Effects of the Civil Effects of the Civil WarWar

BillyYank

JohnnyReb

Our Boy 2/6/27:44-31:44

Divided Loyalties Divided Loyalties

► KentuckyKentucky Native State to Both Lincoln & DavisNative State to Both Lincoln & Davis Sought to be neutralSought to be neutral Strategic locale = major battlefieldStrategic locale = major battlefield

► A Brother’s WarA Brother’s War Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

► Descendant of Light Horse Harry Lee & Martha Descendant of Light Horse Harry Lee & Martha WashingtonWashington

► Served in Army 30 yrsServed in Army 30 yrs► Opposed seccessionOpposed seccession► Chose Virginia over United StatesChose Virginia over United States

Winfield ScottWinfield Scott► U.S. Commander-in-ChiefU.S. Commander-in-Chief► Guided careers of both Union Guided careers of both Union

& Confederate Officers & Confederate Officers► Chose United States over VirginiaChose United States over Virginia

Frank BuchanonFrank Buchanon► Commander of Commander of MerrimackMerrimack► Sank Union ship Sank Union ship CongressCongress► Knowing his brother was on boardKnowing his brother was on board

William Rufus & James Barbour TerrillWilliam Rufus & James Barbour Terrill► buried by their father in a single grave buried by their father in a single grave

over which the tombstone reads: over which the tombstone reads: ► 'Here lies my two sons. Only 'Here lies my two sons. Only

God knows which was right'.God knows which was right'.

Mrs. J.E.B. StuartMrs. J.E.B. Stuart► Husband Led Confederate CavalryHusband Led Confederate Cavalry► Father led Union CavalryFather led Union Cavalry

Mary Todd LincolnMary Todd Lincoln► 1 brother , 3 half brothers & 3 brothers-1 brother , 3 half brothers & 3 brothers-

in-law in-law ► in Confederate Armyin Confederate Army► Branded Copperhead by Branded Copperhead by

media & Washington Societymedia & Washington Society► Death of son Willie (11) and Death of son Willie (11) and

assassination of Lincolnassassination of Lincoln► Ended life in insane asylumEnded life in insane asylum

First Modern WarFirst Modern War

►Used on large scale for first time:Used on large scale for first time: Railroads, repeating rifles, gatling gun, Railroads, repeating rifles, gatling gun,

ironclad ships, telegraph, barbed wire, ironclad ships, telegraph, barbed wire, balloons, the draftballoons, the draft

Improved Range & Accuracy on all Improved Range & Accuracy on all weaponsweapons

Art of Death 2/8/44:03-47:04

African Americans in the African Americans in the MilitaryMilitary

► Contraband: escaped slavesContraband: escaped slaves Used as guides, spies, common laborersUsed as guides, spies, common laborers

► All Black RegimentsAll Black Regiments 54 Massachusetts Infantry54 Massachusetts Infantry used at major siegesused at major sieges

► Union Union ArmyArmy 10% African American— 10% African American—segregatedsegregated

Union Navy 25% African American—integratedUnion Navy 25% African American—integrated 38,000 died out of 200,00038,000 died out of 200,000

► African American Women Served African American Women Served as Nurses & Spies as Nurses & Spies

Harriet Tubman, Susie King TaylorHarriet Tubman, Susie King Taylor

Changes as a Result of the Changes as a Result of the WarWar

► Freed 3.5 Million Freed 3.5 Million SlavesSlaves

► Political Power Shift Political Power Shift to Northto North protective tariffprotective tariff Transcontinental Transcontinental

RailroadRailroad Homestead ActHomestead Act

►Growth of Big Business Growth of Big Business & Government & Government

The Higher Object 3/8/1:02:23-1:07:58

CasualtiesCasualties

►Greater than all foreign wars till Greater than all foreign wars till WWIWWI

►600,000 dead, 1 in 13 men 600,000 dead, 1 in 13 men ►wounded included large numbers wounded included large numbers

of permanently disabledof permanently disabled►Shiloh & later battles Shiloh & later battles

30% dead 30% dead

Shiloh 2/7/31:49-43:25Antietam 3/7/44:55-57:53

Southern DevastationSouthern Devastation

► Sherman’s MarchSherman’s March Broad, black streak of ruin & desolationBroad, black streak of ruin & desolation Vacant & deserted homes, warehouses, Vacant & deserted homes, warehouses,

farms, townsfarms, towns► Barren Land—No CropsBarren Land—No Crops►Widows & Orphaned ChildrenWidows & Orphaned Children►No Law & OrderNo Law & Order

Wandering Gangs of LootersWandering Gangs of Looters Homeless, starvingHomeless, starving Ex-slaves with no place to goEx-slaves with no place to go

Status of Freed SlavesStatus of Freed Slaves

►no money , property, homes, food, no money , property, homes, food, jobs, friendsjobs, friends

►search for familysearch for family►40 Acres & a mule40 Acres & a mule►Freedman’s BureauFreedman’s Bureau

Rent land to ex-slavesRent land to ex-slaves Established schoolsEstablished schools

Key Issues facing Key Issues facing ReconstructionReconstruction

►What to do with the South After What to do with the South After the Civil War?the Civil War? Punish? Help rebuild? Leave alone?Punish? Help rebuild? Leave alone?

►What was owed to the Freed What was owed to the Freed SlavesSlaves What were their rights?What were their rights? Where would they live & how?Where would they live & how? What was their status in society?What was their status in society?