e

t h i r d

component

i n o u r

lamp

t o s u p p o r t

p r o p e r p h o t o m o r p h o g e n e s i s ,

o r p l a n t d e v e l o p

m e n t . A n y

LED

e a r t h i s W a v e l e n g t h

W i l l

Work a s

W e l l ,

b u t

t h e 470 nm LEDs r e c ommo nly

a v a i l a b l e

and

l e s s

e xpe n

s i v e

t h a n

many

o t h e r

b l u e

LEDs.

R e g a r d i n g t h e p r o p e r p r o p o r t i o n

f o r

e a c h

W a v e l e n g t h ,

i t i s

k n o W n , f r o m

i n d e p e n d e n t

l a b o r a t o r y

r e s e a r c h , t h a t a

b l u e /

r e d

p r o p o r t i o n o f 6—8 b l u e

t o r e d

i s

o p t i m a l . I n s u n l i g h t

t h e

b l u e / r e d l i g h t p r o p o r t i o n i s a b o u t

30 ,

b u t t h i s i s n o t

r e q u i r e d

b y

p l a n t s .

More t h a n 8 b l u e l i g h t

p r o v i d e s n o

a d d i t i o n a l b e n e ? t , b u t

a d d s

t o

t h e

c o s t o f

t h e

d e v i c e s i n c e

b l u e LEDs r e amo n g t h e most

e x p e n s i v e

t o m a n u f a c t u r e . I n

our

d e v i c e

We i n c l u d e

a b o u t

8 b l u e

l i g h t , Which

i s n e a r

o p t i m a l

f o r

p l a n t d e v e l o p m e n t W h i l e

o f f e r i n g

t h e g r e a t e s t

c o s t s a v i n g s .

Our r e s e a r c h

s h o W e d t h a t b e s t r e s u l t s Were

o b t a i n e d W h e n

t h e

o u t p u t o f

t h e 612

nm range

LEDs n o u r

d e v i c e

Was added t o t h e o u t p u t o f t h e 660 nm r e d LEDs

When

c a l c u l a t i n g

o u r

m o s t

d e s i r e d b l u e / r e d p r o p o r t i on .

Our

lamp

i s i n t e n d e d t o d e l i v e r

a

W e l l mixed b l e n d o f

a l l

t h r e e

o f

t h e W a v e l e n g t h s u s e d

t o

t h e

p l a n t

i t i s i l l u m i n a t i n g .

O t h e r

d e v i c e s Which

a r e i n t e n d e d t o groW

p l a n t s

W i t h L ED s

s o l v e t h i s p r o b l e m b y

c r e a t i n g a l t e r n a t i n g r o W s o f e a c h

W a v e l e n g t h

o f

LED

u s e d , W i t h e a c h LED s t r i n g b e i n g

c omp o s e d o f LE D s

o f

t h e same

W a v e l e n g t h .

I n

t h e s e

o t h e r

d e v i c e s ,

t h o u g h , t h e L ED s

a r e

a r r a n g e d

i n a

s q u a r e

o r

r e c t a n g u l a r bl o c k ,

m a t c h i n g t h e s h a p e

o f

t h e d e v i c e i t s e l f I n

our

c a s e ,

With

a c i r c u l a r d e s i g n ,

t h i s i s

n o t

t h e

mos t e f f e c t i v e

Way t o a l i g n t h e LEDs.

T o

i m p r o v e t h e m a n u f a c t u r a b i l i t y o f o u r c i r c u l a r l a m p , i t

p r o v e d b e t t e r t o u s e

LED

t r i n g s

t h a t mixed W a v e l e n g t h , i . e .

i n s t e a d o f p u t t i n g t h e 660 nm L ED s

i n t o t h e i r

o W n

s t r i n g s ,

We use s t r i n g s t h a t c o n t a i n both 660

nm and

612 nm LEDs,

a n d

i n

o n e

s t r i n g

u s e

a l l t h r e e

W a v e l e n g t h s .

Normally t h i s

i s n ’ t done

b e c a u s e

i t o f f e r s a g r e a t e r p o t e n t i a l f o r h a v i n g a

“ c u r r e n t h o g g i n g ” LED

l t e r

t h e

s t r i n g ’ s

d e s i g n e d o p e r a t i n g

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . C u r r e n t h o g s

can

be a problem even W h e n

l l

o f

t h e

LEDs

i n

a s t r i n g a r e o f

t h e

same Wavelength

and

m a n u f a c t u r e , b u t When

t h e

s t r i n g

i s

composed o f a m i x t u r e

o f

W a v e l e n g t h s

t h e c h a n c e s o f h a v i n g

t h i s

p r o b l e m

a r e

i n c r e a s e d . LED t r i n g s o f

mixed

W a v e l e n g t h a r e t o b e u s e d

When t h e s u p p l i e d v o l t a g e a n d

c u r r e n t

i s t i g h t l y c o n t r o l l e d .

R e g a r d i n g p r i o r

a r t f o u n d

d u r i n g o u r s e a r c h e s ,

t h e

mount

i n g

a n d

p l u g

i n

o f a n

LED

r r a y l i g h t module

i n

a

MR-16

o r

t h e l i k e

? x t u r e

i s d i s c l o s e d i n L y s US. P a t . N o . 6 , 3 4 0 , 8 6 8

i n FIGS.

20 and

2 1 .

Lyes

t e a c h e s t h e u s e o f

t h e s e

LED r r a y

m o d u l e s

f o r

a c c e l e r a t i n g p l a n t

g r o W t h ;

s e e F I G S . 92A a n d

92B.

Lys

a l s o t e a c h e s

i n

F I G .

22 t h e u s e o f a 24 v o l t DC

m o d u l e

f o r e n e r g i Z i n g t h r e e LED s t r i n g s c o n n e c t e d i n p a r

a l l e l . LoWrey

U S .

P a t . No. 6 , 5 0 4 , 3 0 1

d i s c l o s e s

a n MR-16

o u t l i n e p a c k a g e f o r a

mixed

W a v e l e n g t h L E D a r r a n g e m e n t ;

o t h e r l i g h t i n g packages s u c h a s

MRC-11

e t c . a r e

mentioned

i n h i s s p e c i ? c a t i o n c o l . 7 . Okuno US. P a t . N o . 4 , 2 9 8 , 8 6 9

d i s c l o s e s

a

c o n v e n t i o n a l

lamp

screW

i n

? x t u r e

f o r t h r e e

p a r a l l e l

LED

s t r i n g s

o f t W o v o l t LEDs

s u p p l i e d

b y 1 9 . 5

v o l t s . The c o n c e p t o f p l a c i n g t h e LE D s v e r y

c l o s e t o

t h e

p l a n t s a s t h e y

g e n e r a t e l i t t l e

h e a t i s t a u g h t i n c o l . 1 o f US.

P a t .

N o .

6 , 4 7 4 , 8 3 8 .

B R I E F

SUMMARY OF

PREFERRED

EMBODIMENTS OF THE

INVENTION

We n a l l y

f o u n d

t h a t t h e p r o p o r t i o n o f

t W e l v e

r e d 660 nm

LEDs l u s

s i x orange 612

nm LEDs and one

b l u e 470

nm

LED

Was o p t i m a l .

Our

p r e f e r r e d c i r c u l a r lamp c a n h o l d tWo

o f

t h e s e

o p t i m a l s e t s o f LEDs,

r e s u l t i n g

i n

a

d e v i c e W i t h

t W e n t y - f o u r

r e d

660

nm

EDs,

t W e l v e o r a n g e 612 nm

EDs,

and tWo b l u e

470

nm LEDs. A l s o , We used mixed LED

10

1 5

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

6 5

4

s t r i n g s

t h a t

c o n t a i n e d b o t h t y p e s o f

LEDs

f o r

e n h a n c e d

W a v e l e n g t h

m i x i n g .

We

s e d LEDs h a v i n g

t W o beam s p r e a d s o f

1 5 ° a n d

3 0 ° ,

i n e q u a l p r o p o r t i o n s , f o r b o t h t h e 660 nm L ED s

a n d

612 nm

LEDs.

W h e n d i r e c t e d p e r p e n d i c u l a r

t o t h e

u p p e r s u r f a c e o f

m a t u r e c o t t o n p l a n t l e a v e s , We f o u n d t h a t a quantum

l i g h t

s e n s o r p l a c e d

b e l o W

t h e

l e a f

r e g i s t e r e d

10

l i g h t

t r a n s m i s

s i o n f o r t h e 3 0 0

LEDs,

a n d 80 l i g h t t r a n s m i s s i o n f o r t h e

1 5 °

LED, a n d f u l l y 50 o f t h e o r a n g e / r e d s p e c t r u m p r i m a

r i l y u s e d f o r

p h o t o s y n t h e s i s Was t r a n s m i t t e d

t h r o u g h

t h e

u p p e r

l e a f

c a n o p y ,

making

t a v a i l a b l e t o s u p p o r t

p h o t o s y n

t h e s i s i n

l e a v e s

b e l o W .

Another a s p e c t o f

o u r

i n v e n t i o n r e s u l t s

i n

c o n t r o l o f p l a n t

g r o W t h r a t e s

b y

s e l e c t i v e l y p o s i t i o n i n g o u r

LED

l a m p s

e m i t t i n g b l u e

l i g h t

a t v a r y i n g

d i s t a n c e s

f r o m t h e g r o W i n g

p l a n t s f o r c o n t r ol l i n g p l a n t g r o W t h

r a t e s

t h a t

v a r y

i n p r o

p o r t i o n

W i t h t h e s e d i s t a n c e s . By d j u s t i n g p l a n t g r o W t h r a t e s

We can c o n t r o l i n v e n t o r y ; i f c u r r e n t s a l e s

a r e

s l o W ,

We can

i n h i b i t g r o W t h r a t e s t o p r e s e r v e t h e p r o p e r l y s i Z e d

c o n t i n u

o u s l y i l l u m i n a t e d p l a n ts o v e r

g r e a t e r

e x t e n d e d t i m e p e r i o d s

f o r l a t e r s a l e s .

B R I E F

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

O t h e r

f e a t u r e s

a n d a d v a n t a g e s o f t h e i n v e n t i o n

W i l l

become more a p p a r e n t upon

s t u d y

o f

t h e

f o l l o W i n g

d e t a i l e d

d e s c r i p t i o n t a k e n i n c o n j u n c t i o n W i t h t h e d r a W i n g s i n W h i c h :

F I G . 1 d i s c l o s e s

f o u r

s t r i n g s o f d i o d e s c o u p l e d

t o

t h e

p o W e r

s u p p l y ;

F I G . 2

d i s c l o s e s

t h e

d i o d e s o f

F I G .

1 p o s i t i o n e d W i t h i n a

c i r c u l a r

l a m p ;

F I G . 2a d i s c l o s e s

a t a b l e f o r

u s e

i n u n d e r s t a n d i n g F I G . 2 ;

FIG. 3 d i s c l o s e s

a

graph s h oWi n g

a c u r v e

o f

t h e

Wave

l e n g t h

s p e c t r u m o f t h e l a m p o u t p u t o f

o u r i n v e n t i o n i n

i t s

p r e f e r r e d

e m b o d i m e n t ;

F I G .

4 i l l u s t r a t e s t h e mixed

beam s p r e a d

f e a t u r e

o f

t h e

i n v e n t i o n ;

F I G S . 5 a

a n d 5 b , 6 , a n d 7 a

a n d 7 b , shoW

v a r i o u s a s p e c t s

o f c o n t r o l l i n g g r o W t h r a t e s e m p l o y e d i n c o n n e c t i o n

W i t h

t h e

i n v e n t i o n .

DETAILEDDESCRIPTION OF

PREFERRED

EMBODIMENTS OF

THE INVENTION

F i v e l i g h t W a v e l e n g t h s commonly knoWn t o m a t c h t h e

a b s o r p t i o n

p e a k s o f p l a n t p i g m e n t s W e r e i d e n t i ? e d : 4 3 0 n m

( b l u e ,

n e a r u l t r a v i o l e t ) , 450

nm—470 nm

( b l u e ) , 570

nm

( l i m e g r e e n ) , 6 1 0 n m ( o r a n g e ) ,

a n d

6 6 0 n m r e d ) . Our

e x p e r i m e n t a l

e f f o r t s

i n

t u r n i n g t h e o r y

i n t o

p r a c t i c e

t o

s e l e c t

t h e b e s t c o m p o n e n t s , Was a n y t h i n g b u t s t r a i g h t f o r W a r d , a n d

h a s

t a k e n t h e b e t t e r p a r t

o f

a y e a r t o b r i n g t o i t s c u r r e n t l e v e l

o f d e v e l o p m e n t . Our

? n a l

t e s t r e s u l t s have a l l o W e d u s t o

e l i m i n a t e t h e

570

nm i m e green LED. This l e f t us With t h e

f o l l o W i n g

mix i n o u r p r e f e r r e d

e m b o d i m e n t :

1 2 > < 6 6 0 n m

( R e d ) ,

3 0 °

beam a n g l e s p r e a d ;

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6 > < 6 1 2 n m

( O r a n g e ) ,

3 0 °

beam a n g l e s p r e a d ;

6 > < 6 1 2 n m ( O r a n g e ) ,

1 5 °

beam

a n g l e s p r e a d ;

a n d

2 > < 4 6 5 n m ( B l u e ) , 3 0 °

beam

a n g l e s p r e a d ; a l l a s

shoWn

i n

F I G S . 1 , 2 , a n d 2 A .

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t h e s u p e r i o r

r e s u l t s We

Were

s e e i n g Were

n o t c a u s e

by

t h e 570

nm

reen

LEDs,

and our

r e s u l t s

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i s o l a t e t h e

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t h e

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t h e

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n m

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5

R e s e a r c h

i n t o p l a n t g r o w t h

u s i n g t h i s

? n a l

l i g h t

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e a r l i e r

r e s e a r c h .

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p l a n t s g r o W n ,

p a r t i c u l a r l y c o t t o n a n d m i n i a t u r e

r o s e s ,

became

d a r k g r e e n

i . e . g e n e r a t e d l a r g e a m o u n t s o f

c h l o r o p h y l l ) ,

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t a i n e d h e a l t h y l e a v e s i n

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o f

t h e

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3

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24

o f c h l o r o p h y l l

A

and a b s o r p t i o n c u r v e 22 o f

c h l o r o p h y l l

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m o s t

e f ? c i e n t l y

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nm and

700 nm,

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o u t p u t

p e a k s o f o u r i n v e n t i o n .

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W a v e l e n g t h s , t h e s e W a v e l e n g t h s a r e v e r y i n e f ? c i e n t f o r

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p r o c e s s , b u t

i s

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u s e d

t o promote p r o p e r p l a n t mor

p h o l o g y . T h u s , o u r ? n a l LED W a v e l e n g t h mix c o v e r s

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The 465—470 nm L E D s a l s o s u p p l y e n e r g y t o

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c h l o r o p h y l l s ,

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465

nm

l i g h t

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p h o t o m o r p h o l o g y , p r o m o t i n g a s h o r t , c o m p a c t g r o W t h

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amount o f

b l u e

l i g h t

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4 7 0

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o

8 o f

t h e p r o v i d e d amount o f o r a n g e / r e d l i g h t W i t h i n t h e

6 0 0

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t o

700 n m

r a n g e .

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30

i g h t i n

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embodi

m e n t

c o n t a i n s t h i r t y - e i g h t LEDs,

a s

f o l l o W s : 12

narroW

beam

a n g l e r e d

LEDs

l a b e l e d

r , 1 2 W i d e beam

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LEDs a b e l e d r - ,

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LEDs

a b e l e d 0 , 6

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b l u e

L ED s

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b .

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c i r c u i t o f F I G .

1 f o r d r i v i n g t h e LEDs i n c l u d e s

r e g u l a t e d 2 4 v o l t

DC

poWer

s o u r c e

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s t r i n g s o f t e n L E D s , 1 2 , 1 4 , a n d 1 6 , a n d o n e s t r i n g

o f

e i g h t

LEDs

1 8 . Each s t r i n g c o n t a i n s a mix o f

t h e LED

Wave

l e n g t h s a n d beam s p r e a d s u s e d i n

t h e

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d e n o t e d

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f o r

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beam

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beam o r a n g e ) ,

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s p r e a d 6 1 2 n m ( W i d e beam o r a n g e ) ,

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s p r e a d

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beam

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F I G .

2

s c h e m a t i c a l l y i n d i c a t e s a t y p i c a l s p a t i a l d i s t r i b u

t i o n o f t h e LE D s 1 3 o f

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F I G .

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o f l i g h t e m i s s i o n f r o m t h e

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LEDs i n a

t y p i c a l

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e m i t

l i g h t

W i t h a

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a n g l e , o r beam s p r e a d .

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beam s p r e a d t h e h i g h e r t h e l i g h t

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p r o d u c e d , a n d v i c e v e r s a . I f t h e beam s p r e a d

i s

t o o n a r r o W ,

t h e l i g h t

f r o m

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LEDs

may n o t o v e r l a p ,

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i n t h e i l l u m i n a t i o n a r e a .

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p l a n t g r o W i n g l i g h t t h i s Would

n o t b e a p p r o p r i a t e . C o n v e r s e l y ,

i f t h e

beam s p r e a d i s t o o

W i d e , t h e i l l u m i n a t i o n a r e a W i l l b e

t o o

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c o v e r i n g a r e a s

beyond t h e p l a n t ’ s

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d e a l o f l i g h t W i l l

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e l e c t e d

LEDs Which

W o u l d ,

i n

o u r

p r e f e r r e d

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f o r

g e n e r a l u s e ,

p r o v i d e a

c i r c l e

o f

i l l u m i n a t i o n

a p p r o x i m a t e l y

10—12 i n c h e s Wide a t a d i s t a n c e

o f

t e n i n c h e s

from t h e l i g h t

s o u r c e .

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embodiment

i s

10

1 5

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

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6

s m a l l e r t h a n 3 “ i n d i a m e t e r , 100 i l l u m i n a t i o n c o v e r a g e

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many

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t h e h o m e i s

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t o

s W i t c h

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H i g h

P r e s s u r e Sodium lamps a f t e r t h e p l a n t s a r e 1 2 “

t o

1 8 “

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p r e f e r r e d

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a d e q u a t e

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l e a f

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HPS

l i g h t i n g

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t h e

b u l b

e x c e e d s t e m p e r a t u r e s o f 1 5 0 0 ° i s

a l s o more

d a n g e r o u s

f o r t h e i m m a t u r e s t e m s

a n d

l e a v e s

o f

s e e d l i n g s .

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c o n v e n t i o n a l

l i g h t b u l b s , LE D s a r e

m a n u f a c t u r e d

t o

p r o d u c e a d i r e c t e d beam o f l i g h t , W i t h a v i e W i n g

a n g l e ,

o r

b eam s p r e a d , r a n g i n g

f rom

a s l i t t l e a s

5 °

t o

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h a v e t a k e n

a d v a n t a g e

o f t h i s

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c

o f LEDs t o

p r o d u c e a p l a n t

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W h i c h

c o m b i n e s

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poWer

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a b i l i t y t o p e n e t r a t e

t h e

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c a n o p y a n d

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l o W e r

l e a f

l e v e l s .

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Wide beam LED 6

d i r e c t s i t s

l i g h t

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28

o n t o

t h e

upper s u r f a c e o f a l e a f

3 8 .

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made t a p o i n t beloW t h e l e a f 30 shoW o n l y 10

o f

t h e l i g h t

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t o

b e

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t h e

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b e l o W .

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beam

LED

32

d i r e c t s i t s l i g h t

beam 34

o n t o

t h e

upper s u r f a c e o f l e a f 3 8 . I n t h i s c a s e ,

measurements

mad e

a t

a

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t h e l e a f a t 36

shoW

80 o f t h e

l i g h t

p a s s e s

t h r o u g h t h e l e a f t o b e a v a i l a b l e t o t h e

l e a v e s

b e l o W . W h e n

u s e d i n a 1 : 1 mix o f Wide t o

narrow

beam LEDs, a p p r o x i

m a t e l y 50

o f

t h e s u p p l i e d l i g h t

i s

a v a i l a b l e t o t h e

l o W e r

l e v e l s

o f

t h e

p l a n t c a n o p y .

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s p e c i ? c a l l y , We u s e d tWo

beam

s p r e a d s ,

1 5 °

a n d 3 0 ° ,

i n

e q u a l p r o p o r t i o n s , f o r

b o t h

t h e

660 nm LEDs and 612 nm

LEDs.

When d i r e c t e d pe r pe n

d i c u l a r t o t h e u p p e r s u r f a c e

o f

m a t u r e c o t t o n p l a n t l e a v e s , We

f o u n d

t h a t a

quantum

l i g h t

s e n s o r p l a c e d

beloW

t h e l e a f

r e g i s t e r e d 10 l i g h t t r a n s m i s s i o n

f o r

t h e 3 0 ° L E D s , a n d

80 l i g h t t r a n s m i s s i o n f o r t h e 1 5 ° LEDs. U s i n g o u r f u l l y

f u n c t i o n a l p r o t o y p e d e s c r i b e d

a b o v e , We f o u n d

t h a t

f u l l y

50 o f t h e

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s p e c t r u m , p r i m a r i l y u s e d f o r

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t r a n s m i t t e d t h r o u g h t h e u p p e r l e a f

c a n o p y , m a k i n g

i t a v a i l a b l e t o s u p p o r t p h o t o s yn t h e s i s i n

l e a v e s b e l o W .

T h e s e beam a n g l e s may v a r y someWhat d e p e n d i n g

on

t h e

d i s t a n c e

o f

t h e p l a n t s

f r o m t h e

l a m p s .

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l a m p

may b e mounted upon t h e c e i l i n g

o f

a h o m e and d i r e c t e d a t

a p l a n t o n a

t a b l e . I n t h i s c a s e t h e a n g l e s W i l l be

reduced

f r o m

3 0 /

1 5 d e g r e e s b u t

t h e

p r e f e r r e d r a t i o

o f beam

a n g l e s

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tWo

t o o n e

W i l l

r e m a i n .

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lamp

i s

d i r e c t l y

mounted

u p o n a n a q u a r i u m t a n k h a v i n g p l a n t s t h e r e i n

f o r

e x a m p l e ,

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s p r e a d

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a

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a t

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t e s t s Were

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FIGS. 1 and 2

p r o d u c e d

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10—12 i n c h e s

i n d i a m e t e r .

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t h e l a m p , o n l y a p a r t o f t h e

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t h e

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r e s t o f

t h e

p l a n t i s

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t o

groW t a l l e r and b e n d toWards t h e l i g h t . A s

s e e n

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h a p p e n W i t h p l a n t s

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u n d e r o u r l a m p . I n s t e a d , t h e p o r t i o n s o f t h e

p l a n t

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l i g h t s i m p l y s t o p p e d g r o W i n g

b u t

r e m a i n e d

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p o r t i o n

o f a

p l a n t

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a t

470 nm, u n d e s i r e d

s t e m

e l o n g a t i o n i s i n h i b i t e d

f o r t h e

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U S 6 , 9 2 1 , 1 8 2 B2

7

p r o v i d e s t h i s

e f f e c t ,

Which

c a n b e

u s e f u l i n

c o m m e r c i a l p l a n t

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W h e r e

p l a n t s

p l a c e d a l o n g t h e

p e r i p h

e r y

o f

t h e

i l l u m i n e d

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may b e o n l y p a r t i a l l y b e n e a t h

t h e

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i l l u m i n a t e d by

o n e o f o u r l i g h t s i t W i l l r e m a i n h e a l t h y

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shoWing t h e

m o r p h o l o g y

t y p i c a l o f

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t o t r o p i s m a n d u n W a n t e d s t e m e l o n g a t i o n ) .

F I G . 5A h o W s t W o p o t t e d p l a n t s g r o W i n g

u n d e r

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p l a n t

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t h e

i l l u m i n a t i o n a r e a 5 4

o f

t h e

l i g h t

5 2 , i s

t h e

same s i Z e a s a n o t h e r

p l a n t

4 2

Which

i s o n l y p a r t i a l l y

W i t h i n t h e

i l l u m i n a t i o n

a r e a 54 o f t h e l i g h t 5 2 . I n

F I G .

S E ,

a t t i m e B , t h e

? r s t p l a n t

4 0 h a s

groWn u n i f o r m l y ,

W h i l e o n l y

t h e

p o r t i o n

o f t h e s e c o n d p l a n t 4 2 W i t h i n t h e c o n e o f

l i g h t

5 4

f r o m l i g h t

5 2 h a s g r o W n .

The

p o r t i o n

o f t h e

s e c o n d

p l a n t 4 2

o u t s i d e

t h e

l i g h t

5 4,

W h i l e

u n c h a n g e d , i s

s t i l l

h e a l t h y .

T h i s

e f f e c t can be

s h o W n

over

a

p e r i o d o f

s e v e r a l

Weeks.

I n v e n t o r y C o n t r o l

b y A d j u s t i n g

P l a n t

G r o W t h R a t e

I t

i s knoWn

t h a t t h e amount o f 470

nm

l u e

l i g h t

r e a c h i n g

a p l a n t

a f f e c t s

i t s morphology, i . e . a loW amount o f 470 nm

l i g h t

p r o d u c e s l o n g e r

s t e m i n t e r n o d e s , W h i l e

a l a r g e r

a m o u n t

o f

470

nm

i g h t

p r o d u c e s s h o r t e r s t e m i n t e r n o d e s . I t i s a l s o

knoWn t h a t

b e c a u s e

LED l i g h t i n g

i s

much c o o l e r

t h a n

c o n v e n t i o n a l p l a n t l i g h t i n g s o u r c e s , a n LED-based p l a n t

l i g h t

can be

p l a c e d m u c h c l o s e r t o a

p l a n t t h a n

a c o n ve n

t i o n a l p l a n t l i g h t , W i t h a

r e s u l t i n g

i n c r e a s e i n

l i g h t

i n t e n s i t y

f a l l i n g o n

t h e p l a n t ’ s l e a v e s . We o u n d

t h a t

p l a n t s

t e n d t o

groW t o W i t h i n a n

i n c h

o r s o o f t h e l i g h t ,

sloWing

a s t h e y

a p p r o a c h t h e

l a m p i . e .

t h e

s t e m i n t e r n od e l e n g t h c o n t i n u e s

t o

d e c r e a s e a s t h e

l i g h t

i n t e n s i t y

i n c r e a s e s When

t h e

p l a n t s

g r o W

c l o s e r t o t h e

l i g h t

s o u r c e ) , u n t i l

t h e y

n e a r l y s t o p

groWing

W h e n W i t h i n a n i n c h o r s o

o f

t h e l i g h t s . T h i s

i s

an

i m p o r t a n t

f e a t u r e

o f o u r

i n v e n t i o n f o r c o m m e r c i a l p l a n t

g r o W i n g o p e r a t i o n s ,

W h e r e

p l a n t s W h i c h o v e r g r o W t h e i r

p o t s

c a n ’ t b e s o l d a n d a r e t y p i c a l l y

d i s c a r d e d .

T h u s ,

t h i s f e a t u r e

o f o u r i n v e n t i o n Would a l l o W

a

commercial

greenhouse

t o

m a i n t a i n

t h e i r

p l a n t s

a t

t h e i r

optimum

s i Z e f o r

a n

e X t e n d e d

p e r i o d s i m p l y b y

l o W e r i n g

t h e l i g h t s t o

a

p o i n t n e a r

t h e

t o p s

o f t h e p l a n t s .

F I G .

6

s h o W s a p o t t e d

p l a n t 5 0

g r o W i n g

W i t h i n

t h e l i g h t

c o n e

5 4 p r o d u c e d by

o u r

lamp 5 2 . The l o W e r i n t e r n o d e 5 6

i s much

l o n g e r t h a n

t h e

i n t e r n o d e

a t t h e

t o p o f

t h e

p l a n t 5 8 ,

Which i s

a p p r o x i m a t e l y

tWo i n c h e s f r o m o u r lamp 5 2 . The

amount o f 470

n m

i g h t t h e p l a n t

i s

r e c e i v i n g a t i t s t i p 5 8

i s

a t l e a s t

s e v e n t y t i m e s

more

i n t e n s e t h a n What i t r e c e i v e s

a t

i t s

b a s e 6 0 . The

i n t e r n o d e s

t h e n b e c om e s o s m a l l t h e p l a n t ’ s

h e i g h t c h a n g e s o n l y v e r y s l o W l y o v e r t i m e .

A s

s h oW n

i n F I G . 7 - A , a t

t i m e

A, t h e l i g h t

s o u r c e

52 o v e r

t h e ? r s t

p l a n t

6 2 i s

l o W e r e d c l o s e t o

t h e

p l a n t , W h i l e t h e l i g h t

s o u r c e 52 o v e r t h e second p l a n t 60

i s

n o t . A s s h o W n i n

F I G .

7 - B ,

a t

t i m e B ,

Which may b e s e v e r a l Weeks l a t e r , t h e ? r s t

p l a n t

6 2

s h o W s

l i t t l e

c h a n g e

i n

s i Z e ,

W h i l e

t h e

s e c o n d

p l a n t

6 0

h a s

groWn c o n s i d e r a b l y

d u r i n g

t h e

same t i m e

p e r i o d .

The

d i f f e r e n c e i s

t h e

g r e a t l y

i n c r e a s e d amount o f

470 nm

l u e

l i g h t

r e a c h i n g

t h e ? r s t p l a n t 6 2 , W h i c h

s h o r t e n s

t h e

i n t e r n o d e

s t e m

l e n g t h ,

t h u s k e e p i n g i t s h o r t . T h i s

f e a t u r e W i l l

a l l o W

c o m m e r c i a l p l a n t g r o W e r s t o “ h o l d ”

t h e

s i Z e o f p l a n t s , i f

n e c e s s a r y ,

u n t i l t h e y

c a n b e

s h i p p e d .

O t h e r W i s e , t h e y

W o u l d

o v e r g r o W t h e i r p o t s

a n d

b e

s p o i l e d .

T h e

r e s u l t i n g

i n v e n t o r y

c o n t r o l i s

o f c o u r s e

o f

g r e a t

i m p o r t a n c e i n r u n n i n g a p l a n t

g r o W i n g b u s i n e s s .

T h u s , d u r i n g

a n e X t e n d e d

t i m e

p e r i o d

o f

t y p i c a l l y

s e v e r a l

W e e k s , We

s e l e c t i v e l y

p o s i t i o n o u r

LED l a m p s h a v i n g

a

s u b s t a n t i a l

amount

o f

b l u e l i g h t a t v a r y i n g d i s t a n c e s f r o m

g r o W i n g p l a n t s

f o r c o n t r o l l i n g p l a n t g r o W t h r a t e s t h a t v a r y

1 5

25

35

40

45

55

6 5

8

W i t h

s a i d d i s t a n c e s . T h i s t a k e s

a d v a n t a g e

o f t h e

p r o p e r t y

o f

LEDs

o

remain c o o l s o t h a t t h e y c a n b e p o s i t i o n e d c l o s e t o

t h e t o p s

o f

t h e p l a n t s

a s

d e s c r i b e d a b o v e .

S i n c e

v a r i a t i o n s

o f t h e f o r e g o i n g

may b e

a p p a r e n t

t o t h e

Worker

i n

t h e a r t , t h e s c o p e

o f

t h e

i n v e n t i o n

i s t o b e

l i m i t e d

s o l e l y t o t h e

t e r m s

o f t h e f o l l o W i n g

c l a i m s

a n d

e q u i v a l e n t s

t h e r e o f .

We

l a i m :

1 .

A a m p f o r f a c i l i t a t i n g p l a n t

g r o W t h

c o m p r i s i n g :

a ) a ? r s t s e t

o f

o r a n g e

l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s

( L E D s )

h a v i n g a p e a k W a v e l e n g t h e m i s s i o n

o f

a b o u t 6 1 2

n a n o m e t e r s ( n m ) ; a n d

b ) a s e c o n d s e t o f r e d l i g h t e m i t t i n g d i o d e s ( L E D s )

h a v i n g

a

peak W a v e l e n g t h e m i s s i o n o f

a b o u t

6 6 0

nm.

2 .

The

lamp

o f c l a i m

1 W h e r e i n

a b o u t

h a l f

o f

t h LE D s

o f

t h e

? r s t a n d

s e c o n d

s e t

o f LEDs h a v e a beam s p r e a d a n g l e

o f a b o u t t h i r t y d e g r e e s a n d

t h e r e m a i n i n g

h a l f o f

t h e

LEDs

o f

s a i d

? r s t

and second s e t

o f L ED s

have a beam

s p r e a d

a n g l e

o f a b o u t ? f t e e n

d e g r e e s .

3 .

The lamp

o f c l a i m

1 W h e r e i n

a b o u t

h a l f

o f

t h e LEDs

o f

s a i d

l a m p h a v e a g i v e n

beam

a n g l e

s p r e a d

a n d

t h e r e m a i n i n g

h a l f o f t h e LEDs h a v e

a

s e c o n d beam a n g l e s p r e a d o f a b o u t

d o u b l e

t h e ? r s t

beam

a n g l e

s p r e a d .

4 . The lamp o f

c l a i m

1 W h e r e i n s a i d LEDs a r e

a r r a n g e d

i n s e r i a l s t r i n g s

o f LEDs o f

miXed l i g h t e m i t t i n g Wave

l e n g t h s .

5 . The l a m p o f c l a i m 1

W h e r e i n

t h e t o t a l

l i g h t

o u t p u t

o f

t h

? r s t s e t o f LEDs i s a b o u t

h a l f

t h e

t o t a l

l i g h t o u t p u t o f t h e

second

s e t

o f

LEDs.

6 . The

lamp

o f

c l a i m

5

W h e r e i n a b o u t

h a l f o f t h LE D s o f

t h ? r s t a n d s e c o n d s e t

o f LEDs

h a v e a

beam

s p r e a d a n g l e o f

a b o u t t h i r t y

d e g r e e s

a n d t h e r e m a i n i n g

h a l f

o f

t h e LEDs

o f

s a i d ? r s t a n d s e c o n d

s e t

o f L ED s h a v e a

beam

s p r e a d a n g l e

o f a b o u t

? f t e e n d e g r e e s .

7 .

The lamp o f c l a i m 5 W h e r e i n a b o u t h a l f o f t h LE D s o f

s a i d

l a m p h a v e a g i v e n

beam

a n g l e

s p r e a d

a n d

t h e r e m a i n i n g

h a l f o f t h e

LEDs

h a v e

a

s e c o n d beam

a n g l e

s p r e a d o f a b o u t

d o u b l e

t h e ? r s t

beam

a n g l e

s p r e a d .

8 . The lamp o f

c l a i m 5 W h e r e i n s a i d

LEDs

a r e a r r a n g e d

i n

s e r i a l s t r i n g s o f

LEDs

o f miXed

l i g h t

e m i t t i n g Wave

l e n g t h s .

9 . The

lamp

o f c l a i m 1 i n c l u d i n g a t h i r d

s e t

o f

LE D s

e m i t t i n g

b l u e l i g h t .

1 0 . The lamp

o f c l a i m

9 W h e r e i n

a b o u t

h a l f

o f t h e LE D s

o f

t h e

? r s t a n d s e c o n d

s e t o f LE D s

h a v e a beam s p r e a d a n g l e

o f a b o u t

t h i r t y

d e g r e e s a n d t h e r e m a i n i n g

h a l f

o f t h e

LEDs

o f

s a i d ? r s t

a n d

s e c o n d

s e t o f LE D s

h a v e

abeam s p r e a d a n g l e

o f a b o u t

? f t e e n d e g r e e s .

1 1 .

The lamp

o f c l a i m

9 W h e r e i n

a b o u t h a l f o f

t h e LE D s

o f s a i d

l a m p

h a v e a g i v e n beam a n g l e s p r e a d a n d

t h e

r e m a i n i n g h a l f

o f

t h e LEDs

h a v e

a

s e c o n d beam

a n g l e

s p r e a d o f a b o u t d o u b l e t h e ? r s t beam

a n g l e

s p r e a d .

1 2 . The lamp o f

c l a i m

9 W h e r e i n s a i d LE D s a r e a r r a n g e d

i n s e r i a l

s t r i n g s

o f

LEDs

o f miXed l i g h t e m i t t i n g Wave

l e n g t h s .

1 3 . The

l a m p o f

c l a i m

9

W h e r e i n t h e

t o t a l

l i g h t o u t p u t

o f

t h e t h i r d

s e t

o f LEDs s a b o u t e i g h t

p e r c e n t

o f t h e t o t a l

l i g h t

o u t p u t o f

t h e L ED s

o f

t h e ? r s t

a n d s e c o n d

s e t

o f LEDs.

1 4 .

The lamp

o f c l a i m 1 3

W h e r e i n

a b o u t

h a l f

o f t h e LE D s

o f

t h e

? r s t a n d s e c o n d

s e t o f LE D s

h a v e a beam s p r e a d

a n g l e

o f a b o u t t h i r t y d e g r e e s a n d

t h e r e m a i n i n g

h a l f o f

t h e

LEDs

o f

s a i d

? r s t

and second s e t

o f L ED s

have a beam

s p r e a d

a n g l e

o f a b o u t ? f t e e n

d e g r e e s .

1 5 .

The lamp o f c l a i m 5

i n c l u d i n g

a t h i r d s e t o f L ED s

e m i t t i n g

b l u e l i g h t .

1 6 . The

lamp

o f c l a i m

1 5 W h e r e i n

a b o u t

h a l f

o f

t h e LE D s

o f

t h e ? r s t a n d s e c o n d s e t

o f

LEDs h a v e beam

s p r e a d

a n g l e

7/21/2019 Efficient LED lamp for enhancing commercial and home plant growth

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/efficient-led-lamp-for-enhancing-commercial-and-home-plant-growth 13/13

U S 6 , 9 2 1 , 1 8 2 B2

o f a b o u t

t h i r t y

d e g r e e s a n d

t h e

r e m a i n i n g

h a l f

o f LEDs o f

s a i d

? r s t a n d s e c o n d

s e t

o f

LE D s

h a v e a beam s p r e a d

a n g l e

o f a b o u t

? f t e e n

d e g r e e s .

1 7 .

The

lamp

o f c l a i m 1 5

W h e r e i n

a b o u t h a l f o f t h e LE D s

o f s a i d

l a m p

h a v e a g i v e n

beam

a n g l e s p r e a d a n d

t h e

r e m a i n i n g h a l f

o f

LEDs h a v e a s e c o n d beam a n g l e s p r e a d o f

a b o u t

d o u b l e

t h e ? r s t beam a n g l e

s p r e a d .

1 8 .

T h e l a m p o f

c l a i m 1 5 W h e r e i n t h e

t o t a l l i g h t o u t p u t o f

t h e t h i r d

s e t

o f LEDs s

a b o u t

e i g h t

p e r c e n t

o f t h e

t o t a l l i g h t

o u t p u t

o f t h e L ED s

o f

t h e ? r s t a n d s e c o n d s e t o f

LEDs.

1 9 . The lamp

o f c l a i m 1 8

W h e r e i n

a b o u t

h a l f

o f

t h e LE D s

o f

t h e

? r s t a n d s e c o n d

s e t o f LEDs

h a v e a beam s p r e a d

a n g l e

o f a b o u t

t h i r t y

d e g r e e s a n d t h e r e m a i n i n g

h a l f

o f t h e LEDs

o f

s a i d

? r s t

and second s e t

o f

L ED s have a beam

s p r e a d

a n g l e o f a b o u t

? f t e e n

d e g r e e s .

2 0 . A a m p

f o r

f a c i l i t a t i n g p l a n t g r o W t h c o m p r i s i n g :

a ) a

l a m p

h o u s i n g ;

b )

a

? r s t s e t

o f

o r a n g e l i g h t e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s

mounted

i n

t h e h o u s i n g a n d h a v i n g

a p e a k

W a v e l e n g t h

o f

a b o u t

6 1 2

n a n o m e t e r s ;

c ) a s e c o n d s e t o f r e d l i g h t e m i t t i n g d i o d e s mounted i n

t h e

h o u s i n g a n d h a v i n g

a

p e a k W a v e l e n g t h

o f

a b o u t

6 6 0

n a n o m e t e r s ; a n d

d )

a t h i r d

s e t

o f

b l u e l i g h t e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s

mounted i n

t h e

h o u s i n g

a n d

h a v i n g a

p e a k W a v e l e n g t h o f a b o u t 4 6 5

n a n o m e t e r s ,

W h e r e i n t h e

? r s t ,

s e c o n d a n d t h i r d s e t s o f

l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s i n

c o m b i n a t i o n

o u t p u t l i g h t

t h a t

s t i m u l a t e s p l a n t

g r o W t h .

2 1 .

T h e l a m p o f

c l a i m 2 0 , W h e r e i n f o r e v e r y o r a n g e l i g h t

e m i t t i n g d i o d e

t h e r e

r e t W o r e d l i g h t e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s .

2 2 .

T h e l a m p o f c l a i m 2 0 , W h e r e i n f o r e v e r y b l u e l i g h t

e m i t t i n g d i o d e t h e r e a r e t W e l v e

r e d l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s .

2 3 . T h e l a m p o f

c l a i m

2 0 ,

W h e r e i n

f o r

e v e r y

b l u e l i g h t

e m i t t i n g d i o d e

t h e r e

a r e s i X o r a n g e l i g h t e m i t t i n g d i o d e s .

2 4 . The lamp

o f

c l a i m

2 0 ,

W h e r e i n

t h e

? r s t s e t

o f o r a n g e

l i g h t e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s

i n c l u d e s a ? r s t s e t

o f

30 d e g r e e

beam

a n g l e l i g h t e m i t t i n g d i o d e s

a n d

a

s e c o n d

s e t o f 1 5 d e g r e e

b e a m

a n g l e

l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s .

2 5 .

The lamp

o f

c l a i m 2 0 , W h e r e i n t h e s e c o n d s e t o f r e d

l i g h t e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s

i n c l u d e s a ? r s t s e t

o f

30 d e g r e e beam

a n g l e l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s

a n d a s e c o n d

s e t o f 1 5

d e g r e e

b e a m a n g l e

l i g h t

e m i t t i n g d i o d e s .

2 6 . The lamp

o f

c l a i m 2 0 , W h e r e i n t h e

t h i r d s e t o f b l u e

l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s h a v e a

3 0

d e g r e e beam a n g l e .

2 7 . The lamp

o f

c l a i m 2 0 , W h e r e i n t h e ? r s t s e t

o f o r a n g e

l i g h t e m i t t i n g d i o d e s c o m p r i s e 2 4

o r a n g e l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s , t h e s e c o n d s e t o f r e d l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s c o m p r i s e

1 2 r e d

l i g h t

e m i t t i n g d i o d e s a n d

t h e

t h i r d s e t

o f b l u e l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s c o m p ri s e s 2 b l u e l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s .

2 8 .

The lamp

o f

c l a i m 2 0 , W h e r e i n t h e ? r s t s e t

o f

o r a n g e

l i g h t e m i t t i n g d i o d e s p r o m o t e

t h e

c r e a t i o n o f c a r o t e n o i d s i n

p l a n t s .

2 9 .

A

a m p

f o r

f a c i l i t a t i n g

p l a n t

g r o W t h ,

t h e

l a m p

a d a p t e d

t o b e c o n n e c t e d t o a poWer

s o u r c e ,

t h e lamp

c o m p r i s i n g :

a p l u r a l i t y o f s t r i n g s o f

l i g h t e m i t t i n g d i o d e s ,

e a c h s t r i n g

o f l i g h t e m i t t i n g d i o d e s h a v i n g

a l t e r n a t i n g

l i g h t e m i t

t i n g

d i o d e s c h o s e n

f r o m t h e

g r o u p

c o n s i s t i n g o f :

a ) o r a n g e

l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s h a v i n g a p e a k

W a v e l e n g t h

around 612 nanometers and a beam a n g l e

o f 30

d e g r e e s ;

10

1 5

25

35

40

45

55

1 0

b ) o r a n g e l i g h t e m i t t i n g d i o d e s h a v i n g a p e a k

W a v e l e n g t h

around 612 nanometers and a beam

a n g l e

o f 1 5

d e g r e e s ;

c )

r e d

l i g h t e m i t t i n g d i o d e s

h a v i n g a

p e a k W a v e l e n g t h

around 660 nanometers and a beam a n g l e

o f

30

d e g r e e s ;

d )

r e d

l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s h a v i n g

a

p e a k

W a v e l e n g t h

around 660 nanometers and a beam

a n g l e o f

1 5

d e g r e e s ; a n d

e )

b l u e

l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s h a v i n g a

p e a k

W a v e l e n g t h

around 465 nanometers and a beam

a n g l e o f

30

d e g r e e s .

3 0 . T h e l a m p o f

c l a i m

2 9 ,

W h e r e i n

f o r

e v e r y

o r a n g e l i g h t

e m i t t i n g d i o d e

t h e r e

r e

t W o

r e d l i g h t e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s .

3 1 .

The

l a m p

o f c l a i m

2 9 ,

W h e r e i n f o r e v e r y b l u e l i g h t

e m i t t i n g d i o d e t h e r e a r e t W e l v e

r e d

l i g h t e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s .

3 2 . The l a m p o f c l a i m 2 9 ,

W h e r e i n

f o r e v e r y b l u e l i g h t

e m i t t i n g d i o d e

t h e r e

a r e s i X

o r a n g e

l i g h t e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s .

3 3 . The

lamp o f c l a i m

2 9 ,

W h e r e i n

t h e

poWer s o u r c e i s 24

v o l t s d i r e ct c u r r e nt .

3 4 .

A

ethod

o f

m a n u f a c t u r i n g

a

l a m p

c o m p r i s i n g

t h e

s t e p s

o f b u t ,

n o t

n e c e s s a r i l y i n

t h e o r d e r s h o W n :

a ) p r o v i d i n g

a p l u r a l i t y

o f

o r a n g e

l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s

h a v i n g a p e a k W a v e l e n g t h

o f

a b o u t 6 1 2 n a n o m e t e r s ;

b ) p r o v i d i n g a p l u r a l i t y o f

r e d

l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s

h a v i n g a p e a k

W a v e l e n g t h o f a b o u t

6 6 0

n a n o m e t e r s ;

c )

p r o v i d i n g a p l u r a l i t y

o f b l u e

l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s

h a v i n g a

p e a k

W a v e l e n g t h o f a b o u t

4 6 5

n a n o m e t e r s ;

a n d

d ) m o u n t i n g

t h e o r a n g e , r e d

a n d

b l u e l i g h t e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s

i n t o t h e lamp

i n

a

p r e - d e t e r m i n e d

c o m b i n a t i o n .

3 5 .

T h e m e t h o d

o f c l a i m 3 4 , W h e r e i n t h e

l i g h t e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s a r e

mounted i n t o

a lamp h o u s i n g .

3 6 .

T h e m e t h o d

o f c l a i m

3 4 ,

f u r t h e r c o m p r i s i n g p l a c i n g

t h e

l a m p

a d j a c e n t

a p l a n t .

3 7 . The

m e t h o d

o f c l a i m

3 4 ,

W h e r e i n t h e p r e d e t e r m i n e d

c o m b i n a t i o n o f

l i g h t e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s

i n c l u d e s a r a t i o

o f

1 2

r e d t o 6 o r a n g e t o

1 b l u e

l i g h t e m i t t i n g d i o d e s .

3 8 .

T h e m e t h o d

o f c l a i m 3 4 , W h e r e i n t h e

l i g h t e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s h a v e beam

a n g l e s o f e i t h e r 1 5 o r 30 d e g r e e s .

3 9 .

T h e

m e t h o d o f c l a i m 3 4 , W h e r e i n t h e

l i g h t

e m i t t i n g

d i o d e s

a r e

m o u n t e d i n

a

predetermined

o r i e n t a t i o n .

4 0 .

A a m p f o r f a c i l i t a t i n g p l a n t g r o W t h c o m p r i s i n g :

a ) o r a n g e l i g h t g e n e r a t i n g m e a n s f o r g e n e r a t i n g o r a n g e

l i g h t h a v i n g

a W a v e l e n g t h o f a b o u t

6 1 2

n a n o m e t e r s ;

b )

r e d

l i g h t

g e n e r a t i n g

m e a n s

f o r

g e n e r a t i n g r e d

l i g h t

h a v i n g

a W a v e l e n g t h o f a b o u t 6 6 0 n a n o m e t e r s ;

c ) b l u e

l i g h t

g e n e r a t i n g m e a n s

f o r

g e n e r at i n g b l u e

l i g h t

h a v i n g a W a v e l e n g t h o f a b o u t 4 6 5 n a n o m e t e r s ; a n d

d ) t h e o r a n g e , r e d a n d b l u e l i g h t g e n e r a t i n g means

b e i n g

a d a p t e d

i n

c o m b i n a t i o n t o o u t p u t l i g h t f r e q u e n c i e s t h a t

s t i m u l a t e p l a n t g r o W t h .

4 1 . T h e l a m p o f

c l a i m

4 0 , W h e r e i n t h e l a m p

i s

s e l e c t i v e l y

p o s i t i o n e d f r o m a p l a n t i n o r d e r t o c o n t r o l t h e g r o W t h r a t e

o f

t h e p l a n t .