Efficiency of Data Center cooling
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Transcript of Efficiency of Data Center cooling
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Efficiency of Data Center coolingComparison of data room layouts and cooling systems
Bohumil CimbalProduct manager for Cooling Systems
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
• What DC arrangement is preferred?• What is the requested cooling capacity?• What temperatures in DC?• How to increase Cooling efficiency?
Basic questionsbetween investor and cooling designer
Objective
Data center cooling
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data center cooling
• Datacenter as a heat source• Cooling effectiveness• Methods to increase effectivity • DC room layouts and cooling systems• Case study comparison
Content
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data Center Cooling
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data center cooling
100%
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data center components power consumption
Data center cooling
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data center cooling
1. Measure and calculate efficiencyawareness is a good start
2. Application of power saving components fans, compressors, pumps, EC motors, etc.
3. Use of sophisticated logiccontrol software, communication of all parts in system, free-cooling, pressure control, etc.
4. Set the correct temperaturesair, water, refrigerant
Increasing effectivity
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
TOTAL FACILITY POWER• Power delivery components (UPS,
generators, PDUs, batteries, and distribution losses external to the IT equipment)
• Cooling system components (chillers, air conditioners, pumps, and cooling towers)
• Compute, network, and storage nodes• Other miscellaneous component loads
(lighting, cleaning...)
IT EQUIPMENT POWER• Load associated with all of the IT
equipment• Computer, storage, and network
equipment• Supplemental equipment
(monitors, and workstations /laptops) used to monitor or otherwise control the datacenter
Power usage effectiveness
Power usage
effectiveness
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Power usage effectiveness
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Temperature in DC
Different points of view
IT equipment Comfort x Cooling Energy Efficiency
What is the right temperature in DC?
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
From IT point of view
Temperature in DC
Ti = 18 – 27°Cj = 30 - 60%
ASHRAE Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
the colder the better...
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
From Energy point of view
• Higher capacity of heat exchanger• Thermal losses to the surround of DC• Friendly compressor circuit
conditions• Higher efficiency of cold source• Long free-cooling utilization
Benefits of higher temperature:Air
temperature increase
AC annual energy savings
1 K 4 %2 K 8 %3 K 12 %4 K 16 %5 K 20 %
Source: Schweizer Bundesanstalt für Energiewirtschaft
Temperature in DC
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Temperature in DC
Temperature impact on Cooling capacity (kW)
Return airTemperature /Humidity
Water temperature
6/12 °C 10/16 °C 12/18 °C 15/21 °C
45 °C / 15 % 81,8 72,4 67,7 60,7
40 °C / 20 % 70,1 60,7 55,9 48,9
35 °C / 25 % 58,3 48,9 44,2 37,1
30 °C / 30 % 46,5 37,1 32,4 25,3
25 °C / 40 % 37,1 27,7 23,0 15,9
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Ti = 25°C Ti = 18°C
22% annual energy consumption difference
Temperature in DC
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
the hotter the better...
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Temperature in DC
Right conditions for computers + Maximal energy efficiency
Hot and Cold Air Separation
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Hot and Cold Air Separation
BLANKING PLATES
SIDE VIEW
Blanking panels and Separation frames
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Racks in the Open Aisle
Hot and Cold Air Separation
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Hot and Cold Air Separation
Not enough air
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Hot and Cold Air Separation
Too much air
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Hot and Cold Air Separation
Optimal air flow
Impossible to keep steadyServers change the air-flow continually
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Hot and Cold Air Separation
The only possibility !
with air flow control
Mechanical Air Separation
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Plenum Feed With Room Return
Modular Closed Loop w. In-row Units
Cold aisle Containment w. Top cooling
Room Feed withPlenum Return
Cold aisle Containmentw. Plenum Feed or In-row
Closed aisle Containment w. In-row Units
Data Center Room Arrangements
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
ComparisonCRAC x In-Row x Topcooling
Data room Cooling systems
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Cold and Hot Aisles
Data room Cooling systems
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
CRAC = Computer Room Air Conditioner
Data room Cooling systems
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data room Cooling systems
CRAC solution• Cold air delivered
under floor• Long way to servers
Function and Air path
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data room Cooling systems
In-RowAir-conditioning units integrated into rows of racks
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data room Cooling systems
In-ROW solutionDeliver cold air where required – front of servers
Function and Air path
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data room Cooling systems
Top coolingAir-conditioning units on top of racks
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data room Cooling systems
Topcooling solutionDeliver cold air where required – front of servers
Function and Air path
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data room Cooling systems
In-ROW solution
Easy to plan different power and temperature zones
CRAC solution
Only one temperature in all zones in one room
Temperature zones
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data room Cooling systems
In-ROW solution
Possibility of DC enlarging in stepsMinimizing initial investment
CRAC solution
Big initial investmentLow initial efficiency
Easy future enlargement
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Basic features comparison
CRAC In-row Top
coolingShort air path to servers Easy to plan diff. power and temperature zones DC enlarging in steps - minimizing initial invest. Open or Closed Architecture Cold or Hot Containments Technical service out of DC room Water in DC room Total power consumption of indoor units
Basic features comparison
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Financial effect:
1. Floor area savings2. Energy savings
- 16 racks 600mm, depth 1000mm, height 42U- contained cold aisle- 35°C in hot zone, 25°C in cold zone- Chilled water system (10/15°C)- heat load 6kW/rack (total demanded cooling capacity 96 kW)- requested redundancy n+1
Example:
Case study
Case study
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
• 3 CRAC units• cooling capacity 53 kW • air flow 9.000 m3/h• dimensions 950 x 900 mm• consumption 1,8 kW
• Occupied floor area = 2,6 m2
• Total consumption 3,6 kW (2 running units)
CRAC (CW)
• 6 in-row units • cooling capacity 21 kW• air flow 3800 m3/h• dimensions 300 x 100 mm• consumption 0,77 kW max
(0,3 kW at capacity 96/6=16 kW per unit)
• Occupied floor area = 1,8 m2
• Total consumption 1,8 kW (6 low-speed running units)
In-Row (CW)
• 4 Topcooling units• cooling capacity 38 kW• air flow 7.700 m3/h)• dimensions 2400 x 600 mm• consumption 0,7 kW max
(0,2 kW at capacity96/4=24 kW per unit)
• Occupied floor area = 0 m2
• Total consumption 0,8 kW (4 running units)
CoolTop (CW)
Case study
Case study
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
• 3 CRAC units • cooling capacity 53 kW • air flow 9.000 m3/h• dimensions 950 x 900 mm• consumption 1,8 kW
• Occupied floor area = 2,6 m2
• Total consumption 3,6 kW (2 running units)
CRAC (CW)
• 6 in-row units• cooling capacity 21 kW• air flow 3800 m3/h• dimensions 300 x 100 mm• consumption 0,77 kW max
(0,3 kW at capacity 96/6=16 kW per unit)
• Occupied floor area = 1,8 m2
• Total consumption 1,8 kW (6 low-speed running units)
In-Row (CW)
• 4 Topcooling units• cooling capacity 38 kW• air flow 7.700 m3/h)• dimensions 2400 x 600 mm• consumption 0,7 kW max
(0,2 kW at capacity96/4=24 kW per unit)
• Occupied floor area = 0 m2
• Total consumption 0,8 kW (4 running units)
CoolTop (CW)
Case study
Case study
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Financial effects:
1. Floor area savings
Floor area per unit Number of units
Occupied floor area Floor area price Financial loss
(m2) (pcs) (m2) (€/m2/year) (€/year)
Top cooling 0 4 0 10 000 0
In-Row 0,3 6 1,8 10 000 18 000
CRAC 0,9 3 2,7 10 000 27 000Expected price of one footprint (0,6m2) is 500€ per month.
Case study
Case study
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Financial effects :
1. Energy savings
Indoor units consumption
Number of units
Annual power consumption
Energy price Annual costs
(kW) (pcs) (kWh) (€/kWh) (€/year)
Top cooling 0,2 x 4 = 0,8 4 7008 0,15 1 051
In-Row 0,3 x 6 = 1,8 6 15768 0,15 2 365CRAC CW* 0,7 x 3 = 2,1 3 18396 0,15 2 759
CRAC CW** 1,8 x 2 = 3,6 3 31536 0,15 4 730* Redundant units are working (partial operation).** Redundant units are stand-by.
Case study
Case study
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Top cooling In-Row CRAC0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Case study
Annual savings (€)
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
References
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
References
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
References
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data center cooling
• DC conceptBusiness plan in time, sizes, capacities
• Cooling designcooling system, CFD simulation, critical situations, safety points
• Building processproduct quality, piping system, monitoring
• Operationair separation, temperature setting, efficiency tracing
Summary
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Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Dipl.Ing. Bohumil Cimbál
www.conteg.com
Thank you for your attention